OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution and drug susceptibility rates of clinical Nocardia isolates so as to provide bases for standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS The characteristics of clinical dis-tribution of the Nocardia strains that were isolated from The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical Univer-sity between Aug.2019 and Aug.2024 were retrospectively analyzed.The isolated strains were identified by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS),16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing were performed for the strains with low score,and the drug susceptibility testing was carried out by broth micro dilution method.RESULTS Totally 35 strains of Nocardia were isolated from clinical specimens in the five years,11 of which were Nocardia cyriacigeorgica,4 were Nocardia asiatica,3 were No-cardia farcinica,3 were Nocardia brasiliensis,3 were Nocardia sputorum,2 were Nocardia nova,2 were No-cardia otitidiscaviarum,2 were Nocardia beijingensis,2 were Nocardia concava,1 was Nocardia abscessus,1 was Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis,and 1 was Nocardia terpenica.Totally 85.71％of the strains were isolated from lower respiratory tract specimens including sputum,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,bronchial brushing and lung puncture tissues,and 11.43％were isolated from skin and soft tissues.It was basically same in the male to female ratio for the patients with Nocardia infections,there were 18 cases of male and 17 cases of female.The elderly patients were dominant,and the patients aged more than 60 years old accounted for 51.43％.The strains were mainly isolated from respiratory medicine department and critical care medicine department.The drug sus-ceptibility rates of all the isolated strains to amikacin and linezolid were 100％,the drug susceptibility rates to sul-famethoxazole-trimethoprim were 97.14％,and the drug susceptibility rates to tobramycin,ceftriaxone and imi-penem were 80％,65.71％and 62.86％,respectively;the drug resistance rates to clarithromycin and ciprofloxa-cin were 65.71％and 62.86％,respectively.Among the major species of isolated Nocardia strains,the N.cyri-acigeorgica strains were all sensitive to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim,linezolid,tobramycin,amikacin,imipen-em and ceftriaxone,the strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin,and the drug resistance rate to clarithromycin reached up to 81.82％.CONCLUSIONS N.cyriacigeorgica is the predominant species of isolated Nocardia strains.The pulmonary infection is the major type of infection.There is little difference in the male to female ratio among the patients with Nocardia infection,and the elderly patients are dominant.Amikacin,linezolid and sulfame-thoxazole-trimethoprim are the most sensitive drugs,and the drug resistance rates of the stains to clarithromycin are high.

Objective:To investigate the influential factors of lung function injury in occupational exposure workers in carbon industry.Methods:In January 2024, a judgment sampling method was employed, with 230 occupational exposure workers in the carbon industry as the study subjects. They were divided into abnormal group and normal group according to whether there was lung function injury in occupational health examination. The basic information of workers in carbon industry was collected by questionnaire, their lung function was measured, urine and blood samples were collected after work, and 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 2-hydroxynaphthalene concentrations and the percentage of DNA in the comet tail and Olive tail distance in peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined. The differences in indicators of lung function, urine and blood samples between the two groups were compared by Mann-Whitney test and t-test. The influencing factors of lung function injury were analyzed by logistic regression. Results:The forced vital capacity (FVC) %[88% (86%, 92%) ], forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1) %[92% (88%, 95%) ] and FEV 1.0/FVC%[96% (91%, 102%) ] of occupational exposure workers in the carbon industry in the normal lung function group ( n=118) were significantly higher than those in the abnormal lung function group [ n=112, 83% (80%, 87%), 84% (80%, 88%), 86% (79%, 91%) ], the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). 1-Hydroxypyrene[9.28 (2.96, 25.94) μg/g], 1-hydroxynaphthalene[2.48 (1.47, 4.37) μg/g], percentage of DNA in the comet tail [11.83% (5.30%, 21.45%) ] and Olive tail distance [2.30 (0.82, 4.77) μm] in the abnormal lung function workers was significantly higher than those in the normal group[2.57 (1.17, 9.34) μg/g, 1.70 (0.94, 2.89) μg/g, 6.75% (2.55%, 12.60%), 1.25 (0.43, 2.34) μm], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, working age, job type, percentage of comet tail DNA in peripheral blood, Olive tail distance and 1-hydroxypyrene were all factors influencing lung function injury in occupational exposure workers in carbon industry ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The percentage of DNA in the comet tail, Olive tail distance in peripheral blood lymphocytes and 1-hydroxypyrene may be markers of lung function injury in workers exposed to carbon industry. Working age and job type are occupational factors affecting lung function injury. Occupational protection should be strengthened and a reasonable operating system should be established to ensure the health of occupational workers.

OBJECTIVE To understand the distribution and drug susceptibility rates of clinical Nocardia isolates so as to provide bases for standardized clinical diagnosis and treatment.METHODS The characteristics of clinical dis-tribution of the Nocardia strains that were isolated from The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical Univer-sity between Aug.2019 and Aug.2024 were retrospectively analyzed.The isolated strains were identified by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF MS),16S rRNA and rpoB gene sequencing were performed for the strains with low score,and the drug susceptibility testing was carried out by broth micro dilution method.RESULTS Totally 35 strains of Nocardia were isolated from clinical specimens in the five years,11 of which were Nocardia cyriacigeorgica,4 were Nocardia asiatica,3 were No-cardia farcinica,3 were Nocardia brasiliensis,3 were Nocardia sputorum,2 were Nocardia nova,2 were No-cardia otitidiscaviarum,2 were Nocardia beijingensis,2 were Nocardia concava,1 was Nocardia abscessus,1 was Nocardia pseudobrasiliensis,and 1 was Nocardia terpenica.Totally 85.71％of the strains were isolated from lower respiratory tract specimens including sputum,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid,bronchial brushing and lung puncture tissues,and 11.43％were isolated from skin and soft tissues.It was basically same in the male to female ratio for the patients with Nocardia infections,there were 18 cases of male and 17 cases of female.The elderly patients were dominant,and the patients aged more than 60 years old accounted for 51.43％.The strains were mainly isolated from respiratory medicine department and critical care medicine department.The drug sus-ceptibility rates of all the isolated strains to amikacin and linezolid were 100％,the drug susceptibility rates to sul-famethoxazole-trimethoprim were 97.14％,and the drug susceptibility rates to tobramycin,ceftriaxone and imi-penem were 80％,65.71％and 62.86％,respectively;the drug resistance rates to clarithromycin and ciprofloxa-cin were 65.71％and 62.86％,respectively.Among the major species of isolated Nocardia strains,the N.cyri-acigeorgica strains were all sensitive to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim,linezolid,tobramycin,amikacin,imipen-em and ceftriaxone,the strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin,and the drug resistance rate to clarithromycin reached up to 81.82％.CONCLUSIONS N.cyriacigeorgica is the predominant species of isolated Nocardia strains.The pulmonary infection is the major type of infection.There is little difference in the male to female ratio among the patients with Nocardia infection,and the elderly patients are dominant.Amikacin,linezolid and sulfame-thoxazole-trimethoprim are the most sensitive drugs,and the drug resistance rates of the stains to clarithromycin are high.

Objective:To investigate the influential factors of lung function injury in occupational exposure workers in carbon industry.Methods:In January 2024, a judgment sampling method was employed, with 230 occupational exposure workers in the carbon industry as the study subjects. They were divided into abnormal group and normal group according to whether there was lung function injury in occupational health examination. The basic information of workers in carbon industry was collected by questionnaire, their lung function was measured, urine and blood samples were collected after work, and 1-hydroxypyrene, 1-hydroxynaphthalene and 2-hydroxynaphthalene concentrations and the percentage of DNA in the comet tail and Olive tail distance in peripheral blood lymphocytes were determined. The differences in indicators of lung function, urine and blood samples between the two groups were compared by Mann-Whitney test and t-test. The influencing factors of lung function injury were analyzed by logistic regression. Results:The forced vital capacity (FVC) %[88% (86%, 92%) ], forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1) %[92% (88%, 95%) ] and FEV 1.0/FVC%[96% (91%, 102%) ] of occupational exposure workers in the carbon industry in the normal lung function group ( n=118) were significantly higher than those in the abnormal lung function group [ n=112, 83% (80%, 87%), 84% (80%, 88%), 86% (79%, 91%) ], the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). 1-Hydroxypyrene[9.28 (2.96, 25.94) μg/g], 1-hydroxynaphthalene[2.48 (1.47, 4.37) μg/g], percentage of DNA in the comet tail [11.83% (5.30%, 21.45%) ] and Olive tail distance [2.30 (0.82, 4.77) μm] in the abnormal lung function workers was significantly higher than those in the normal group[2.57 (1.17, 9.34) μg/g, 1.70 (0.94, 2.89) μg/g, 6.75% (2.55%, 12.60%), 1.25 (0.43, 2.34) μm], and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that sex, working age, job type, percentage of comet tail DNA in peripheral blood, Olive tail distance and 1-hydroxypyrene were all factors influencing lung function injury in occupational exposure workers in carbon industry ( P<0.05) . Conclusion:The percentage of DNA in the comet tail, Olive tail distance in peripheral blood lymphocytes and 1-hydroxypyrene may be markers of lung function injury in workers exposed to carbon industry. Working age and job type are occupational factors affecting lung function injury. Occupational protection should be strengthened and a reasonable operating system should be established to ensure the health of occupational workers.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been widely used to treat neurological diseases.However,due to limitations of the blood-brain barrier,low survival rate and differentiation rate of stem cells at damaged sites,the therapeutic effect is limited. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of Shexiang Huangqi compound dripping pills on proliferation,migration and astrocyte differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS:Male SD rats were treated with Shexiang Huangqi compound dripping pills for 5 days after continuous gavage.Blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and serum was separated for later use.The effect of 5%,10%and 20%drug-containing serum on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was detected by CCK-8 assay.The effect of 10%drug-containing serum on lateral migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was observed by scratch test.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in Transwell cells.The effects of 10%drug-containing serum on longitudinal migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were observed by crystal violet staining and DAPI nuclear staining.Differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into astrocytes was observed by inducing solution with 10%drug-containing serum or co-culture with astrocytes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)10%and 20%drug-containing serum promoted cell proliferation more significantly on days 2 and 3,and there was no statistical difference between the two concentrations.(2)At 30 and 48 hours,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell migration in 10%drug-containing serum group was significantly higher than that in the control group.(3)The number of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells filtered through Transwell cells in 10%drug-containing serum group was higher than that in the control group.(4)10%drug-containing serum might promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to astrocytes,but the differentiation effect was weak,and astrocytes might further promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into astrocytes induced by drug-containing serum.(5)The results exhibited that the 10%drug-containing serum could promote the proliferation and migration of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in vitro.Co-culture with astrocytes may promote the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells towards astrocytes.

Objective:To construct a novel respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine based on a recombinant influenza virus vector and evaluate its immune protective effects in mice.Methods:A recombinant H1N1 influenza A virus (IAV) expressing the extracellular domain (Gecto) of RSV A2 G protein was constructed and rescued, named as PR8NAGecto/WSN. After in vitro verification of the Gecto expression and PR8NAGecto/WSN growth kinetics, a single dose of PR8NAGecto/WSN was used to immunize BALB/c mice through intranasal administration to evaluate the efficacy of PR8NAGecto/WSN by assessing humoral (IgG, neutralizing antibody), mucosal (IgA) and cellular immunity (IFN-γ ELISPOT). Four weeks after immunization, the mice were challenged with RSV A2 or RSV B9320 to evaluate the protective effects of PR8NAGecto/WSN by analyzing mouse body weight changes, lung tissue virus titers and pathological changes. Results:A single-dose intranasal immunization with PR8NAGecto/WSN induced robust humoral, mucosal and cellular immunity in mice. Moreover, the mice in the immunized group had lower lung virus loads and mild lung pathological damages following the challenge with RSV A or RSV B subtype as compared with the control group.Conclusions:A single-dose intranasal immunization with PR8NAGecto/WSN induces robust immunity and provide protection against RSV A and B challenges in mice. This study provides new ideas and reference for the development of novel mucosal vaccines against RSV.

Objective To investigate the effects of glutathiones-transferase (GST) T1, GSTM1 and epoxide hydrolase (EPHX1) genes on skin injury in workers exposed to coal tar pitch. Methods Workers from a carbon manufacturing company involved in coal tar pitch production and use were selected as the study subjects using a judgment sampling method. Workers with skin injury after exposed to coal tar were selected as the case group (55 cases), and those with the same workshop and type of work but without skin abnormalities were selected as the control group (197 cases). Urine and blood samples were collected from the workers, and levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolites, including 1-pyrenol (1-OH-P), 1-naphthol (1-OH-N) and 2-naphthol (2-OH-N), in urine were measured using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. The GSTT1, GSTM1 and EPHX1 genes in blood were detected by polymerase chain reaction. Results In the case group, all 55 workers reported skin stinging, 25 workers reported itching and flaking, and 15 workers reported blackheads and pigmentation. Urinary levels of 1-OH-N and 2-OH-N were lower in the worker in the case group than that in the control group (all P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the level of 1-OH-P between the two groups (P>0.05). There were significant differences in the number of workers with GSTT1, GSTM1 and EPHX1(His139His) genes between the two groups (all P<0.01). The GSTT1 and GSTM1 genes were positively correlated with post-shift urinary levels of 1-OH-N, 1-OH-P, and 2-OH-N (all P<0.01). The EPHX1 (139Arg locus) gene was positively correlated with post-shift 2-OH-N levels (P=0.03). The GSTT1, GSTM1, and EPHX1 (139Arg locus) genes were associated with reduced skin damage among coal tar workers (all P<0.01), after controlling for age, length of service, gender, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Conclusion Exposure to coal tar pitch can cause skin injury in workers, and the GSTT1, GSTM1, and EPHX1 (139Arg locus) genes are protective factors against skin injury in those workers.

Objective:To investigate the effect of triptolide on the apoptosis of human melanoma A375 cells through the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) /c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway, and to explore its possible mechanisms.Methods:Cultured A375 cells were treated with triptolide at different concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200 nmol/L (experimental control group, 50, 100, 200 nmol/L triptolide groups, respectively), and a blank control group (DMEM high-glucose medium without cells) was set up. Methyl thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to evaluate the cell viability at 24, 48, and 72 hours after the start of treatment, flow cytometry to detect cell apoptosis at 24 hours after the start of treatment, and real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis were conducted to determine mRNA and protein expression of IRE1, JNK, and c-Jun, respectively. After pretreatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 for 72 hours, some A375 cells were then treated with 100 nmol/L triptolide for 24 hours (SP600125 + 100 nmol/L triptolide group), and the A375 cells only treated with 100 nmol/L triptolide served as control group (100 nmol/L triptolide group). Effects of triptolide on the mRNA expression of IRE1, JNK, and c-Jun in A375 cells, as well as on cell apoptosis, were investigated. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way analysis of variance, one-way analysis of variance, and Dunnett′s test.Results:After the treatment with different concentrations of triptolide for different durations, the cell viability was significantly lower in all triptolide groups than in the experimental control group ( Ftriptolide concentration = 18.36, P = 0.002), and gradually decreased over time ( F time = 8.54, P = 0.018). After 24-hour treatment, the apoptosis rate of A375 cells significantly differed among the 4 groups treated with different concentrations of triptolide ( F = 5 234.97, P < 0.001) ; additionally, the apoptosis rate was significantly higher in the 50, 100, and 200 nmol/L triptolide groups (16.99% ± 0.33%, 30.78% ± 0.40%, 38.91% ± 0.51%, respectively) than in the experimental control group (4.33% ± 0.02%, all P < 0.05), and gradually increased with the rising concentrations of triptolide. The mRNA expression levels of IRE1, JNK, and c-Jun were all significantly higher in the 50, 100, and 200 nmol/L triptolide groups than in the experimental control group (all P < 0.05), and gradually increased with the increase of triptolide concentration. Moreover, the protein expression levels of IRE1, JNK, c-Jun, p-JNK, and p-c-Jun in A375 cells in the triptolide groups also showed the same trend. After pretreatment with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 for 72 hours, the apoptosis rate was significantly lower in the SP600125 + 100 nmol/L triptolide group (21.88% ± 0.55%) than in the 100 nmol/L triptolide group without SP600125 pretreatment (30.78% ± 0.40%, t = -22.51, P < 0.001), and the mRNA expression levels of IRE1, JNK, and c-Jun were also significantly decreased in the SP600125 + 100 nmol/L triptolide group compared with the 100 nmol/L triptolide group (all P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Triptolide may induce apoptosis of human melanoma A375 cells by activating the IRE1/JNK signaling pathway.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a well-tolerated, safe and noninvasive physical brain stimulation method, which has been widely used in the treatment of some common mental disorders and neurological diseases and has achieved certain clinical effects. It is necessary to develop expert consensus on clinical treatment to improve the use norms in related fields. According to the clinical research published before August 2021 and the method of evidence-based medicine, we published an expert consensus on tDCS in the treatment of depressive disorders, schizophrenia, substance use-related disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorders, pain, Parkinson′s disease, stroke, and epilepsy. The consensus also introduced the safety and efficacy of the clinical use of tDCS, and standardized the treatment process and operation technology, aiming to provide guidance for the clinical application of tDCS and promote the standardized development of this treatment technology in the future.

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a well-tolerated, safe and noninvasive physical brain stimulation method, which has been widely used in the treatment of some common mental disorders and neurological diseases and has achieved certain clinical effects. It is necessary to develop expert consensus on clinical treatment to improve the use norms in related fields. According to the clinical research published before August 2021 and the method of evidence-based medicine, we published an expert consensus on tDCS in the treatment of depressive disorders, schizophrenia, substance use-related disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, sleep disorders, pain, Parkinson′s disease, stroke, and epilepsy. The consensus also introduced the safety and efficacy of the clinical use of tDCS, and standardized the treatment process and operation technology, aiming to provide guidance for the clinical application of tDCS and promote the standardized development of this treatment technology in the future.