Anaerobic threshold (AT) and maximal oxygen uptake (Vo_2max) were determined according to ventilation and gas exchange measurements during graded cycling in 26 athletes and were compared with cardiac condition and function measured by 2-dimensional echocardiography exercise test in corresponding with HR at and above AT. There are significant correlations between Dd and VO_2max and between cardiac function (such as SV, CO, UMO and so on) and VO_2, but the correlations are higher in the same than in different subjects of the same HR. It suggests that the physiological individualities including cardiac function and other peripheral factors are so different that the VO_2max, AT, cardiac condition and function should be measured respectively to evaluate aerobic capabilities of each athlete, thus guiding the training and selection of athletes.

Objective To detect the levels of IL-9,IL-17,and IFN-γ in CD4+T cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with RA and healthy controls were obtained,then the CD4+ T lymphocytes were tested by immunomagnetic beads.The protein levels of IL-9,IFN-γ and IL-17 were measured by flow cytometry (FCM).The mRNA levels of IL-9,IL-17,RORγt and IFN-γwere also detected by qRT-PCR.Data were analyzed by comparison between groups using variance analysis,and Pearson's correlation analysis was used for linear correlation analysis.Results The isolation of untouched human CD4+ T cells from PBMC was effective and its purity was over 90％.The protein levels of IL-9,IL-17,IFN-γwere higher in patients with active RA as compared with patients with inactive RA (P＜0.01) which were (1.62±0.23)％ vs (1.15±0.24)％(P＜0.01),(1.47±0.20)％ vs (1.04±0.26)％(P＜0.01) and (8.1±0.6)％ vs (6.9±1.0)％(P＜0.01) respectively,so did the patients with RA when compared with healthy controls (P＜0.01).The mRNA levels of IL-9,IL-17,RORγt and IFN-γ were higher in patients with active RA as compared with inactive RA patients (P＜0.01),which were (3.0±0.6) vs (1.8±0.4) (p＜0.01) (4.2±0.9)vs (2.3±0.7) (P＜0.01),(4.1±0.7)vs (2.9±0.3) (P＜0.01)and (4.0±0.8)vs (2.3±0.6) (P＜0.01) respectively,so did the patients with RA when compared with healthy controls (P＜0.01).Intracelluar IL-9 levels were positively correlated with IL-17 (r=0.632,P=0.001),IFN-γ (r=0.515,P=0.008),DAS28 (r=0.519,P=0.009) and ESR (r=0.857,P=0.038) but had no correlation with CRP (r=0.38,P=0.61).Conclusion The levels of IL-17,IL-9,IFN-γare higher in the PBMCs of RA patients,and these cytokines may participate in the pathogenesis of RA.

ObjectiveTo investigate the profile of Th17/Treg balance in the peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).MethodsThirty-two SLE patients in active disease were selected and 30 SLE patients in remission were included in this study.The control group was consisted of 25healthy individuals.The expressions of IL-17 and FoxP3 on CD4+ T cells in the peripheral blood were assessed by flow cytometry and the mRNA levels of these two cytokines were examined by quantitative PCR respectively.ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe percentage of CD4+IL-17+ T cells and IL-17mRNA expression of the active group were significantly higher than those of the remission group and control group[(l.0l±0.22)％,(2.04±0.63)vs (0.48±0.16)％,(1.12±0.34) vs (0.41±0.12)％,1; P＜0.01].There was no difference between the remission group and control group(P＞0.05).However,the percentage of CI4+FoxP3 + T cells and FoxP3 mRNA expression of the active group were significantly lower than those of the remission group and control group [(2.36±t0.54)％,(0.42±0.16) vs (4.34±0.95)％,(0.87±t0.28) vs (5.09±11.17)％,1; P＜0.01 ],and there was also significant differencesbetween the remission group and control group(P＜0.05).ConclusionThl7/Treg balance shift may exist in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE and the degree of imbalance may be related to disease activity of SLE.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of S100A14 and LOXL2 in papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues. Methods Paraffin blocks from 90 cases of thyroid lesion were collected to make tissue microarray. The expression of S100A14 and LOXL2 in 30 cases of nodular goiter (NG), 30 cases of classic papillary thyroid carcinoma (CPTC) and 30 cases of high invasion papillary thyroid carcinoma were detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation of S100A14 and LOXL2 expression with the clinicopathological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma patients was investigated. Results S100A4 and LOXL2 were highly expressed in papillary thyroid carcinoma. There was a gradually increasing trend from the expression in NG group, CPTC group to high invasive group. The positive rate of S100A14 in papillary thyroid carcinoma with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis (P < 0.05). There was significant difference of S100A14 and LOXL2 expression between CPTC group and high invasion group (P < 0.05). S100A14 expression was positively correlated with LOXL2 expression (r=0.332). Conclusion The high expression of S100A14 and LOXL2 may be related to the malignant biological behavior and invasiveness of papillary thyroid carcinoma, and S100A14 may promote lymph node metastasis.

This is an in vitro study designed to assess the effect of temperature variation on the heart function of the five-strip eyebrow squirrel--amammal of the hibernating kind. A heart model of exsomatizing action and for determining the physiological parameters with four physiological recorders was used to measure the LVSP, LVEDP and (+/- dP/dtmax), respectively. It was found that the curves of the squirrel's heart mechanics property in relation to temperature variation are similar to the curves of the non-hibernating animals'. But, the squirrels' heart contraction function changes with in a much wider range, suggesting that their hearts are more tolerant of temperature variation.
Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Female ; Heart ; physiology ; Hibernation ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction ; Sciuridae ; anatomy & histology ; physiology ; Temperature

Objective: To observe the application of ultrasound-guided femoral nerve block(FNB) and popliteal sciatic nerve block(PSNB) in patients undergoing foot and ankle surgery. Methods: From August 2015 to August 2017, 60 patients scheduled for foot and ankle surgery undergoing laryngeal mask airway (LMA) general anesthesia in the People′s Hospital of Langfang were randomly divided into 3 groups by the random number table, with 20 cases in each group.Before transfer patients from bed to operating table, A group received dezocine 5 mg iv, B group received FNB combined with PSNB(distal to the sciatic nerve bifurcation), C group received FNB combined with PSNB(proximal to the sciatic nerve bifurcation). A total of 40 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine were injected guided by ultrasound in B group and C group.The time of sufficient sensory block and awake, the dosage of remifentanil and propofol were recorded.Pain was assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS) pre- and post block.The incidence of sleepiness, postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), agitation, pain and adverse reaction were also recorded. Results: The time of sufficient sensory block and awake, the dosage of remifentanil and propofol in A, B and C group: A group(not measured), (21.6±1.6)min, (1183±17)μg, (665.0±6.7)mg; B group (25.5±2.5)min, (15.3±1.4)min, (635±16)μg, (455.0±6.5)mg; C group (19.6±2.3)min, (14.9±1.5)min, (598±14)μg, (438.0±9.9)mg.The time of awake, the dosage of remifentanil and propofol in B group and C group were significantly lower than those in A group (F=44.07, 52.41, 62.45, all P<0.05). The time of sufficient sensory block in C group was lower than that in B group(t=15.69, P<0.05). The VAS scores at T2, T3 and T4 in A, B and C group: A group (4.5±0.6)point, (8.4±0.5)point, (6.1±0.9)point; B group (2.6±0.5)point, (3.9±0.3)point, (2.4±0.6)point; C group (2.5±0.4)point, (2.3±0.5)point, (1.1±0.5)point.The VAS scores in B group or C group were significantly lower than those in A group (F=52.36, 72.82, 75.41, all P<0.05). The VAS scores at T3 and T4 in C group were significantly lower than those in B group (t=18.42, q=14.55, all P<0.05). The incidence rates of sleepiness, PONV, agitation and incision pain in A, B and C group: A group (25%, 25%, 15%, 15%, 50%); B group(0%, 5%, 0%, 0%, 10%); C group(0%, 5%, 0%, 0%, 0%). The number of patients who had adverse reactions in B or C group were significantly lower than those in A group (χ²=8.51, 8.73, 10.11, 10.11, 9.69, all P<0.05). The incidence rate of incision pain at sober in C group was lower than that in B group(χ²=10.89, P<0.05). Conclusion The ultrasound-guided FNB and PSNB(proximal to the sciatic nerve bifurcation) can obviously shorten the onset time, reduce the dosage of general anaesthetic.It has effective analgesia during transfer of patients from bed to operating table and sober.

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of mortality in patients with intra-abdominal candidiasis (IAC).Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 203 IAC patients who were admitted to 7 medical centers from June 2018 to June 2020 were collected, including 54 cases in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 31 cases in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 25 cases in Beijing Hospital, 25 cases in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 24 cases in China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 22 cases in General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command of Chinese PLA and 22 cases in Chongqing University Cancer Hospital. There were 130 males and 73 females, aged (64±15)years. Observation indicators: (1) candida infection and treatment of IAC patients; (2) analysis of influencing factors for mortality of IAC patients. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range), and comparison between groups was analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were expressed as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed by Logistic regression model. Results:(1) Candida infection and treatment of IAC patients: 134 cases of candida albicans were cultured in the initial abdominal drainage fluid or intraoperative abdominal specimens of 203 patients, and 49 cases were treated with fluconazole. Of 69 cases infected with non candida albicans, 13 cases were treated with fluconazole. The resistance rate of candida albicans to fluconazole was 5.91%(12/203). Of 203 patients, there were 68 cases with infections shock, 53 cases with renal failure, 84 cases with respiratory failure and 63 cases with multiple organ failure, respectively. There were 148 of 203 patients admitted to intensive care unit for 9 days(range, 3-20 days), and the total hospital stay was 28 days(range, 17-50 days). Of 203 patients, 86 cases were cured and discharged, 50 cases were improved and transferred to local hospitals, 32 cases gave up treatment and discharged automatically, 19 cases died, 16 cases had no follow-up data. The mortality was 25.12%(51/203). (2) Analysis of influencing factors for mortality of IAC patients. Results of univariate analysis showed that acute physiology and chronic health evaluation score, sequential organ failure assessment score, the Cr, bilirubin, albumin, procalcitonin, and PLT on the first day of candida positive culture, of the lowest value in a week and the highest in a week, heart disease, diabetes, infections shock, renal failure, respiratory failure, multiple organ failure, anti-fungal therapy were the related factors for mortality of IAC patients ( t=-2.322, Z=-2.550, -2.262, -4.361, t=2.085, Z=-3.734, -5.226, -2.394, -5.542, t=3.462, Z=-4.957, -5.632, 3.670, -5.805, t=3.966, Z=-3.734, -5.727, χ2=4.071, 4.638, 27.353, 18.818, 13.199, 26.251, 13.388, P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the bilirubin, procalcitonin on the first day of candida positive culture and infections shock were independent risk factors for mortality of IAC patients ( odds ratio=1.021, 1.022, 6.864, 95% confidence interval as 1.010-1.033, 1.001-1.044, 1.858-25.353, P<0.05). Conclusions:The common fungus of IAC was candida albicans, and fluconazole can be used as the initial empirical treatment. The prognosis of patients with abdominal candidiasis is poor. Bilirubin, procalcitonin on the first day of candida positive culture and infections shock are indepen-dent risk factors for mortality of IAC patients.