To investigate the effects of particle size, mPEG molecular weight, coating density and zeta potential of monomethoxyl poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (mPEG-PLGA) nanoparticles on their transportation across the rat nasal mucosa, mPEG-PLGA-NPs with different mPEG molecular weights (M(r) 1 000, 2 000) and coating density (0, 5%, 10%, 15%) and chitosan coated PLGA-NP, which loaded coumarin-6 as fluorescent marker, were prepared with the nanoprecipitation method and emulsion-solvent evaporation method, and determine their particle size, zeta potential, the efficiency of fluorescent labeling, in vitro leakage rate and the stability with the lysozyme were determined. The effects of physical and chemical properties on the transmucosal transport of the fluorescent nanoparticles were investigated by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The result showed that the size of nanoparticles prepared with nanoprecipitation method varied between 120 and 200 nm; the size of nanoparticles prepared with emulsion-solvent evaporation method varied between 420 and 450 nm. Nanoparticles dispersed uniformly; the zeta potential of PLGA-NPs was negative; mPEG-PLGA-NPs was close to neutral; chitosan coated PLGA-NPs was positive; and the efficiency of fluorescent labeling were higher than 80%. In vitro leak was less than 5% within 4 h and nanoparticles were basically stable with lysozyme. The CLSM results show that the transportation efficiency of mPEG-PLGA-NPs with a high PEG coating density and high mPEG molecular weight was significantly higher than that of uncoated PLGA nanoparticles and also that of chitosan coated PLGA-NPs (P < 0.05). The hydrophilcity, zeta potential and particle size of nanoparticles play important roles on the efficiency of mPEG-PLGA nanoparticles to transport across the rat nasal mucosa.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of hydroxychloroquine(HCQ) in pregnant patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods Twenty-four pregnant patients with SLE treated with HCQ during pregnancy from May,2006 to February,2011 were studied retrospectively.All babies were followed up during early infancy for growth development.ResultsOf them,22 patients were treated with HCQ throughout the whole pregnancy with no lupus flare occurred in 21 patients (95.4％),while temporary discontinuation of HCQ precipitated a flare of disease in two patients.Three patients ( 12.5％ ) had premature delivery,and pregnancy induced hypertension happened in 3 patients (12.5％ ).No congenital abnormalities occurred and mean follow-up of 26 months ( range 1 - 47 months) revealed no abnormalities in these children.Conclusion Our findings reinforce the safety of HCQ therapy during pregancy and HCQ should probably be maintained throughout the pregancy in patients with SLE.

Objective This paper aims to use components as the key factors to explore the feasibility of evaluation method about the learning effect of Web-based PBL.Methods We distributed a questionnaire to 101 students of clinical class of 2007 and 2008 grade in Guangzhou Medical University,and electronically distributed after 2 weeks.Cranach's α coefficient WaS used to evaluate intrinsic consistency reliability of the questionnaire.We applied principal axis factoring to extract components and to explain components which were orthogonally rotated by varimax.Multi-factor regression model Was simulated with key factors and the model's performance of fitting WaS tested.Results Multi-factor regression mode(WPBLSUM)=0.545 Collective collaboration capabilities+0.202 Self-learning and quest skills+0.137 linical reasoning and problem-solving capabilities+0.116 memorizing and understanding of medical knowledge.The coefficient of determination R2Was 0.998 and the corrected coefficient of determination R2Was 0.998.indicating that the model's fit results are obvious.Conclusion This paper demonstrates that using components as the key factors to simulate and assessing the Web-based PBL learning effect is feasible,which assesses the Web-based PBL learning effect well from four different aspects.

[Objective] To observe the therapeutic effect of Qingfei Jianpi Decoction (QJD) for the treatment of acne vulgaris (AV) . [Methods] One hundred and five cases of AV were randomized into two groups: group A (n =64) was treated with QJD, a prescription medicine mainly composed of Herba Houttuyniae, Cortex Lycii, Cortex Moutan, Radix Scutellariae, Radix Fici Simplicissimae, Radix Flemingiae Philippinensis, Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae, Poria, etc. , and group B (n=41) with tetracycline for 4 weeks. After treatment, the therapeutic effect, changes of facial lesion and signs, and side effects were observed. A 3-month follow-up was made for the cured patients to investigate the recurrence rate. [Results] Facial lesion and seborrheic degree were relieved in group A, the difference being significant as compared with those before treatment (P0.05 ) . The therapeutic effect was better in group A than that in group B (P

Objective To investigate the inclusion of ginsenoside Rg_3 with hydroxylpropyl-?-cyclodextrin (HP-?-CD) in aqueous solutions, inclusion molar ratio of host and guest molecules, and change of thermodynamic parameters during the inclusion process. Methods The measurements of the inclusion mechanism, inclusion molar of the host and guest molecules, and change of thermodynamic parameters were carried out by the following methods: phase solubility, IR, NMR, and TLC methods, respectively. Results The results indicated that the inclusion compound of ginsenoside Rg_3-HP-?-CD was formed. The content analysis of the inclusion compound showed that the inclusion ratio of ginsenoside Rg_3-HP-?-CD was 1∶1. The change in the thermodynamic parameters suggested that the inclusion could proceed (△G

Objective To identify the inclusion compound of ginsenoside Rh2 with hydroxylpropyl-?-cyclodextrin (HP-?-CD) in aqueous solution, and to investigate the change of thermodynamic parameters during the inclusion process. Methods The measurements of the inclusion mechanism, inclusion molar ratio of the host and guest molecules, and change of thermodynamic parameters were carried out by the following methods separately; thin layer chromatography (TLC), differential scanning calorimetry (OSC), infrared (IR) spectrometry, phase solubility method, and thermodynamic method, respectively. Results That all the phase solubility diagrams showed a typical AL-type in various temperatures and suggested the formation of a soluble complex of 1∶1 molar ratio. TLC and IR Spectroscopy confirmed that the significant interaction between the host and guest molecules was probably due to the inclusion of aglycone of Rh2 molecule into the hydrophobic cavity of HP-?-CD molecule. The change in the thermodynamic parameters suggested that the inclusion could proceed spontaneously (?G

Objective To explore suppression of chondrocyte apoptosis by IL-1Ra gene transfer to the knees of experimental osteoarthritis (OA).Method ①Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 3 groups,partial synovectomy of the left knee had been done.Synovial fibroblasts (SF) were isolated and cultured.②Fibroblasts from each rabbit were transduced by using the retrovirus with either IL-1Ra gene (group 3) or marker gene to (group2) in vitro.③ OA was induced in right knee of rabbits by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT).④ The autologous cells transduced with IL-1Ra gene or marker gene were injected into the right knee of group 3 or 2.⑤At the second week and at the forth week,IL-1Ra level in SF was determined by ELISA.⑥Cartilage section were stained for checking histologic changes and chondrocyte apoptosis were determined using TUNEL method.Results The IL-1Ra level in the SF of group 3 were (20.6?1.8)ng/ml and (4.82?0.52)ng/ml after 2 and 4 weeks,after gene delivered respectively,and the IL-1Ra level in the group 2 and group 1 were very lowat both 2 and 4 weeks.Approximately 40% of chondrocytes underwent apoptosis in group 2,whereas apoptosis were inhibited in group 3,only 18% of chondrocytes underwent apoptosis,and 2%~5% of chondrocytes underwent apoptosis in normal joint.Conclusion This study showes that a local increase IL-1Ra level in OA keen joints by intraartilcular injection of IL-1Ra gene transduced synovial cells can suppress articular cartilage chondrocyte apoptosis.

Objective To improve the understanding and diagnosis of primary hypertrophic os-teoathropathy(PHO).Methods A case of PHO was reported.The clinical data and the process of the diagno-sis and treatment was analyzed retrospectively,and the related literature were reviewed.Results The patient was a young man without family history of PHO.He had symptoms since age 16.He had clubbing fingers and toes,hypertrophic skin,joint swelling,hyperhidrosis and radiographic evidence of periostitis.Thus the disease was diagnosed as PHO.The patient was treated with NSAIDs and the symptoms relieved very quickly.Conclusion Radiographic examination should be taken in time when young males have the general characters of clubbing fingers and toes,hypertrophic skin changes.If the periostitis presents,the final diagnosis of PHO can be confirmed.

Objectiye To study the levels of cartilage oligomeric matrixprotein (COMP) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) in the serum fluid of osteoarthritic rabbit models and their relationships with the severity of pathological changes, so as to investigate their correlation with osteoarthritis(OA). Methods The osteoarthritic animal models were get from immobilizing the right knees of 18 rabbits in full extension using plaster cast. Knee joint pathological changes of 2,6 weeks were examined for pathological severity of OA; ELISA sandwich method was used to measure the levels of COMP and MMP-3 in serum before and after modeling( at 2, 6 weeks respectively); X ray of model keens was also obtained in different period.Correlation analysis was performed to demonstrate the relationship between the levels of COMP, MMP-3 in the serum and the pathological severity of OA. Results ( 1 ) Morphological observations: immobilizing the right knees of rabbits in full extension using plaster cast was a reliable methed for osteoarthritic animal models and the typical histopathologic character was seen; the severity of osteoarthritisgradually increased with time extended. (2) The levels of COMP[(3.64 ±0. 18)μg/L], MMP-3 [(1.99 ±0. 81 ) μg/L]in the serum of 2 weeks osteoarthritic animal models were higher than those before immobilizing with plaster cast [COMP(3.35 ±0. 20) μg/L,MMP-3( 1.61 ±0. 71 ) μg/L]. The levels of COMP[(3.96 ±0. 44) μg/L],MMP-3[(3.44 ±0. 91) μg/L] of 6 weeks were much higher,with a significant difference(P ＜0.05). The levels of COMP, MMP-3 in serum had a linear correlation with the pathological severity of OA (r ＞0. 710,and P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The levels of COMP and MMP-3 in serum can help to predict and evaluate the progression of OA.

Due to the subjective and objective constraints of universities in China,PBL Teaching Mode failed to gain its popularity in China's medical education.In its teaching reform,Guangzhou Medical University put forward a new teaching model--Web-based PBL Teaching Mode(hereinafter referred to as WPBL).by integrating the classical concept of PBL education with the real situation of the university and carried it out among students in bilingual classes of Clinical Medicine.The resuIts showed that by effectively overcoming the difficulties during the implementation of classical PBL teaching,Web-based PBL Teaching Mode not only succeeded in achieving the teaching objectives,but also improved the learning efficiency and utilization of teaching resources greatly by means of network technology.