Objective To improve the processing protocol of the frozen erythrocyte ( RBC) washing machine of the dialysis type to enhance its efficiency of treating the 2 U frozen RBCs .Methods The frozen RBC washing machine for dialysis was used to deglycerolize the 2 U frozen RBCs after thawing .Measures including adjustment of the Pump speed , washing buffer adding and solution osmolarity were taken to decrease the processing time .Hemoglobin(Hb) content, Hb recovery, residual glycerol, free Hb content, deforming ability, and apoptosis of the deglycerolized RBCs were assessed to evaluate the efficiency of the improved protocol .Results As for the cells processed respectively by the previous and improved protocols, contents of Hb were (35.03 ±4.20) g and (53.82 ±2.08) g, respectively; Hb recoveries were (61.10 ±8.46)% and (80.22 ±3.73)%,respectively.Osmolarities representing residual glycerol were (307.00 ± 14.50)mOsm and (322.00 ±29.00)mOsm.Free Hb values were (0.74 ±0.04) and (0.80 ±0.08)g/L.The processing time was (1.64 ±0.31) and (1.04 ±0.16) h,respectively.There were significant differences in Hb content , Hb recovery, and deforming ability between the cells processed by the two protocols respectively .However , there were no significant changes in glycerol contents , free Hb, and apoptosis extent between the cells processed by the two protocols .Conclusion The innovated protocol can improve the quality of washed frozen RBCs , decrease the processing time and enhance the efficiency of the machine.

BACKGROUND:Due to the sudden release and the rapid removal by proteases,platelet-rich plasma hydrogel leads to shorter residence times of growth factors at the wound site.In recent years,researchers have focused on the use of hydrogels to encapsulate platelet-rich plasma in order to improve the deficiency of platelet-rich plasma hydrogels. OBJECTIVE:To prepare self-assembled polypeptide-platelet-rich plasma hydrogel and to explore its effects on the release of bioactive factors of platelet-rich plasma. METHODS:The self-assembled polypeptide was synthesized by the solid-phase synthesis method,and the solution was prepared by D-PBS.Hydrogels were prepared by mixing different volumes of polypeptide solutions with platelet-rich plasma and calcium chloride/thrombin solutions,so that the final mass fraction of polypeptides in the system was 0.1%,0.3%,and 0.5%,respectively.The hydrogel state was observed,and the release of growth factors in platelet-rich plasma was detected in vitro.The polypeptide self-assembly was stimulated by mixing 1%polypeptide solution with 1%human serum albumin solution,so that the final mass fraction of the polypeptide was 0.1%,0.3%,and 0.5%,respectively.The flow state of the liquid was observed,and the rheological mechanical properties of the self-assembled polypeptide were tested.The microstructure of polypeptide(mass fraction of 0.1%and 0.001%)-human serum albumin solution was observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Hydrogels could be formed between different volumes of polypeptide solution and platelet-rich plasma.Compared with platelet-rich plasma hydrogels,0.1%and 0.3%polypeptide-platelet-rich plasma hydrogels could alleviate the sudden release of epidermal growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor,and extend the release time to 48 hours.(2)After the addition of human serum albumin,the 0.1%polypeptide group still exhibited a flowing liquid,the 0.3%polypeptide group was semi-liquid,and the 0.5%polypeptide group stimulated self-assembly to form hydrogel.It was determined that human serum albumin in platelet-rich plasma could stimulate the self-assembly of polypeptides.With the increase of the mass fraction of the polypeptide,the higher the storage modulus of the self-assembled polypeptide,the easier it was to form glue.(3)Transmission electron microscopy exhibited that the polypeptide nanofibers were short and disordered before the addition of human serum albumin.After the addition of human serum albumin,the polypeptide nanofibers became significantly longer and cross-linked into bundles,forming a dense fiber network structure.Under a scanning electron microscope,the polypeptides displayed a disordered lamellar structure before adding human serum albumin.After the addition of human serum albumin,the polypeptides self-assembled into cross-linked and densely arranged porous structures.(4)In conclusion,the novel polypeptide can self-assemble triggered by platelet-rich plasma and the self-assembly effect can be accurately adjusted according to the ratio of human serum albumin to polypeptide.This polypeptide has a sustained release effect on the growth factors of platelet-rich plasma,which can be used as a new biomaterial for tissue repair.

Objective To evaluate the application of percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PTGD) in the treatment of acute calculous cholecystitis in 3 kinds of special population including the elderly, cirrhosis or mid and late-stage pregnant women. Methods Clinical data of 292 patients with acute calculous cholecystitis among 3 kinds of special population who underwent PTGD in Baoji Central Hospital of Shaanxi between January 2009 and December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The informed consents of all patients were obtained and the local ethical committee approval was received. There were 105 males and 187 females, aged from 22-91 and with a median age of 47 years old. 176 cases were elderly patients, 77 were with cirrhosis and 39 were mid and late-stage pregnant women. Ultrasound-guided PTGD was performed in the patients to relieve gallbladder tension rapidly, and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) was performed according to the patient's condition. Efficacy of cholecystitis control in elderly patients before and after PTGD as well as the efficacy of surgical treatment in patients with liver cirrhosis or mid and late-stage pregnant women were observed. Cholecystitis indexes before and after PTGD were compared using t test. Results Symptoms of elderly patients significantly improved 3 d after PTGD. The average WBC, C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were (9.8±0.5)×109/L, (22.0±1.3) μg/L and (0.15±0.02) μg/L, which were significantly lower than preoperative (12.5±0.4)×109/L, (35.0±2.8) μg/L and (0.25±0.03) μg/L, respectively (t=-18.725,-29.062, -21.287; P<0.05). Cholecystitis in 77 patients with liver cirrhosis were effectively controlled within 1 week after PTGD, including 66 received sequential LC and 1 converted to open cholecystectomy, with a length of operation (31±9) min, intraoperative blood loss (21±5) ml and postoperative length of hospital stay (4.3±0.6) d. Cholecystitis in 39 mid and late-stage pregnant women were effectively controlled 1 week after PTGD. These patients received elective LC during the period after PTGD to 1 month after delivery, including 1 converted to open cholecystectomy. Conclusions For patients with acute calculous cholecystitis in 3 kinds of special population including the elderly, those with cirrhosis or mid and late-stage pregnant women, PTGD can effectively control the cholecystitis with the advantages of simple operation, minimally invasive, safety and effectiveness, and sequential elective LC can reduce the risk of emergent surgery.