Objective To explore the feasibility and value of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) for acute cholecystitis complicated with incarcerated gallstones. Methods From January 2005 to December 2007,71 patients with acute cholecystitis complicated with incarcerated gallstones received laparoscopic cholecystectomy by using four trocars in our hospital. The Arteria cystica and ductus cysticus were operated successively. For widened ductus cysticus,we ligated the duct first and then cut it off. Afterwards,the wound on the liver bed and its margin were electrocoagulated. After the operation,a drainage tube was placed under the liver. Results Of the patients,the LC were successfully completed in 67 cases (94.4%),4 cases were converted to open surgery (2 of them had a disease course of less then 3 days,and one over 3 days). No biliary injury or death occurred in this series. The patients were discharged from hospital in 2-6 days (mean,3 days). No complication was found during a 6-month follow-up. Conclusions With the improvement of operator's proficiency and skills,LC becomes feasible and safe for acute cholecystitis complicated with incarcerated gallstones.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of early intervention of acupuncture on urinary function reconstruction of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, so as to find the optimal treatment timing of acupuncture.

METHODSFifty-three patients of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury were randomly divided into a prior-to-catheter group (25 cases) and a posterior-to-catheter group (28 cases). For the prior-to-catheter group, one week before the removal of catheter, acupoints on the abdomen and back such as Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Baliao (Shangliao (BL 31), Ciliao (BL 32), Zhongliao (BL 33), Xialiao (BL 34), Jiaji (EX-B 2) and acupoints at distal end such as Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected; after the catheter removal, simple method. of water column was used to measure bladder capacity pressure to classify the type of bladder, and then different acupuncture manipulations were given; intermittent catheterization was performed if condition was allowed. The posterior-to-catheter group applied identical treatment after removal of catheter as the prior-to-catheter group. The treatment was given 5 times per week; after one-month treatment, five aspects including the time of first effective urination, time of establishing reflex urination, average residual volume of urine, time of residual urine less than 100 mL and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the time of first effective urination, time of establishing reflex urination, average residual volume of urine and time of residual urineless than 100 mL in the prior-to-catheter group were all superior to those in the posterior-to-catheter group (all P<0. 05) ; the score of QOL was improved in two groups after treatment (both P<0. 01), but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P>0. 05); each index of urination function was not significant among patients with different injured segments of spinal cord (all P>0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe early intervention of acupuncture (prior to catheter) has obvious improving function on establishing balanced bladder in patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, which is superior to acupuncture intervention after removal of catheter, however, the effects of different injured segments on establishing balanced bladder are not different.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urination ; Young Adult

To investigate roles of nitric oxide (NO) signal in accumulations of phenolic acids in abscisic.acid (ABA)-induced Salvia miltiorrhiza hairy roots, S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots were treated with different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP)-an exogenous NO donor, for 6 days, and contents of phenolic acids in the hairy roots are determined. Then with treatment of ABA and NO scavenger (2-(4-carboxy-2-phenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1- oxyl-3-oxide, c-PTIO) or NO synthase inhibitor (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME), contents of phenolic acids and expression levels of three key genes involved in phenolic acids biosynthesis were detected. Phenolic acids production in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots was most significantly improved by 100 µmoL/L SNP. Contents of RA and salvianolic acid B increased by 3 and 4 folds. ABA significantly improved transcript levels of PAL (phenylalanine ammonia lyase), TAT (tyrosine aminotransferase) and RAS (rosmarinic acid synthase), and increased phenolic acids accumulations. However, with treatments of ABA+c-PTIO or ABA+L-NAME, accumulations of phenolic acids and expression levels of the three key genes were significantly inhibited. Both NO and ABA can increase accumulations of phenolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza hairy roots. NO signal probably mediates the ABA-induced phenolic acids production.
Abscisic Acid ; pharmacology ; Benzofurans ; metabolism ; Free Radical Scavengers ; pharmacology ; Hydroxybenzoates ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; metabolism ; Tyrosine Transaminase ; metabolism

Objective: To examine the therapeutic effects of dual dorsolateral prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on auditory hallucinations experienced by schizophrenic patients. Methods: A double-blind randomized controlled study was conducted. Totally 25 schizophrenic patients met DSM-Ⅳ criteria for schizophrenia and had anditory hallucination with stable antipsychotic drugs treatment were recruited. Subjects were grouped into active treatment subgroup and sham subgroup randomly. Measurements including the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) for clinical symptom and the Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) for side-effects were evaluated Results: Totally 25 subjects completed the trial. The treatment efficiency of active treatment group was higher than that of sham group (75% vs. 31%) .No overt side effects of rTMS were observed. Conclusion: It is effective for rTMS to treat schizophrenia with auditory hallucination at 1Hz. rTMS may be a new selection of schizophrenia treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare podophyllotoxin-loaded solid lipid (PPT-SLN) gel and establish its quality control method. METHODS: With stearic acid, stearylamine, soybean lecithin as cosurfactant and PPT as principal agent, PPT-SLN suspension was prepared by the method of emulsion evaporation and solidification at a low temperature, then prepared into PPT-SLN gel with carbomer used as gel matrix. The physicochemical properties of the preparation were investigated, the content and entrapment efficiency of PPT were determinated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The stability of the preparation was investigated as well. RESULTS: PPT-SLN gel appeared as lacte translucent semisolid, with its property and test results all in conformity with the related specification in Chinese Pharmacopoia (2005 edition). The nanoparticles were well-distributed in round or oval shape, with an average particle size of (105.3?34.7) nm, entrapment efficiency of 72.5% and pH value of (7.2?0.3). The preparation was stable within 6 months under room temperature. CONCLUSION: The preparation technology of PPT-SLN gel is feasible and its quality is controlable.

BACKGROUND:Surgical treatment is commonly used for decompressing the spinal cord in multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy, but the optimum anterior cervical reconstructive method has not been determined. OBJECTIVE:To compare and analyze the biomechanical characteristics of four anterior cervical reconstructive techniques in the surgical management of multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy utilizing the three-dimensional finite element model. METHODS:A three-dimensional finite element model of an intact C2–7 segment was developed and validated based on healthy adult male CT images. Four additional models were developed from the fusion model, including anterior cervical discectomy and fusion, anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion, anterior cervical hybrid decompression and fusion and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with Cage alone. Von Mises stresses on the plate and the disc of adjacent levels (C2/3, C6/7) were comparatively analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The C2/3 disc stress in flexion, extension, lateral bending and rotation condition was significantly higher than the C6/7 disc in 4 anterior cervical reconstructive techniques, and the adjacent disc stress (C2/3, C6/7) was lowest in the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with Cage alone, and highest in the anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion. (2) The stress at the plate-screw interface was highest in the anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion, and lowest in the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. (3) In conclusion, among the four anterior cervical reconstructive techniques for multilevel cervical spondylotic myelopathy, the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with Cage alone makes little effect on the adjacent disc stress, which might reduce the incidence of adjacent segment disease after fusion. However, the accompanying risk of the increased incidence of cage subsidence should never be neglected.

OBJECTIVETo compare therapeutic effects of red-hot needle therapy and filiform needle therapy on nodules of breast of the type of stagnation of liver-qi and phlegm coagulation.

METHODSSix hundred cases were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 300 cases in each group. The treatment group were treated with red-hot needle pricking at the proliferative parts and Ashi points as main, and the control group with filiform needle therapy.

RESULTSIn the treatment group, 240 cases were cured, 58 cases improved and 2 cases were not cured with an effective rate of 99.3%; and in the control group, 113 cases were cured, 165 cases improved and 22 were not cured with an effective rate of 92.7%, with a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONThe therapeutic effect of red-hot needle therapy is better than that of filiform needle therapy on nodules of breast of the type of stagnation of liver-qi and phlegm coagulation.

Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Female ; Fibrocystic Breast Disease ; etiology ; therapy ; Humans ; Middle Aged

We developed a high-efficiency microfluidic chip for extracting exosomes from human plasma. We collected peripheral blood from normal human, designed and fabricated a microfluidic chip based on nanoporous membrane and agarose gel electrophoresis to isolate exosomes. The extracted exosomes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, nanosight and Western blotting, the morphology, concentration and particle size of exosomes were identified and analyzed. Meanwhile, we used ultracentrifugation and microfluidic chip to isolate exosomes separately. The particle size and concentration of the exosomes extracted by two methods were compared and analyzed, and their respective extraction efficiency was discussed. Finally, the expression level of miRNA-21 in exosomes was analyzed by RT-PCR. The microfluidic chip isolated (in 1 hour) high-purity exosomes with size ranging from 30-200 nm directly from human plasma, allowing downstream exosomal miRNA analysis. By comparing with ultracentrifugation, the isolation yield of microfluidic chip was 3.80 times higher than ultracentrifugation when the volume of plasma sample less than 100 μL. The optimized parameters for exosome isolation by gel electrophoresis microfluidic chip were: voltage: 100 V; concentration of agarose gel: 1.0%; flow rate of injection pump: 0.1 mL/h. The gel electrophoresis microfluidic chips could rapidly and efficiently isolate the exosomes, showing great potential in the research of exosomes and cancer biomarkers.
Exosomes ; Humans ; MicroRNAs/genetics* ; Microfluidics ; Plasma ; Ultracentrifugation