[Objective] To search Zhang Taiyan’s prentice of medicine,study his effect of academic thought and academic method. [Method] Complete collection of periodicals in the Republic of China, with the research methods of philology, based on the academic history.[Result]Many famous disciples of Zhang Taiyan are from Jiangsu and Zhejiang,such as Lu Yuanlei,Xu Hengzhi,Zhang Cigong,Chen Cunren,Zhang Polang,Yu Yunxiu,Sun Shiyang. They inherited Zhang Taiyan’s effect of academic thought and academic method,such as widely collecting prescriptions and verifying,canoniz Changsha school,referring Chinese medicine in Japan,paying attention to the textual research.[Conclusion]Zhang Taiyan’s prentice of medicine made outstanding contributions to Chinese medicine. To search Zhang Taiyan and his prentice of medicine is helpful to study the medicine history of Wu and Yue area.

Objective To observe the effect of interferon (IFN) λ1 on the function of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) derived dendritic cells (DC) in adolescents with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.Methods A total of 34 adolescent patients with chronic HBV infection including 16 cases in immune clearance phase and 18 cases in immune tolerant phase,and 10 healthy youths were enrolled in the study.PBMC from all samples were isolated and then cultured according to the following 3 groups.IFN-λ1 group:cultured with IFN-λ1 only; normal group:cultured with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and recombinant human interleukin-4 (rhIL-4); combination group:cultured with IFN-λ1,rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4.The shape of DC was observed and the phenotypic patterns of CD83,CD80,CD86 and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR were characterized by flow cytometry.The levels of interleukin 12 (IL-12) and IFN-γ in the supernatant produced by DC were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Independent-samples t test was used to compare means between two groups and one-way ANOVA was used to compare means among multiple groups.Results In the IFN-λ1 group,the shape of adherent cells showed no change after 7 days of culture.In the normal group and combination group,typical morphology of mature state DC was observed.The expressions of phenotypic patterns of CD83,CD80,CD86 and HLA-DR in DC from immune tolerant phase patients were lower than those from healthy control youths and immune clearance phase patients (F=14.82-46.32,all P＜0.01).Co-stimuation of IFN-λ1 with rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4 up-regulated the expressions of phenotypic patterns on DC.Among patients both in immune tolerant phase and immune clearance phase,the expressions of CD83,CD80,CD86 and HLA-DR in the combination group were higher than those in normal group (t=3.16-5.69,all P＜0.01).In the normal group,the levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ in culture supernatants from healthy aldolescents were (287.25 ± 19.78) pg/mL and (56.38 ± 15.27)pg/mL,respectively; those from patients in immune tolerant phase were (198.42±22.28) pg/mL and (29.36±8.45) pg/mL,respectively; those from patients in immune clearance phase were (256.12±18.43) pg/mL and (38.38±9.72) pg/mL,respectively (F=69.22 for IL-12,F=20.29 for IFN-γ,both P＜0.01).IFN-λ1 combined with rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4 significantly up-regulated the secretion of IL-12 and IFN-γ by matured DC from patients both in immune tolerant phase and immune clearance phase (t=4.69-8.55,all P＜0.01).Conclusions In adolescent patients with chronic HBV infection,the DC function is markedly impaired in those in immune tolerant phase,compared with patients in immune clearance phase and healthy youths.IFN-λ1 can promote the maturation and phenotypic pattern expression of PBMC derived DC in adolescents with chronic HBV infection both in immune tolerant phase and immune clearance phase.

Objective To explore the effect of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia in inflammatory reaction. Methods Mouse MSCs were isolated and purified by adherence screening. The routinely cultured BV2 microglia in vitro were divided into PBS control group (group A),PBS plus MSCs treatment group(group B),LPS stimulation group(group C) and LPS plus MSCs group(group D).MSCs and BV2 microglia were cultured in the transwell co-culture system for 24 hours. We observed BV2 microglia morphological changes under the microscope,detected the concentrations of NO by Griess reaction,and the level of IL-1β,TNF-αby ELISA. Results MSCs can improve the morphology of activated microglia. The concentrations of TNF-a, IL-1βand N0 in culture supernatants were increased significantly (P < 0.05) after microglia activation, however, at the present of MSCs,the concentration of these inflammatory factors declined dramaticly (P<0.05). Conclusions MSCs can significantly inhibit the activation of microglia. It may play a neuroprotective effect by reducing the inflammation of microglia. MSCs showing anti-inflammatory effects through non-direct contact with nicroglial, suggesting that MSCs outside the brain may also inhibit the activation of microglia.

AIM:To explore the effect of homocysteine (Hcy)-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress on lipid metabolism in hepatocytes.METHODS: HepG2 cells used in the study were treated with 5 mmol/L Hcy. The concentrations of Hcy, triglycerides (TGE) and cholesterol (CHO) in the cells were measured. In high methionine diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia C57BL/6 mice, the concentrations of TGE and CHO in hepatocytes were analyzed. The mRNAs and proteins expressions of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP-78) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP-1) were also assessed.RESULTS: The concentrations of Hcy and lipids (TGE, CHO) in HepG2 cells at different time point were elevated after treated with 5 mmol/L Hcy (P0.05,vs 0 week). The mRNAs and proteins expressions of GRP-78 and SREBP-1 in mice at different time point after high methionine diet were higher than that at 0 week (P

Objective To develop a multiple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique based assay for rapid detection of vanA, vanB, vanD and vanM in high-level vancomycin-resistant enterococci.Methods After analyzing the uncleotide sequence divergence among D-Ala∶D-Lac ligase genes, an multiplex PCR assay for vanA, vanB, vanD and vanM genes in high-level vancomycin-resistant enterococci were designed.By using recombination plasmids containing vanA, vanB, vanD and vanM genes as positive control, and non-vancomycin resistant enterococci (non-VRE) common pathogenic bacterial DNA as negative control, the sensitivity and specificity of the assay were evaluated.Fifty vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolates were detected by the assay.Fifty clinical strains of VRE were isolated from 9 hospitals in Shanghai from January 2006 to December 2014.The results were compared with the conventional PCR and sequencing methods.Results The identity of the D-Ala∶D-Lac ligase genes were 60.8%-71.3% of vanA, vanB, vanD and vanM genes.The multiplex PCR assay could identify the genotypes of the positive control samples accurately.No false positive results were found in negative control samples.Among fifty VRE strains detected by the assay, 18 were vanA genotype and 32 were vanM genotype.Comparison of the multiplex PCR assay and sequencing methods revealed sensitivity and specificity of 100%.The detection limit of the assay was 2×10 copies/PCR reaction.The experiment could be done within 3.5 h.Conclusions A multiplex PCR assay is developed to rapid identify the genotype of the high-level vancomycin-resistant enterococci, which can be used for the molecular epidemiology research and detection of VRE.

Objective To study the oxidative stress in diabetic rat pancreas,and the changes of islet function after intervention of Fosinopril.Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,diabetes group and Fosinopril treated group.The diabetes was induced by feeding the rats from diabetes group and Fosinopril group with high fat diet for 3 weeks and then once intraperitoneal injection of STZ(35 mg/kg),while additionally Fosinopril(5 mg/kg) was given to the diabetic rats in Fosinopril treated group.Blood glucose,body weight,nitrotyrosine levels in pancreatic tissues were detected and the histopathologic changes of pancreatic tissues were observed.Results Nitrotyrosine content was significantly higher in diabetes group than that in control group(P

By using the Medical Case Inquiry System and registries of infant's birth,the number of women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM)and the total number of women delivering in the First and Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University,Chongqing Xinqiao Hospital,and Chongqing Health Center For Women and Children from 2005 to 2009 were obtained.The data of 540 pregnant women with GDM were further analyzed.From 2005 to 2009,the incidence of GDM increased from 2.29% to 3.81 %(P<0.05).The diagnosis of GDM was made earlier by 28.0 weeks in 2009 compared with 31.3 weeks in 2005(P<0.05).Body mass index during GDM diagnosis manifested a growing trend(25.6-28.1 kg/m2),but no significance(P>0.05).From 2005 to 2009,the other related factors,including the average maternal age,the constituent ratio of women with advanced maternal age,pregnancy history,delivery history,and family history of diabetes showed insignificant changes(P>0.05).

The pathogenesis and treatments based on meridian differentiation of senile dementia are discussed through analyses and researches on the theory of "cerebral collaterals injury by toxins" and "collateral diseases". The symptoms of "Cerebral collaterals injury by toxins" are preliminary characterized by toxins and blood stasis occluding brain collaterals. "Cerebral collateral injury by toxins" and "Governor Vessel occlusion by blood stasis" are taken as the major pathogeneses of senile dementia. And the treatment should be focused on clearing the collaterals. Clearance acting as reinforcing as well as to clear and modify the Governor Vessel are taken as crucial sections in the treatment of senile dementia based on meridian differentiation. It is also the application of acupuncture-moxibustion intervention in senile dementia based on the theory of "cerebral collateral injury by toxins", which expands the application of the theory concerning "collateral diseases" in disease prevention and treatment with acupuncture-moxibustion.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Alzheimer Disease ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; therapy ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Meridians ; Toxins, Biological ; metabolism ; pharmacology

Objective To evaluate the effect of gastric compound on patients with middle-late gastric cancer of spleen deficiency and stasis toxin. Methods Ninety patients with middle-late gastric cancer of spleen deficiency and stasis toxin were randomly divided into combined group, chemotherapy group, and gastric compound group, 30 cases in each group. Patients in the combined group were treated with gastric compound and chemotherapy;patients in the chemotherapy group were treated with placebo;patients in the gastric compound group were treated with gastric compound. The changes of QLQ-C30 scale integral, fatigue scale intergral, TCM symptom intergral, Karnofsky integral, and toxic and side effects of digestive tract and myelosuppression were observed to evaluate the effect of gastric compound on quality of life in patients. Results The changes of QLQ-C30 scale integral, fatigue scale intergral, TCM symptom intergral, Karnofsky intergal in combined group were better than those in chemotherapy group and gastric compound group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The changes of fatigue scale intergral and TCM symptom intergral in gastric compound group were better than those in chemotherapy group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The myelosuppression and toxic and side effects of digestive tract of combined group was lighter than those of chemotherapy group, with statistical significance (P<0.01). Conclusion Gastric compound combined with chemotherapy can improve quality of life in patients with middle-late gastric cancer of spleen deficiency and stasis toxin, and reduce myelosuppression and toxic and side effects of digestive tract.

Adult ; Aged ; Brain ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology