Glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP-1) is an important member of incretin.Takingitoralymay stimulate the terminal ileum and colon L cel s to secrete GLP-1. After GLP-1 biding specific receptor GLP-1 receptor ( GLP-1R), it exerts the roles of promoting glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon secretion, and decreasing plasma glucagon level. The molecular mass of GLP-1 is relatively smal er and can directly cross the blood-brain barrier, and both central and peripheral nervous systems have the GLP-1R expression. GLP-1 significantly improves neurological deficits and reduces infarct volume. It may exert neuroprotective effect through the mechanisms of inhibiting the inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and cel apoptosis. This article review s the discovery of GLP-1, its biological characteristics and neuroprotective effect in cerebral ischemia.

Objective To observe the effect of acute cerebral infarction treated with FPD.Methods 50 cases of acute cerebral infarction patient were treated with FPD as observation group according to the diagnostic standard that made in 1986,Other 50 cases of comparable patirnt were as control so that to compare the curative effect.Results The nerve function deficiency in observation group was maredry hower than.Concusions FDP could reach an obvions effect that treat acute cercbral infarction via some aspecta.

Objective:To explore the correlation between the characteristics of contrast-enhanced sonography of intraoperative glioblastoma multiform (GBM) and molecular markers of isocitrate dehydrogenase-1(IDH1).Methods:A retrospective analysis were performed in 30 patients who underwent neurosurgery and pathologically confirmed to be GBM at Beijing Tiantan Hospital from May 2018 to April 2019. All neurosurgical glioblastoma patients after craniotomy underwent conventional ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) guided navigation. The characteristics of the ultrasound imaging (whether the tumor involves the structure of the corpus callosum, the clarity of the tumor boundary after enhanced ultrasound and whether the tumor has necrotic areas with enhanced ultrasound images) were analyzed. The ratio between tumor necrosis area and whole tumor area (N/W) was measured, and the correlation with IDH1 gene expression was analyzed.Results:There were statistical differences in clarity of tumor boundary after CEUS and tumor necrosis after CEUS between positive IDH1 and negative IDH1 groups(all P<0.05). The positive expression of IDH1 was negatively correlated with the N/W area of the contrast-enhanced ultrasound mode( r=-0.756, P<0.05), suggesting that the expression level of IDH1 gene was negatively correlated with the area of tumor necrosis. Conclusions:Ultrasound contrast agent examination can more accurately distinguish the active proliferation area, hemorrhagic necrosis area and peripheral edema area of glioblastoma. Accurately identifying the extent of tumor necrosis area through ultrasound contrast agent examination can predict expression of IDH1.

Objective:To investigate the status of professional identity among student nurses and explore its influential factors.Methods:A total of 1,302 student nurses from 3 universities of different levels in Shaanxi Province were selected using stratified and cluster random sampling method and investigated by adopting Professional Identity Questionnaire for Nurse Students (PIQNS).Results:Student nurses in Shaanxi Province scored (57.56 ± 12.55) in professional identity,of which the lowest was independence of career choice in the 5 dimensions.It showed that educational status,gender,and the reasons to choose nursing specialty correlated to student nurses' professional identity (P ＜0.05).Conclusions:The professional identity of student nurses especially for the undergraduate nurses is not high,which should cause the attention of the nursing educators and nursing managers to stabilize nursing team.

Objectives:To explore the relationship between sleep quality and coping styles in cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.Methods:68 cervical cancer patients were assessed by convenient sampling,who had been investigated with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Jalowiec coping scale (JCS-60).Results:Global PSQI score was (8.60 ± 4.47).Optimistic coping scored highest with score of (2.11 ± 0.45),which was the style most often applied by cervical cancer patients.Emotive coping scored lowest with score of (0.97 ± 0.62).Among 60 coping items,Hoped that things would get better was the most often used coping strategy,Took a drink to make yourself feel better was the least used coping strategy.Global PSQI score was positively correlated with fatalistic coping(r =0.325,P =0.008).Confrontive coping was positively correlated with subjective sleep quality score(r =0.318,P =0.009),while supportive coping was negatively related to subjective sleep quality score(r =-0.306,P =0.013),and palliative was negatively related to daytime dysfunction(r =-0.245,P =0.047).Gonclusions:Sleep problems are a common complaint in cervical cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy.Health care workers should guide the patients to adopt active coping styles to improve sleep quality.

AIM: To search for the potent telomerase inhibitors with structures of cationic porphyrins to improve the interactions between G-quadruplex and porphyrins by systematically varying the meso substituents. METHOD: Porphyrins bearing mixed 3-quinolyl/3-pyridyl meso groups were synthesized using the Adler-Longo method by condensation of aldehydes with pyrrole, followed by methylation and ion-exchange. The compounds were tested for the telomerase inhibitory activity and c-Myc inhibitory activity. RESULT: All compounds were found to be potent and approximately equivalent in terms of their ability to inhibit the action of telomerase in a cell-free assay. Compound 4 had the best inhibitory activity on c-Myc.

AIM:To search for the potent telomerase inhibitors with structures of cationic porphyrins to improve the interactions between G-quadruplex and porphyrins by systematically varying the meso substituents.METHODS:Porphyrins bearing mixed 3-quinolyl/4-pyridyl meso groups were synthesized using the Adler-Longo method by condensation of aldehydes with pyrrole,and then followed by methylation and ion exchange.The compounds were tested for the telomerase inhibitory activity and c-Myc inhibitory activity.RESULTS:All compounds were found to be potent and approximately equivalent in terms of their ability to inhibit the action of telomerase in a cell-free assay.Compound 4 had the best inhibitory activity on c-Myc.CONCLUSION:Cationic porphyrins would be the potential anticancer candidates.

Objective:To examine the effect of penetrating humanistic care educationin to gynecological clinical practice teaching to nursing students′humanistic care ability. Methods:A total of 236 nursing students in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University were allocated to the experimental group ( n=123 ) with the clinical practice teaching methods, of which the core was training humanistic care ability, while the control group ( n=113) in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University with the routine method, which mainly trained the operating skills. The humanistic caring ability between these two group students was compared. Results: Be-fore the internship, there was no statistical significance between the two groups (P>0. 05). After the internship, the rewere no significant difference ( P>0 . 05 ) in the scores of assisting to meet the basic needs,providing a good environment, andhelping to solve the difficulty. For the dimensions ofinfusing faith and hope,health education,humanistic and altruistic value,solving health problems scientifically,promoting emotional com-munication, and the total scale, the scores were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0. 05). Conclusion:In the clinical practice teaching, permeating humanistic care education helps to improve the nursing students′ability of humanistic care.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and biochemical parameters of diabetic nephropathy patients , and to understand the occurrence of chronic complications such as kidney diseases. Methods From February 1, 2017 to November 30, 2020, 352 patients with type 2 diabetes aged between 35 and 70 years with diabetes lasting more than 10 years were selected for study. According to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (EGFR), the patients were divided into two groups, in which the patients with EGRF were less than 15mL/min/1.73m2, and they suffered from ESRD and underwent hemodialysis. The subjects in the second group were reclassified into three groups according to their urinary albumin excretion, including microalbuminuria, massive albuminuria and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To analyze the hematological and biochemical parameters in different stages of diabetic nephropathy. Results Among 232 patients with nephropathy, 96 cases (41.38%) had microalbuminuria, 43 cases (18.53%) had albuminuria and 91 cases (39.22%) had end-stage renal disease (ESRD).The remaining 120 patients (34.09%) did not develop nephropathy. Patients with kidney disease are older, with an average age (SD) of 55.62 6.00 years, and diabetes lasts longer (19.04 6.33 years). The BMI of patients with kidney disease is lower than that of patients without kidney disease. Among them, insulin resistance, elevated uric acid level, low red blood cell count and low hemoglobin level are related to the significantly increased risk of albuminuria and ESRD. Elevated levels of uric acid and LDH are associated with significantly increased risk of microalbuminuria and ESRD, while elevated red blood cell distribution width is associated with significantly increased risk of ESRD. Conclusion Diabetic nephropathy is related to insulin resistance, changes of liver enzymes and uric acid, as well as abnormal red blood cell count and red blood cell shape, which need to be monitored frequently by diabetic nephropathy patients.

Objective: To investigate the household eye hygiene among students at grades 3 to 5 in primary schools in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality, so as to provide insights into the management of myopia among children and adolescents. Methods: Students at grades 3 to 5 in primary schools were sampled in Jinshan District using a stratified cluster sampling method from December 2021 to January 2022. The household reading environments were observed, including the height of the learning desk and chair, desk surface color and strength. The duration of reading and writing, duration of watching TV and videos, duration of outdoor activities, duration of sleep and eye use behaviors and habits after school and at weekends were investigated using questionnaires. Results: A total of 330 primary school students were surveyed, including 179 boys (54.24%) and 151 girls (45.76%), and there were 36.36% grade 3 primary school students, 36.36% grade 4 students and 27.27% grade 5 students. There were 94.24% of primary school students that used the desk and chair with heights mismatched to students' heights, 25.45% that used desks with dark surface, 26.67% that used desks with light reflection, and 48.48% that used desk lamps with an illumination intensity of <300 lx. There were 56.36% of students with reading and writing duration of 1 h and longer, 15.76% with watching duration of 0.5 h and longer, 86.97% with outdoor activity duration of <1 h and 88.48% with sleep duration of <10 h after school, and 42.42% with reading and writing duration of 2 h and longer, 29.70% with watching duration of 1 hour and longer, 65.45% with outdoor activity duration of <2 h and 55.76% with sleep duration of <10 h at weekends. There were 30.91% of primary school students with 10 cm distance from chest to desk, 26.36% with 33 cm distance from eyes to books and 35.15% with 3 cm distance from fingers to pen points when reading and writing, and 35.45% with >3 m distance from TV, 40.91% with >50 cm distance from computers, and 22.73% with >40 cm distance from cell phones when watching TV or videos. Conclusions The household eye use environments remain to be improved, and there are poor eye use behaviors among primary school students at grades 3 to 5 in Jinshan District, Shanghai Municipality; notably, mismatch between the desk and chair height and students' body height and inadequate sleep are common.