Objective To examine ultrastructural features of the arteriole responsible for intracerebral hemorrhage or the perforating branches artery around hematoma in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage and explore the mechanism of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Methods Twelve hypertensive patients with CT proved intracerebral hemorrhage underwent operation. The small artery specimens were obtained through cortex fistula and their ultrastructures were observed under the electron microscope. Results Twelve specimens including 4 cases of duty arteriolae and 8 cases of perforating branch arteriolae were collected, Different degrees of degeneration were observed in three layers of the arteriola in all 12 specimens. Changes in endothelial cells included endothelial cell necrosis, collapse, or fallen of from endomembrane, accompanied by degeneration of internal elastic membrane, such as uneven thickness, absence of intermittent and medial smooth muscle cell necrosis. Myofilaments in the cytoplasm were condensed to form a high electron-dense cytoplasm. No micro-aneurysm was observed. Conclusions The pathological changes of cerebral small artery walls load-bearing layer in hypertensive patients include internal elastic layer rupture, smooth muscle layer of degeneration, decreased elasticity and increased fragility. Small artery walls may rupture, resulting in bleeding under the condition of rapid dynamic changes of blood flow.

Objective To determine the diagnostic value and necessity of excretory phase of CT urogrphy (CTU). Methods One hundred and one cases with 197 sides of cohort CTU studies were enrolled from PACS system retrospectively, and 44 cases had the records of radiation dosage. Three different seniority senior radiologists reviewed the images and diagnosed 2 times blindly with the clinical information. At the first time, plane scan, contrast enhanced renal cortical phase and renal parenchymal phase images (Diag. A) were reviewed. At the second time, with 3 kinds of images mentioned above plus excretive phase images (Diag. B) were reviewed, with interval of 3 months between the two reviews. With Diag. B as reference standard, accordance rate of diagnoses of Diag. A was calculated. The difference of the 3 rediologists's accordance rates were analyzed with Chi-square test, and the lesions with accordance rate ≤80% were recorded. The cases of 197 urinary tracts were divided into 4 groups: lesions of renal pelvic and ureter, lesions of bladder, lesions of kidney and extra-urinary tract, without lesion. The filling of contrast media in the urinary tract was recorded with 5-scale scoring system. The differences of the urinary tract filling among the 4 groups were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test. The effective radiation dosages of CTU with and without excretory phase scan were recorded and calculated, and the difference was analyzed with t test. Result The diagnostic accordance rate of CTU with and without excretory phase of the 3 radiologists was 95.4%(188/197), 93.9%(185/197), 92.4%(182/197)respectively(χ2=1.60, P>0.05). Lesions with diagnostic rate≤80%were parapelvic cyst and caliceal diverticulum. The median score of urinary tracts filling in the lesions of renal pelvic and ureter, lesions of bladder, lesions of kidney and extra-urinary tract, without lesion group were 2, 3, 3, 4, and the differences were significant (HC=31.7, P<0.05). The effective radiation dosages of CTU with and without excretory phase scan were (32.36±11.04)mSv and (41.47±14.27) mSv respectively (t=3.35, P<0.01). Conclusions No significant effect of excretive phase imaging is found on the diagnosis of most urinary system diseases. Poor contrast filling and high rate of failure of filling of the urinary tract with intra luminal pathologies, and increase of the radiation dosage make the excretory phase scan in CTU less useful and it should be used carefully and selectively.

Objective To study the feasibility of Brainlab plus 6-degree-of-freedom(6D) couch in the radiotherapy of head and neck by using their setup error.Methods Twenty-four patients with head and neck neoplasms in our hospital during AugustOctober 2016 were taken as the examples.After positioning by technician,each Brainlab was carried out,the setup errors in 3 translation directions of left-to-right(X),head-to-foot(Y) and abdomen to-back(Z) and 3 pivoting directions of Rx,Ry and Rz were obtained after registration of positioned CT image.After adjustment,Brainlab re-scanning was conducted for getting corrected errors.Results The online correction by Brainlab plus 6D obviously reduced the setup errors.The setup errors in all directions approached to 0,in which the difference between Ry and Rz directions had no statistical significance(P＞0.05),while the difference among the X,Y,Z and RX directions was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The online corrections of Brainlab combined with 6D considerably reduces the errors in translation and rotation directions in radiotherapy of head and neck neoplasms,thus reduces normal tissue received amount and increases the radiotherapeutic accuracy.

Objective To explore the A2AR activation after traumatic brain injury mechanisms and the role of excessive tau protein phosphorylation.Methods With no specific mice experiment research of specific pathogens, position in the left parietal cortex in mice, by the method of controllable cortical against brain trauma model model, 15 min after injury in mice abdominal injection of A2AR specific inhibitors ZM241385 or use A2AR knockout mice, testing the brain neuron loss and tau protein phosphorylation level;Use specific agonists CGS21680 activate the original generation of nerve cells in the hippocampus and the A2AR human neuroblastoma cells, using immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence test tua protein phosphorylation level of change, to observe axon transport function of mitochondria.Results Immunohistochemical results accumulation of optical density analysis showed that inhibition of A2AR activation can significantly reduce after cerebral trauma Ser404 tua protein loci phosphorylation levels, reduce excessive tua protein phosphorylation with nerve pathological change;A2AR activation after tua phosphorylation of proteins at a Ser404 site level increased significantly, nerve axons per unit length processes in the mitochondria number decreased significantly, resulting in axoplasmic transport dysfunction;To activate the original generation of nerve cells in the hippocampus and after the A2AR human neuroblastoma cells, tua protein phosphorylation Ser404 locus levels increased significantly.Conclusion A2AR activation after cerebral trauma has obvious influence on tua protein phosphorylation levels, may be a function by influencing the axoplasmic transport, eventually forming cognitive dysfunction.

Objective To analyze and evaluate changes of the brain gray matter in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods 46 patients with PD and 19 normal control(NC) subjects(matched to the patients in age and gender) were selected in this study.46 cases of PD were divided into early PD group(ePD,25 cases) and middle-advanced PD group(maPD,21 cases) by improved Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y) stages.All the subjects underwent 3.0T MR scanning,and data of high resolution T1-weighted imageing (T1WI) were acquired.Gray matter volume differences between PD group and NC group,or ePD group and maPD group were assessed by voxel-based morphometry (VBM) combined diffeomorphic anatomical registration through exponentiated lie (DARTEL) method.Results The gray matter volume of the bilateral frontal lobes, temporal lobes, insular lobes, cingulum gyrus, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, cerebellum and right cuneus lobe and precuneus lobe in the PD group was smaller than that in the NC group.The gray matter volume of the bilateral frontal lobes, temporal lobes,insular lobes,cingulum gyrus,rectus gyrus,lingualis gyrus,fusiform gyrus,hippocampus,amygdaloid and cerebellum in the maPD group was smaller than that in the ePD group.Conclusion VBM reveals a widespread volume reduction of the gray matter in PD patients,and detectes a correlation with disease duration and severity.These changes located in special distribution may be in line with the pathology of PD.

The mRNA expressions of chemerin and its receptor CMKLR1 in adipose tissue of OLETF rats and LETO rats were detected by real-time PCR. The results showed that the two genes mRNA expressions in subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in OLETF group were significantly higher than those in LETO group (P< 0.05 or P<0.01) and expressions of them in visceral adipose tissue were higher than those in subcutaneous adipose tissue(P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), suggesting that chemerin and CMKLR1 may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of toxoplasma gondii (Tox),rubella virus (RV),cytomegalovirus (CMV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) infections (TORCH infections) among childbearing-age population in Henan province.Methods Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect plasma TORCH IgM and IgG among 3084 childbearing-age men and women from theFirst Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University during July and September,2011.The positive rates of anti-TORCH antibodies were compared among the various age and gender groups by x2 test.Results The total positive rate of anti-TORCH IgM was 5.5％ (170/3084),in which the positive rate of anti-RV IgM was the highest (2.9％),followed by anti-HSV IgM (1.0％).Within positive rate of anti-TORCH IgG,anti-HSV IgG was the highest (90.4％),followed by anti-CMV IgG (89.7％),RV IgG (48.1％) and Tox IgG (0.7％).The positive rate of anti-TORCH IgM was the lowest in individuals aged ＞ 30-40 year old.With the age increasing,the positive rates of anti-Tox IgG,anti-CMV IgG and anti-HSV IgG increased,but the positive rate of anti-RV IgG decreased.Women had higher positive rates of anti-CMV IgG and antiHSV IgG than men (x2 =83.470 and 7.026,P ＜ 0.O1).Conclusions Current infection of TORCH exists in childbearing-age population of Henan province,and the positive rate of anti-RV IgG is low.It is recommended to screen for TORCH infection in childbearing-age men and women.

Objective To study whether osteoblast is necessary for IGF-Ⅰ to promote bone resorption by osteoclast.Methods Mouse MC3T3 osteoblast cells and mature osteoclasts induced by RANKL were cultured in vitro.These osteoblasts and osteoclasts were subjected to treatment with recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-1 (rhIGF-Ⅰ),and the activation of IGF-Ⅰ receptor was verified by Western blotting.Thereafter,osteoclasts were cultured individually or co-cultured with osteoblast,in the absence or presence of rhIGF-Ⅰ.Osteoclast proliferation and apoptosis were observed by MTT colorimetric assay and flow cytometry.Cathepsin K gene expression was detected by real-time PCR; bone adsorption activity of osteoclast was determined by resorption pits formation on calf cortex slice with toluidine blue staining.Results Western blotting result confirmed that rhIGF-Ⅰ could effectively activate IGF-Ⅰ receptors either in osteoblast or osteoclast.In co-cultured group,in the presence of rhIGF-Ⅰ osteoclast showed inhibited apoptosis,enhanced proliferation and up-regulated cathepsin K expression (P ＜ 0.05).The functional experiment revealed that osteoclasts collected from IGF-Ⅰ treated co-cultured group resulted in more resorption pits formation (P ＜ 0.05); rhIGF-Ⅰ did not show any significant effect on the individually cultured osteoclasts.Conclusion Osteoblast is necessary for osteoclast induced bone resorption resulting from IGF-Ⅰ treatment.

Our earlier research has shown that mono-substituted N-phenyl-2, 2-dichloroacetamide exhibited much higher anti-cancer activity than the lead compound sodium dichloroacetate (DCA). In this paper, a variety of multi-substituted N-phenyl-2, 2-dichloroacetamides were synthesized and biologically evaluated. The results showed that 3, 5-disubstituted N-phenyl-2, 2-dichloroacetamide analogues had satisfactory potency. Among them, N-(3, 5-diiodophenyl)-2, 2-dichloroacetamide had an IC50 of 2.84 micromol x L(-1) against non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 and could induce cancer cell apoptosis.

Objective To investigate the current situation and related risk factors of healthcare-associated infection (HAI),so as to provide evidence for making prevention and control measures of HAI.Methods On November 26, 2014,a combination method of bedside visiting and medical record reviewing was adopted to survey HAI status, pathogen examination,and antimicrobial application in all hospitalized patients in a tertiary first class military hospi-tal.Results A total of 1 657 hospitalized patients were investigated,66 patients developed 71 times of HAI,HAI rate and HAI case rate were 3.98% and 4.28% respectively.The top 4 departments with HAI prevalence rates were departments of neurosurgery (24.49%),hematology(19.05%),cadre ward(13.73%),and burn surgery (10.91 %).The top 5 HAI sites were lower respiratory tract (40.85%),urinary tract(23.94%),upper respirato-ry tract(12.68%),surgical site(9.86%),and gastrointestinal tract(5.63%).Of 66 cases of HAI,39 (59.09%) patients sent specimens for culture,a total of 48 pathogens were cultured,the major isolated bacteria was Esche-richia coli (n = 10,20.84%),followed by Staphylococcus aureus ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,each was 7 (14.58 %)respectively.The usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 34.40%,specimen de-tection rate in patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic+prophylactic antimicrobial agents was 59.28%.Risk factors for HAI were age <2 years old or >60 years,with respirator,tracheotomy,urinary tract catheterization, arteriovenous catheterization,hemodialysis,and surgery,difference was significant(all P <0.05).Conclusion Mo-nitoring on key departments and key sites of HAI should be strengthened,antimicrobial agents should be used rationally based on pathogenic detection results,specimen pathogenic detection rate should be improved,and effective prevention and control measures needs to be taken according to the risk factors of HAI.