Objective To investigate the protective effect of non-wounded ischemic preconditioning (N-WIP) on lung ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods Two animal models with N-WIP and the classical ischemic preconditioning respectively were used. Forty New Zealand White rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, each group having 10 animals: control group (C), ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R), classical ischemic preconditioning group (C-IP), and N-WIP group. Lung injury was assessed by arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), wet to dry weight ratio (W/D), activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) and level of malondialdehyde (MDA).Results In I/R group, PaO2 was descended constantly, especially within 30 min after reperfusion. PaO2 and the activities of SOD, GSH-PX in serum and lung tissue in N-WIP group and C-IP group were both significantly higher than those in I/R group (P

Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of different doses of ultrafine extracted granule preparation (EGP) and traditional herbal decoction (THD) of Li Zhong Tang in treatment of epigastric pain. Methods Sixty cases of epigastric pain patients in accordance with the diagnostic criteria of deficiency and cold pattern of spleen and stomach in TCM were randomly divided into THD group, 1/3 dose group and 1/5 dose group, and were given THD, 1/3 dose of ultrafine EGP and 1/5 dose of ultrafine EGP, respectively. The clinical efficacy of the three groups after one course of medication was comparatively analyzed. Results There were no significant differences in age, course of disease, symptom score before treatment, epigastric pain efficacy and syndrome curative effect among the three groups, the differences had no statistical significance (P>0.05). The severity, frequency and duration of epigastric pain were all reduced in the three groups, with significant differences between before and after treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion There are no significant differences in the clinical efficacy on epigastric pain among THD, 1/3 dose of ultrafine EGP and 1/5 dose of ultrafine EGP. In addition, the effect of 1/3 dose group is very close to the THD group.

Objective:To investigate the clinical significance of changes of platelet count after splenectomy in patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension.Methods:In this study,from January 2002 to January 2006,the platelet count and liver function in 153 splenomegaly and hypersplenism due to cirrhosis patients who had been carried out splenectomy were selected.The change tendency of platelet count was observed,the relationship of changes of platelet count and liver function was analysed,and compared with patients of spleen trauma.Results:Postoperative platelet count was higher than preoperatively in most patients with cirrhosis,the portion did not elevate,even decreased.The change tendency of platelet count was correlated with the liver function.The change in cirrhosis patients is not more than patients of spleen trauma.Conclusions:The reason of thrombocytopenia in patients with cirrhosis may be correlated with the change of liver function besides the splenomegaly.

AIM: To develop a HPLC method to determine emodin and chrysophanol in Shierwei Chiyinkang Powder (Gypsumseu Calcitum, Radix et Rhizoma Rhei, Herba Asari, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii, Radix Gentianae, Pericarpium Zanthoxyli, etc.). METHODS: The sample was made referring to China Pharmacopoeia(2000) and determined by HPLC. The separation was performed on a Shim pack CIC ODS column (150mm?5mm, 4.5?m) with a mobile phase of methanol 0.1% H 3PO 4 solution (40∶9). The flow rate was 1.3mL?min -1 and the detective wavelength was set at 254nm. RESULTS: The emodin and chrysophanol in sample were separated. The square linear ranges were 0.52～5.28?m?mL -1 ( r =0.9999) and 0.96～9.60?m?mL -1 ( r=0.9999 ), respectively, and the average recoveries were 98.62% and 98.57% for emodin and chrysophanol, respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is sensitive and accurate for the determination of emodin and chrysophanol in the sample.

BACKGROUND: Allergic airway inflammation (AAI) is the pathological basis of pathogenesis of asthma. Manghua decoction, from Zhang Zhongjing's "On cold damage", is the basic recipe for treating asthma, its addminus recipe is widely used in clinic now.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of mahuang decoction on allergic airway inflammation in asthmatic mouse.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation SETTING: Staff Room of Internal Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong University of Pharmacy.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in the Animal Laboratory of Guangdong College of Pharmacy and Laboratory of Pathology, Guangdong University of Pharmacy from March 2003 to February 2004. Totally 36 mice were recruited.METHODS: Mice were randomly divided into normal control group, asthma group and treatment group, with 12 in each one. The mice in the control group were given intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 mL of normal saline on day 1,7,14 and 21 separately. From 28th day, the mice were given intragastric administration of normal saline of 0.5 mL for 60 minutes followed by water spray(only normal saline ) for 30 minutes , for consecutive 7 days.The mice in the asthma group were given intraperitoneal injection of normal saline of 0.2 mL containing egg albumin (10 μg) and aluminium hydroxide (20 mg) on day 1, 7, 14 and 21 separately. From 28th day, the mice were given intragastric administration of normal saline of 0.5 mL for 60 minutes followed by water spray (normal saline containing egg albumin of 50 g/L) for 30 minutes, for consecutive 7 days. Sensitization and stimulati on of the mice in the treatment group were the same as that in the asthma group. Intragastric administration of mahuang decoction of 0.5 mL was performed 60 minutes before spray. The procedure was conducted for consecutive 7 days. The pathologic change and the lung tissues expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) of the mice in each group were analyzed with hamatoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of airway infiltration cells and lung tissue IFN-γand IL-4 of the mice in each group RESULTS: Totally 36 mice entered the stage of result analysis with no loss in the midway. ① Inflammation of the mice relieved obviously in the treatment group than in the asthma group, and the number of the inflammatory cells in or around bronchi of the mice was significantly less in the treatment group than in the asthma group . ② The number of IL-4 and IFN-γ was significantly increased in the asthma group than in the normal control group, among which , the number of IL-4 was more significant, and the ratio of IFN-γ / IL-4 was decreased. However, the number of IL-4 on the treatment group was significantly decreased, and that of IFN-γ was remarkably increased , and the ratio of IFN-γ / IL-4 was significantly increased as compared with that in the asthma group.CONCLUSION: Asthmatic mice might exist the disequilibrium of Th1/Th2 subgroup. Mahuang decoction can improve the inflammation of bronchus,regulate the ratio of Th1/Th2, which might be one of the mechanism for treatment of asthma.

Problem-based learning(PBL)teaching mode was applied in general surgery practice of the seven-year system externs.The externs were organized to analyze and discuss a real case,having grasped enough knowledge of relative diseases,and try to provide their advice about the diagnosis and treatment,and then their conclusions were verified by post-operational follow-up.PBL teaching mode can increase the students'study motivations and interests and the ability to resolve practical problems,master medical knowledge,train their clinical thinking and eventually pave a way to become qualified clinicians.

Traumatic splenic rupture treated by splenic arterial embolization not only can reserve spleen but also prevent spleen from continually bleeding,with promising clinical effect.The paper reviews most of the traumatic splenic rupture treated by splenic arterial embolization including the basic and clinical research in recent years.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of serum brain natriuretic peptide(BNP)in chron-ic cor pulmonale of different period.Methods According to the inclusion criteria,we recruited 216 cases from heart and respiratory medicine(including outpatients and inpatients)of Qingyuan People 's Hosptial from April 2013 to December 2014.All the cases were divided into healthy control group(group A,n =48),cor pulmonale heart function compensatory period group(group B,n =43),cor pulmonale right heart failure group(group C,n =45),the simple left heart failure group(D group,n =40)and the whole heart failure group(group E,n =40).The serum BNP value,pul-monary function,echocardiography were detected.We compared the differences amomg them with correlation analysis, and drew the ROC curves to obtain the best cutoff point.Results The BNP value was higher in group C(495.44 ± 219.90)ng/L than group B[(182.44 ±69.71)ng/L,P <0.001],while the value was higher in group D(882.57 ± 288.56)ng/L and E(891.78 ±256.45)ng/L than group C(P <0.001).In cor pulmonale groups,BNP was positive-ly correlated with RV,RVOT,and PASP,negatively correlated with FEV1 ,and not correlated with LVEF %.In group D and E,BNP was negatively correlated with LVEF %.The best cutoff point of BNP was 285.3ng/L between cor pul-monale heart function compensatory period group(group B)and cor pulmonale right heart failure group(group C). The best cutoff point of BNP was 764.2ng/L between cor pulmonale right heart failure group(group C)and the whole heart failure group(group E).Conclusion There is certain correlation between serum BNP level and the progress of chronic cor pulmonale.Dynamic monitoring of serum BNP level in the judgement of treating cor pulmonale is of certain reference significance.

Objective To observe the effect of amylin on the islet β-cells voltage-gated L-calcium channels in rats. Method Patch clamp technique was employed in the observation of the features and changes of electric current of islet β-cells voltage-gated L-calcium channels before and after using amylin. Results In the glucose environment of 5. 5 mmoL/L, the electric current of rat islet β-cells voltage-gated L-calcium channels was activated at-40 mV and reached the peak at about +20 mV, with a peak value of about-120 pA and the insulin secretion level was(0. 76±0. 12) μg/L. Under the stimulation of glucose of 16. 7 mmol/L, the peak current voltage moved to the left and increased up to-140 pA and the level of insulin secretion measured (1.78±0. 13) μg/L. Hatch islet β-cells in amylin at the concentrations of 0. 5, 1.0, 5.0 and 10.0 μmol/L, respectively. It was observed that in the 0. 5 μmol/L and 1.0 μmol/L groups,there was no remarkable change in the peak potential activation voltage, current, and insulin secretion volume in comparison with the control group. However, in the environment of 5.5 mmol/L glucose, the increase of activation voltage of the 5.0 and 10.0 μmol/L groups was-30 mV, with the peak current reduced to approximately-80 pA and-60 pA and the insulin secretion decreased to (0. 49±0. 11) μg/L and (0. 36±0. 12) μg/L respectively. Under the concentration of 16. 7 mmol/L glucose, the activation voltage increased from-40 mV up to-30 mV and the peak current reduced to-80 pA and-40 pA. In the meantime, the insulin secretion decreased respectively to (1.20±0. 13) μg/L and (0. 89±0. 14) μg/L, which is of significance. Conclusion The secretion of insulin is synchronized with the opening of the islet β-cells voltage-gated L-calcium channels at the stimulation of glucose. The amylin inhibition of the insulin secretion is also synchronized with the opening of islet β-cells voltage-gated L-calcium channels and it's in a positive concentration-dependent manner.

Objective To investigate the role of tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) in the regulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression in human glomerular mesangial cells induced by high glucose.Methods Cultured human glomerular mesangial cells were divided into normal control group (5.5 mmol/L glucose) and high glucose group (30.0 mmol/L glucose) which was cultured for 12 h to 72 h.The gene expression of TET2 in mesangial cells were inhibited by small molecule chemical called SC1,and which were divided into high glucose group (30.0 mmol/L glucose+ DMEM),DMSO group (30.0 mmol/L glucose+0.1％DMSO) and SC1 group (30.0 mmol/L glucose+3 μmol/L SC1).The mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1,TET1 to 3 and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting.Methylation of CpG islands in the regulation region of TGF-β1 was detected by bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP).The activity of mesangial cell proliferation was assessed by colorimetry of thiazolyl blue (MTT).Results Compared with normal control group,the mRNA and protein expression of TET2 in mesangial cells induced by high glucose was increased significantly in a time-dependent manner (all P ＜ 0.05),but the expression of TET1 and TET3 was not affected.Meanwhile methylation rate of 4 CG sites from 24 h to 72 h were decreased in the first exon of TGF-β1 (P ＜ 0.01),but not in the promoter.Compared with high glucose group,when the expression of TET2 was inhibited by SC1,the methylation rate of TGF-β1 was recovered evidently (P ＜ 0.05),the mRNA and protein expression of TGF-β1 and α-SMA was suppressed,and the proliferation of mesangial cells was decreased (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Demethylation of the CpG island mediated by TET2 may play an important role in the expression of TGF-β1 and mesangial cell phenotype transformation induced by high glucose.