The source of seed cells has always been the major problem in cartilage tissue engineering.Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) have gradually become an optimal source of seed cells for cartilage engineering due to their high proliferative potential,multi-lineage differentiation potential and easiness to be obtained with minute trauma.The great challenge is how to get abundant BMSCs with a high purity and how to induce them in vitro into chondrogenic phenotype.This review aims to discuss the various strategies that can induce BMSCs chondrogenic differentiation in vitro so as to offer beneficial reference for constructing cartilage with BMSCs as seed cells.

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of extraoral manual reposition approach in the treatment of acute anterior disloca-tion of temporomandibular joint. Methods:98 patients with acute anterior dislocation of temporomandibular joint were divided into 2 groups(n=49) by random digit table and treated by manual reposition through intraoral and extraoral approach respectively. The suc-cess rate, success time, patient pain during treatment, SBP, DBP, HR and patient satisfaction were evaluated respectively. Results:The success rate(95. 92%) and the patient satisfaction rate(76%) of extraoral method group were higher than those of the intraoral method group (81. 63% and 66%);success time(3. 91 ± 0. 55)s and patient pain during treatment(3. 51 ± 0. 25) in extraoral method group were less than those in the intraoral method group[(5. 57 ± 0. 51) s and (6. 6 ± 0. 21)]. The degree of changes of SBP, DBP and HR in extraoral method group were less than those in the intraoral method group(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Extraoral manual reposi-tion approach is more effective than intraoral approach in the treatment of acute anterior dislocation of temporomandibular joint.

Objective:The paper provided the basis of morphology to treat severe obstructive sleep apneasyndrome (OSAS) by applying hard palate short uvulopalato-pharyngoplasty (HPS-UPPP) in clinic.Methods:The curve length of hard palate and soft palate,the distance between the greater palatine foramenwere measured with vernier caliper and the position relation of the nerve and vessels passing throughgreater palatine foramen was observed in 100 oranium and 50 cadaver. Results:The curve length of hardpalate was 49.3± 0. 28 mm;the curve length of soft palate was 26.1±0. 30 mm;the distance between thegreater palatine foramen was 27.3±0. 24 mm. Conclusion:The results have the guiding significance in re-moval of length of hard palate and soft palate ,and the way of operation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Lianhua Dingchuan Tablets in bronchial asthma.Methods Fifty BALB/C mice were randomly and equally divided into control (Con) group,ovalbumin (OVA) group,dexamethasone (DEX) group,high-dose Lianhua group,low-dose Lianhua group.The mice were sensitized and challenged with OVA plus aluminium hydroxide to establish asthmatic model and were pre-treated 30 minutes before challenge.Specific airway resistance (sRaw) was used to evaluate airway hyperresponsiveness,and airway inflammatory changes were measured.ELISA and Magnetic Luminex(R) were used to quantified the levels of IL-4,IL-13 and INF-γ.Results Airway resistance significantly decreased in DEX group and High-dose Lianhua group (P＜0.05).Levels of inflammatory cells and IL-13 in BALF evidently reduced in DEX group,high-dose Lianhua group and low-dose Lianhua group (P ＜ 0.05),while IL-13 level in serum only decreased in DEX group.There was no significant changes in the levels of IL 4 and INF γ among those groups.Conclusions Lianhua Dingchuan Tablets might relieve the symptoms of asthma by reducing IL-13 level and inhibiting the airway inflammation.

BACKGROUND: In the management of critically ill patients, the assessment of volume responsiveness and the decision to administer a fluid bolus constitute a common dilemma for physicians. Static indices of cardiac preload are poor predictors of volume responsiveness. Passive leg raising (PLR) mimics an endogenous volume expansion (VE) that can be used to predict fluid responsiveness. This study was to assess the changes in stroke volume index (SVI) induced by PLR as an indicator of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with severe sepsis. METHODS: This was a prospective study. Thirty-two mechanically ventilated patients with severe sepsis were admitted for VE in ICU of the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Ningbo Medical Treatment Center Lihuili Hospital from May 2010 to December 2011. Patients with non-sinus rhythm or arrhythmia, parturients, and amputation of the lower limbs were excluded. Measurements of SVI were obtained in a semi-recumbent position (baseline) and during PLR by the technique of pulse indicator continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) system prior to VE. Measurements were repeated after VE (500 mL 6％ hydroxyethyl starch infusion within 30 minutes) to classify patients as either volume responders or non-responders based on their changes in stroke volume index (ΔSVI) over 15％. Heart rate (HR), systolic artery blood pressure (ABPs), diastolic artery blood pressure (ABPd), mean arterial blood pressure (ABPm), mean central venous pressure (CVPm) and cardiac index (CI) were compared between the two groups. The changes of ABPs, ABPm, CVPm, and SVI after PLR and VE were compared with the indices at the baseline. The ROC curve was drawn to evaluate the value of ΔSVI and the change of CVPm (ΔCVPm) in predicting volume responsiveness. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Among the 32 patients, 22 were responders and 10 were non-responders. After PLR among the responders, some hemodynamic variables (including ABPs, ABPd, ABPm and CVPm) were significantly elevated (101.2±17.6 vs.118.6±23.7,P=0.03; 52.8±10.7 vs. 64.8±10.7,P=0.006; 68.3±11.7 vs. 81.9±14.4,P=0.008; 6.8±3.2 vs. 11.9±4.0,P=0.001). After PLR, the area under curve (AUC) and the ROC curve of ΔSVI and ΔCVPm for predicting the responsiveness after VE were 0.882±0.061 (95％CI 0.759–1.000) and 0.805±0.079 (95％CI 0.650–0.959) when the cut-off levels of ΔSVI and ΔCVPm were 8.8％ and 12.7％, the sensitivities were 72.7％ and 72.7％, and the specificities were 80％ and 80％. CONCLUSION: Changes in ΔSVI and ΔCVPm induced by PLR are accurate indices for predicting fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated patients with severe sepsis.

Objective To investigate plasma levels of total carnitine (TC) and free camitine (FC) in patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Methods 200 cases of normal group came from physical examination in this hospital,all testing cases were the in-hospital patients in the department of nephropathy.TC and FC were determined by use of an enzymatic cycle assay on Hitachi 7170 automatic biochemical analyzer.Results In 200 cases of normal group,TC level was (56.52?9.61) ?mol/L,and FC was (46.60?8.23) ?mol/L.In 37 hemodialysis patients,TC and FC levels were (41.47?13.22) ?mol/L and (24.58?8.91)?mol/L before dialysis,a statistic difference was observed against the control group (P0.05).Conclusions Carnitine deficiency was seen in most patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.Furthermore,the deficiency status got worse along with the dialysis course in hemodialysis patients.Carnitine infusion can effectively improve the status of these patients.

T his article reported a 37-year-old w om an w ho w as physically attacked by her husband, w hich caused her leg injuries. In the hospital a diagnosis w as m ade of fractures of the right patella and left tibia before she underw ent an operation of open reduction and internal fixation. B ecause the husband re-fused to adm it his fam ily violence com m itted against this w om an; instead he claim ed that her low er lim b fractures belonged to the falling injuries caused by a traffic accident. T he police assigned forensic experts to judicially judge the w om an's injuries. A nd the identification results of X-ray and C T show ed that the transverse fracture of patella had been caused by m uscular violence, and that both direct and indirect force resulted in the injuries of left tibia, and the fracture of left m edial orbital w all m ight have been form ed during the violence. T his article expounded the identification betw een the injuries of fam ily violence and traffic accident by the applications of im aging, w hich em phasized the application value of im aging techniques in clinic forensic science.

OBJECTIVE LW- AFC is extracted from the classical traditional Chinese medicinal prescription-Liuwei Dihuang Decoction. Previous studies have showed that LW-AFC could improve learning & memory ability in amny animal models. In this study, we focused on evaluating the effect of several main active components from LW-AFC (B-B; loganin, LOG; morroniside, MOR; paeoniflorin, PF and stachyose, STA) on LTP. METHODS In vivo recording of LTP was used in this study to evaluate the effects of LW-AFC and it's active components on coticorsterone (Cort) induced LTP impairment. RESULTS The results showed that LW-AFC could ameliorate Cort-induced LTP impairment. The effect of LW-AFC was abolished when the immune function was inhibited. Single administration (ig, ip, icv) of any of the components had no effect on Cort-induced LTP impairment. Consecutively intragastric admin?istration or intraperitoneal injections (chronic administration) of B-B, LOG, MOR or PF for 7 d showed protective effect on Cort-induced LTP impairment. Intragastric administration of STA for 7 d protected LTP from impairment induced by Cort, while there was little improving effect when STA was administrated via intraperitoneal injection. In addition, when the intestinal microbiota was disrupted by applying the antibiotic cocktail, STA showed little protective effect against Cort. CONCLUSION In conclusion, LW-AFC and it' s components showed positive effects against cort induced LTP impairment, it seems that all displayed protective effects via indirectly, immune modulation might be the common pathway for all components; the exact pathways are different in each component, B-B, LOG, MOR and PF could be absorbed into the bloods tream and then modulate the peripheral immune function, while STA could not be absorbed and modulates the immune function via modulating intestinal microbiota. Further studies are needed to invesgate the underlying mechanisms and the synergetic effects of all components.

Objective:This work aims to investigate diallyl disulfide (DADS) inhibition of cell migration and invasion in human colon cancer SW480 cells through the Rac1-ADF/cofilin1 pathway. Methods:The potential of cell migration and invasion was examined by scratch healing assay and transwell membrane assay. The expression of Rac1-ADF/cofilin1 pathway was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results:After the SW480 cells were treated with 40 and 50 mg·L-1 of DADS for 24 h, the number of transmembrane cells through the Matrigel obviously decreased by 57.12%and 64.59%, respectively (P<0.05). After cell treatment for 48 h, the cell migration rates were 23.23%and 12.87%, which were significantly lower compared with the control group (75.86%;P<0.05). After the cells were treated with 45 mg·L-1 of DADS for 24 and 48 h, the expression of Rac1, Rock1, PAK1, LIMK1, and destrin mRNA respectively decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the expression of cofilin1 mRNA (P>0.05). After the treatment with 45 mg·L-1 of DADS for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, the expression of Rac1, Rock1, PAK1, LIMK1, and Destrin proteins respectively decreased in a time-dependent manner compared with the control group (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the expression of the cofilin1 protein (P>0.05). Moreover, the expression of p-LIMK1 and p-cofilin1 notably decreased in a time-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion:DADS inhibits cell migration and invasion, which is related to the down-regulation of Rac1, Rock1, PAK1, LIMK1, p-LIMK1, p-cofilin1, and destrin through the Rac1-ADF/cofilin1 pathway.

Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides (ABPS) was extracted from the root of A. bidentata. Dendritic cells (DC), which were stimulated with ABPS and/or tumor antigen SW480, were co-cultured with cytokine induced killer cells (CIK) to test the cytotoxic effect on colon cancer cell line SW480. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) which were separated from human peripheral blood were cultured to DC and CIK separately. (1) DC were divided into four groups: pure DC served as control group; ABPS (50 mg x L(-1)) stimulated DC served as experimental group; SW480 tumor antigen stimulated DC served as the second experimental group; ABPS (50 mg x L(-1)) and SW480 tumor antigen co-stimulated DC served as the third experimental group. Flow cytometry was used to detect the difference of the positive rate of molecules in the cell surface of DC, include CD80, CD86, CD1c, CD40, HLA-DR (6 samples for each group). (2) The four DC groups were mixed with CIK at the ratio 1:5 and acted as effect cells (DC + CIK groups), and the colon cancer cell line SW480 acted as target cells. The effect cells and the target cells were mixed together at the ratio 30: 1, 20:1 and 10:1 separately, and the CCK-8 kit was used to test the cytotoxic effect on colon cancer cell line SW480. (3) At the mixing ratio 30:1 of effect cells and target cells, ELISA was used to test the level of cytokines secretion, including IL-2, IL-12p70, IL-17 and TNF-alpha, in the liquid supernatant of every test group (3 duplication per sample). The results showed as following: (1) The positive rates of CD80, CD11c, HLA-DR, in the cell surface of DC which was co-stimulated by ABPS (50 mg x L(-1)) and SW480 tumor antigen, were obviously higher than the other DC groups (P < 0.05), and the positive rates of CD86, CD40 were obviously higher than the pure DC group (P < 0.05), and there was no remarkable difference with the other two DC groups. (2) At the mixing ratio 30:1, 20:1 and 10:1 of the effect cells and the target cells, the cytotoxic effect of ABPS stimulated DC + CIK group and SW480 tumor antigen stimulated DC + CIK group was obviously higher than DC + CIK group (P < 0.05), the cytotoxic effect of ABPS and SW480 tumor antigen co-stimulated DC + CIK group was obviously higher than all the other groups. (3) At the mixing ratio 30:1 of the effect cells and the target cells, the secretion levels of IL-12p70 and TNF-alpha in the liquid supernatant of the ABPS and SW480 tumor antigen co-stimulated DC + CIK group were obviously higher than all the other groups (P < 0.05), the secretion levels of IL-2 and IL-17 in the liquid supernatant of every test group have no remarkable difference. The cytotoxic effect of ABPS stimulated DC + CIK on SW480 was obviously increased. The cytotoxic effect of ABPS and SW480 tumor antigen co-stimulated DC + CIK group was obviously higher than all the other.
Achyranthes ; chemistry ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Colonic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; immunology ; physiopathology ; Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; drug effects ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; Interleukin-2 ; immunology ; Polysaccharides ; pharmacology