There are many subjects related to anesthesiology and the band between anesthesiology and clinical practicevery is close. So students can not be proficient in anesthesiology by traditional teaching methods. The use of three-dimensional case teaching method in anaesthesiology teaching is a good attemptment. three-dimensional case teaching method integrate case method, multimedia technology and clinical case. It can help medical students analyze and solve clinical problems, improvetheir academic performance and enhance their clinical basic skills.

Objective:This work aims to investigate diallyl disulfide (DADS) inhibition of cell migration and invasion in human colon cancer SW480 cells through the Rac1-ADF/cofilin1 pathway. Methods:The potential of cell migration and invasion was examined by scratch healing assay and transwell membrane assay. The expression of Rac1-ADF/cofilin1 pathway was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. Results:After the SW480 cells were treated with 40 and 50 mg·L-1 of DADS for 24 h, the number of transmembrane cells through the Matrigel obviously decreased by 57.12%and 64.59%, respectively (P<0.05). After cell treatment for 48 h, the cell migration rates were 23.23%and 12.87%, which were significantly lower compared with the control group (75.86%;P<0.05). After the cells were treated with 45 mg·L-1 of DADS for 24 and 48 h, the expression of Rac1, Rock1, PAK1, LIMK1, and destrin mRNA respectively decreased compared with the control group (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the expression of cofilin1 mRNA (P>0.05). After the treatment with 45 mg·L-1 of DADS for 6, 12, 24, and 48 h, the expression of Rac1, Rock1, PAK1, LIMK1, and Destrin proteins respectively decreased in a time-dependent manner compared with the control group (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in the expression of the cofilin1 protein (P>0.05). Moreover, the expression of p-LIMK1 and p-cofilin1 notably decreased in a time-dependent manner (P<0.05). Conclusion:DADS inhibits cell migration and invasion, which is related to the down-regulation of Rac1, Rock1, PAK1, LIMK1, p-LIMK1, p-cofilin1, and destrin through the Rac1-ADF/cofilin1 pathway.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of serum Cystatin C for early detection of renal damage in patients with liver cirrhosis. Methods 24-h creatinine clearance (CCr), serum level of cystatin C (CysC) and serum creatinine were measured in 76 patients with cirrhosis and t-test,Pearson's correlation test and ROC curve were used to evaluate the diagnostic significance of Cys C.Results The increase in Cys C level was associated with a decrease of CCr in the patients. Both Cys C and SCr were inversely correlated with CCr ( CysC: r =- 0. 763, P ＜ 0. 001; SCr: r=-0. 571,P＜0.01). Meanwhile, the area under the ROC curve was significantly higher in Cys C than in SCr (0. 830 vs. 0. 612). Conclusion Cystatin C is a more accurate and sensitive marker of renal diagnosis in liver cirrhosis. Detection of Cys C level in cirrhotic patients is of great significance for the prevention of liver-kidney syndrome.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of clonorchiasis among residents of Huachuan Country,Heilongjiang Province and to provide a basis for development of control strategies.Methods From 2011 to 2012,cluster random sampling was performed to survey the incidence of clonorchiasis in Huachuan Country.Fecal specimens were collected and examined the clonorchis sinensis eggs by Kato-Katz method.A questionnaire survey was conducted to collect related information such as age,gender,occupation and eating habits.The infection characteristic was analyzed.Results Totally 884 patients with clonorchiasis were found among 2248 residents,and the infection rate was 39.32％.The infection rate in male[47.15％(611/1296)] was significantly higher than females [28.68％(273/952),x2 =34.55,P ＜ 0.01].The infection rate increased with age,which was higher in the 20-69 years old people,with the highest infection rate in the 50-59 years old groups[45.34％ (219/483)].Of the occupational distribution,farmers had the highest infection rate [47.24％ (420/889)],followed by cadres and staffs[38.38％(190/495)].Of residents with fresh fish eating history,the prevalence of clonorchiasis was 53.38％(150/281).Conclusions The prevalence of clonorchiasis is still high in Huachuan County.To reduce the prevalence of clonorchiasis,comprehensive prevention measures,health education and group chemotherapy should be carried out.

Objective To investigate surgical treatment and effect of secondary endocardial fibroelastosis,based on respective analysis of clinical data and follow-up data of patients with secondary endocardial fibroelastosis (SEF) between 2010 and 2012.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed including 10 patients with secondary endocardial fibroelastosis from January 2010 to December 2012 in Wuhan Union Hospital.All patients were diagnosed by Untrasonic Cardiogram and/or CT angiography of heart and great vessel,and had cardiac insufficiency in different degree [EF 0.37 ± 0.08 (0.26 ～ 0.48)].All patients except 2 patients with anomalous origin of the coronary artery received treatment of digitaloid drugs before operation,which promoted preoperative cardiac function.5 patients with SEF complicated with Congenital Coarctation of the Aorta (CoA),2 patients underwent correction of CoA,2 patients underwent correction of CoA and partial resection of endocardium,1 patient underwent correction of CoA,partial resection of endocardium and mitral vavuloplasty.2 patients with SEF complicated with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery,who were underwent correction of anomalous origin of coronary artery.2 patients with SEF complicated with aortic stenosis,who were underwent aortic commissurotomy and partial resection of endocardium.1 patient with SEF complicated with mitral stenosis and insufficiency,who underwent mitral valve replacement.The intraopertive gross appearance of endocardium was opaque greyish-white not transparent pink.The postoperative pathological examination showed obviously positive dyeing of elastic fibers.In 3,6,12 and 24 months after operation,Untrasonic Cardiogram evaluated cardiac function and endocardium.Results one 6 months patients with origin of left coronary from pulmonary artery died of severe post-operative low cardiac output syndrome,while another 1 months patients with origin of left coronary from pulmonary artery obtained post-operative good recovery,and the Untrasonic Cardiogram show disappearance of endocardial fibroelastosis.The post-operative mean time of using respirator(4.0 ± 1.5) days (2-7 days).Compared with the preoperative data,the cardiac function index (EF) was not significantly better at 2 weeks and 3-6 months[0.38 ± 0.07 (0.28 ～ 0.48),P ＞ 0.05 ; 0.39 ± 0.08 (0.30 ～ 0.50),P ＞ 0.05],and the non-resected fibroelatic endocardium still existed and were not attenuated.But the cardiac function index (EF) significantly increased [0.44 ± 0.08 (0.38 ～ 0.55),P ＜ 0.05] than the pre-operative EF,and the 3 of 5 cases the fibroelatic endocardium were attenuated or disappeared,while 2 of 5 cases the fibroelatic endocardium still existed.Conclusion SEF is the important causes of the infant intractable heart failure,which has the characteristic of high mortality and limited therapy.For SEF patients with anomalous origin of the coronary artery,the SEF is completely reversed by early diagnosis and early correction of the malformation.For SEF patients with CoA or aortic stenosis,the surgical treatment could promote recovery of cardiac function,but whether the SEF were reversed is still subject to further follow-up.The heart transplantation is the best therapy for SEF with severse heart failure.

Conidial suspension was obtained from the Penicillium sp. DS9713a which could decompose PHB. Through screening a lot of mutants with the methods of transparent zones and flask culture, five strains were selected from starting strain treated with UV and their activity were higher than the original .The best mutant strain named DS9713a-CS01, it's enzyme activity was as 197.42% high as that of the original ,furthermore, the characters of crude enzyme were studied.

A anaerobic hydrogen-producing strain HR-1 was isolated from compost. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA sequence similarity indicates that strain HR-1 is the closest relative to Clostridium ace- tobutylicum ATCC 824, with the similarity of 96%. Biological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene indicate that HR-1 is a new species named Clostridium sp. HR-1. Cells are Gram-positive, mobile rod-shaped. Spores and flagellums were no observed. Temperature range for growth is 10?C to 45?C (optimum temperature 37?C~39?C), and range pH for growth is 4.0 to 10.0 (optimum pH 7.5~8.0). H2, CO2, acetate, butyrate and a little ethanol are the end products of PYG fermentation. Strain HR-1 has the ability to use organic nitrogen and inorganic nitrogen sources for growth and hydrogen production, and yeast extract is the optimum nitrogen source for hydrogen production. Strain HR-1 produces hydrogen from xylose (3 g/L) at 37?C and initial pH 6.5, the hydrogen yields and maximal hydrogen production rate are 1.84 mol-H2/mol-xylose and 10.52 mmol-H2/h?g-cdw, respectively. Strain HR-1 is able to utilize glucose, galactose, fructose, mannose and cellobiose for hydrogen production and the hydrogen yields from glucose is 2.36 mol-H2/mol-glucose.

Objective To investigate the liver injury and pathological changes of rat and patients with Clonorchis sinensis(C, sinensis) infection, and to clarify the role of apoptosis in the injury induced by C. sinensis.Methods Wistar rats were divided into two group: 60 in infection group and 20 in control. The rats in infection group were infected with C. sinensis via oral feeding encysted cercaria;rats in control group were fed with normal saline. The rats were sacrificed 4, 6, 8 and 12 weeks after infection, respectively. Liver tissue specimens of the patients infected with C. sinensis were collected. The pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by light microscopy and the apoptofic rate of hepatocyte was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) assay. Results Parasites and eggs could he seen around the bile duct, and the duct was associated with mucosa and adenoma papillary hyperplasia, wall thickening, inflammatory cell infiltration, a small amount of fibrous tissue hyperplasia, and periportal liver cells surrounded by a number of nuclear condensation, all these changes meant morphological characteristics of apoptosis. Apoptotic rates of liver cells in infection group 4, 6,8 and 12 weeks after infection were (7.15 ± 1.50)%,(11.61 ± 3.09)%,(13.21 ± 3.47)% and (11.26 ± 4.06)%,respectively, which was significantly higher than that in control group [(2.57 ± 0.72)%, (3.17 + 0.77)%, (3.67 ±0.96)% and (2.84 ± 0.87)%, t values were 4.45, 5.49, 5.95 and 4.74, respectively, all P < 0.01]. Conclusions These findings indicate that C, sinensis can stimulate both hepatoeytic apoptosis and degeneration which may he related to clinical manifestations and liver lesions in patients with clonorchiasis.

Objective To explore the detection methods for cognitive dysfunction of the major depression in Elderly and analyze their clinical significance.Methods Using matched-pairs study,42 patients with seniie de- pressive disorders(experimental group)and 42 normal aged people(control group)were examined with auditory e- voked potential P300(event related potential,ERP-P300)and SECF,respectively.Results It was found that the scores with registration,span,recall,classification and total score of the subjects in the experimental group were sig- nificantly lower than those in the control group(P

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of different liquid therapies on the intracranial pressure, brain water content, and expressions of aquaporin-4 and N-methyl-D-aspartate-1 in the brain tissue.

METHODSTwo intervention factors including the colloids (two levels: 4% gelofusine; 6% hydroxyethyl starch and sodium chloride injection) and the crystal/gel ratios (two levels: 0:1; 1:1) were set based on the results of the analysis of variance of factorial design. Thirty-two patient who had undergone epilepsy surgery were equally and randomly divided into four groups: group A (4% gelofusine, crystal/gel ratio 0:1); group B (6% hydroxyethyl starch and sodium chloride injection, crystal/gel ratio 0:1); group C (4% gelofusine, crystal/gel ratio 1:1); and group D (6% hydroxyethyl starch and sodium chloride injection, crystal/gel ratio 1:1). The intracranial pressure during operation was recorded. After the operation, the intracranial pressure and brain water content were measured and the expressions of aquaporin-4 and N-methyl-D-aspartate-1 in the brain tissue were determined with Western blot. Glasgow coma scores were obtained 2 hours after operation.

RESULTSThe intracranial pressure (F=55.714, P=0.000; F=142.432, P=0.000) and the brain water content (F=31.477, P=0.000; F=84.896, P=0.000) significantly increased after the application of the 6% hydroxyethyl starch and sodium chloride injection and crystal/gel ratio 1:1, and the expressions of aquaporin-4 (F=37.205, P=0.000; F=149.652, P=0.014) and N-methyl-D-aspartate-1(F=29.664, P=0.000; F=65.951, P=0.000) in the brain tissue significantly increased. There were additive effects between two of them (the intracranial pressure: F=11.056, P=0.002; the brain water content: F=8.007, P=0.008; the expression of aquaporin-4: F=9.845, P=0.004; and the expression of N-methyl-D-aspartate-1: F=5.020, P=0.033). However, the Glasgow coma score showed no significant difference after the administration (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe liquid therapy with 4% gelofusine and crystal/gel ratio 0:1 can result in better control on the intracranial pressure, brain water content and expressions of aquaporin-4 and N-methyl-D-aspartate-1 in the brain tissue better than the liquid therapy with 6% hydroxyethyl starch and crystal/gel ratio 1:1 during neurosurgery, although it may not improve the coma status.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aquaporin 4 ; metabolism ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Female ; Fluid Therapy ; methods ; Humans ; Intracranial Pressure ; drug effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; N-Methylaspartate ; metabolism ; Water ; metabolism ; Young Adult