Photogrammetric analysis and study of the beauty sense for lip are important for the planning of aesthetic and reconstructive lip surgery. The purpose of this study is to determine average value of the lip dimensions and to classify shape of the lip in Korean adult female. We took measurements from life sized photographs of the one hundred Korean adult female aged from twenty to forty nine years. We have classified shape of the lip as seven types by measured heights of upper and lower vermilion. Measured data were analysed to obtain mean, standard deviation and proportional indices. The following results were obtained.1. The mean and standard deviation of photogrammetric measurements of lip were presented below; philtral length was 15.2+/-2.0 mm, height of maximal point of Cupid's bow was 9.7+/-1.5 mm, upper vermilion height was 8.2+/-1.4 mm, lower vermilion was 10.9+/-1.4 mm, lower facial height was 67.5+/-4.5 mm, mouth width was 46.9+/-3.6 mm, bialar was 37.8 +/-2.6 mm, nasolabial angle was 87.0+/-9.0.2. The standard proportional indices of lip dimension were presented below; mouth width-lower facial height index was 69.6+/-6.3%, bialar width-lower facial height index was 56.2+/-4.5%, nose-mouth width index was 81.0+/-5.5%, upper and lower vermilion height-lower facial height index 28.3+/-3.5%, upper and lower vermilion height-mouth width index was 40.9+/-5.3%, philtral length-mouth width index 32.6+/-5.2%, upper vermilion-lower vermilion height index was 76.4+/-13.8%. 3. The classification of shape of the lip is presented below; standard type is most frequent type(55%) and the upper and lower vermilion height is measured within mean +/- 1 SD, second most common type is upper thick type(10%), upper thin type is 9%, lower thick type is 8%, both thick type is 7%, lower thin type is 6%, both thin type is 5%.
Adult* ; Beauty ; Classification* ; Female* ; Humans ; Lip* ; Mouth

We reviewed the clinico-histopathologic aspects. of 121 patients diagnosed as subcutaneons lipamas in 1981~1986, Additionally, the size of lipoma cells was statistica,lly compared with normal controls. The results were obtained as follows: The majority of patients visited the surgical department, specially general surgcry, whereas only 7 visited dermatology. The ratio of solitary to multiple type was 10:1. Females predominated in the patients with solitary type, outnumbering males in multiple type. While solitary type consisted of 98 patients (89.1%) with SL, 10 with FL and 3 with AL, multiple type had 7 with SL and 4 with AL. There were prominent incidences in the 5th and 6th decades followed by a slow decline. Faur of all 6 AL patients were multiple type. Males were affected in all but one. All AL patients showed non-infiltrating. The torso was mostly involved in 60.4% In 7 of all 17 AL lesions, the upper extremity was predorninantly involved. Sixty sevenr of the 136 masses were less than,3cm in diameter. In AL lesions, 76.5% was less than 3cm and likely to be smaller than other 2 types. The presumed time of onset was most common in 1~3 years The size of liporna cells was found to be slightly larger in only SL specimens than in controls(63.65+432pm and 56.32+6.50um respectively; p<0.0l).
Angiolipoma ; Dermatology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lipoma* ; Male ; Torso ; Upper Extremity

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of New cervicography by comparing cervicographic finding with Papanicolaou smear and result of colposcopically directed biopsy. METHODS: This study group consisted of 189 patients who visited the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University Pildong Hospital from September 1998 to August 1999. All women simultaneously underwent Papanicolaou smear and New cervicography. If either method was positive, the patient was referred for colposcopically directed biopsy. RESULTS: The New cervicography was significantly more sensitive than the Papanicolaou smear(92.2% vs 60.8%, p<0.01), whereas the Papanicolaou smear was significantly more specific than the New cervicography(99.3% vs 75.0%, p<0.05). The false positive rate of New cervicography was 75%, significantly higher than 0.7% of Papanicolaou smear. There was no significant difference between the negative predictive value of cervicography and Papanicolaou smear. When New cervicography and Papanicolaou smear were used together, the sensitivity was significantly higher than Papanicolaou smear used alone(98.1% vs 60.8%, p<0.01) and false negative rate was significantly lower than Papanicolaou smear(1.9% vs 39.2%, p<0.01). However the specificity, positive predictive value of the combined test were lower than Papanicolaou smear. CONCLUSION: Cervicography is one of the Papanicolaou smear adjunctive tests and a useful method to detect cervical cancer. Our study confirms the previously suspected low sensitivity of Papanicolaou smear and demonstrate that cervicography is more sensitive than Papanicolaou smear and less specific. From the above results, when New cervicography and Papanicolaou smear were used together, the detection rate of cervical cancer will be increased more easily since the cases missed by one method may be picked up by another.
Biopsy ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Mass Screening* ; Obstetrics ; Papanicolaou Test ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: Alopecia areata is replete with data from studies using variuos therapeutic approaches, none of which is clearly superior to another. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of cryotherapy in alopecia areata. METHODS: Thirty three patents with AA(M:13, F:20) well conduted in this study, precluding 3 patients with the moderate and extensive lesions. Cryotherapy using a cotton swab dipped with liquid nitrogen was applied to the involved areas, repeated with 2 times of freeze thaw cycle of two seconds. In 13 cases of AA multiplex, the lesions were divided into two groups, each of which was undertaken cryotherapy and intralesional injection of triamcinolone(3mg/ml) for evaluation of their respeetive effects. The treatment was done weekly method of 1 to 11 times, Th therapeutic response was determined as the regrowth of terminal hairs on the treated area(s) at 12 Weeks. RESULTS: Of the 33 patients with AA, the overall responders were 22(66.7%). There seemed good response rates of 70.0 % in females, 71.4 % in AA multiplex and 72.2 % in third decade as well as 72.4 % in those with lower than 1 year of duration. The remarkable resionse had 3-4 times in treatment numbers. There were no untoward side effects in patients except mild erythema. In the 13 patients treated with both modalities, cryotherapy had a slightly higher esaonse than triamcinolone therapy (69.2% vs 61.5%, p>0.05 by x-test). CONCLUSION: The effect of cryotherapy therapy in AA patients is not less than the intralesional therapy of triamcinolone. In addition, cryotherapy may be recommendec as the new, safe therapeutic modality.
Alopecia Areata* ; Alopecia* ; Cryotherapy* ; Erythema ; Female ; Hair ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Nitrogen* ; Triamcinolone

We report herein s case of subcutaneous aspergillosis in a 41-year-old woman with lumbar spondylitis(L4~L5). The patient had received high doses of corticosteroids and broad-spectrum antibiotics and two times of operation due to lumbar problems. The diagnosis of Aspergillus fumigatus infection was established by the mycologic study of cultures from wound exudate and histopathologic examination of the second surgical specimens of subcutaneous soft tissue, which was assumed to be iatrogenically susceptible infection. Intravenous amphotericin B therapy was discontinued because of the immediste adverse effects. After twelve-week therapy of oral ketoconazole(400mg/day), open wound healed and spondylitis with neurologic signs eventually resolved. No evidence of recurrent infection was noted during six months of follow-up.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Adult ; Amphotericin B ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Aspergillosis* ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; Diagnosis ; Exudates and Transudates ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ketoconazole* ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Spondylitis* ; Wounds and Injuries

STUDY DESIGN: Thirty-eight patients with thoracolumbar and lumbar burst fractures were evaluated according to the treatment methods of the retropulsed fragments. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the pure effect of ligamentotaxis according to the approaching methods to tile involved area. SUMMARY OF BACK GROUND DATA: Retropulsed fragments were effectively treated by indirect posterior reduction. Regardless of size of the retropulsed fragments, remodelling process of the retropulsed fragments was progressed during follow-up period. METHODS: 38 patients with burst fractures of thoracolumbar and lumbar spine were divided into two groups according to tile reduction method of the retropulsed fragments ; the one group consisted of 18 cases which were treated by posterior instrumentation and indirect reduction(Group I: ligamentotaxis) and the other groups consisted of 20 cases which were treated by posterior instrumentation and posterior direct reduction(Group II). Change of neural canal compromise rate, neurologic status, remodelling process of the retropulsed fragments were measured using pre-, post-operative and follow-up radiographs and CT. RESULTS: Comparing the two groups, neural canal compromise rates were decreased at postoperative period but, there were no significant differences in both groups. There were no correlation of neurologic status and neural canal compromise rate. We could confirm the remodelling process of the retropulsed fragments, but there were no significant changes according to the size of the retropulsed fragments between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Indirect reduction by posterior instrumentation( ligamentotaxis ) could effectively treat the retropulsed fragments in burst fractures of thoracolumbar and lumbar spine without directs posterior reduction.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neural Tube ; Postoperative Period ; Spine

We have experienced a case of plexiform neurofibrorna of the right upper eyelid and orbit in a 12-year-old girl who had typical skin features of neurofibromatosis and no family history. The non-pulsating proptosis of the right eye and diffuse thickening with hypertrophy of the upper lid, had increased insiduciusly since the birth on. Biopsy taken from eyelirl lesion showed the features of plexiform neurofibroma. Skull X-ray and brain computerized tomogram showed that the right orbit was wider, with the enlarged mass and defects in orbital roof and lesser and greater wings of the sphenoid bone. The surgical excision of the right eyelid lesion was performed.
Biopsy ; Brain ; Child ; Exophthalmos ; Eyelids* ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Neurofibroma, Plexiform* ; Neurofibromatoses* ; Orbit* ; Parturition ; Skin ; Skull ; Sphenoid Bone

Disibling pansclerotic morphea, a severe form of generalized morphea, has a relentless clisabling course, producing marked contract,ion and joint deformity due to sclerosis of the skin and the deeper structures. We report herein an unusual case of morphea in a 25 year old male who had suffered from chronic recurrent ulceration with scar like sclerotic changes overlying limb folds, ankles, nape and abdomen since 4 years of age. The indurated lesions on the chest and abdomen were ivory colored, sclerotic guttae and plaques having a, violac ous border. At l4 years of age, the skin lesions were diagnostically ambiguous, wherea.s the immunologic results revealed a selective IgA deficiency with partial T lymphacyte inactivation. About 10 years later, the follow up visit showed this severe form of morphea over generalized area and disabling contractures of knees, elbows and alkles, but IgA value returned nearly to the nomal level.
Abdomen ; Adult ; Ankle ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Elbow ; Extremities ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; IgA Deficiency ; Immunoglobulin A ; Joints ; Knee ; Male ; Scleroderma, Localized* ; Sclerosis ; Skin ; Thorax ; Ulcer

We report herein a case of polymorphic pemphigoid in a 65-year-old woman, who had one-year history of generlized polymorphic eruption with intensely pruritic excoriated vesicobiullous lesions and residual pigmentation. Face and oral mucosa were spared. The skin biopsy specimen showed a subepidermal blister containing many eosinophils. Linear deposition of 1gG and C3 along the basement membrane was noticed on direct irnmunofluorescerice. Polyclonal garnmopathy with a tendency of beta-gamma bridging and increased IgG, IgA and kappachain, was frund on serum protein electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis. Skin lesions were well coritrolled by a combined therapy of prednisolone(20 mg/d), dapsone(100 mg/d) and cyclophosphamide(100 mg/d) for 4 months. Direct immunofluorescence performed 11 rnonths after the cnmpletion of the therapy was negative.
Aged ; Basement Membrane ; Biopsy ; Blister ; Electrophoresis ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ; Humans ; Immunoelectrophoresis ; Immunoglobulin A ; Immunoglobulin G ; Mouth Mucosa ; Pemphigoid, Bullous* ; Pigmentation ; Skin

BACKGROUND: The positive reactions of carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) show varying degrees in the tissue of all sweat gland neoplasms by immunohistochemistry. The CEA secreted from sweat glands presents a high value, compared with that of serum. OBJECTIVE: The study was to evaluate the sweat CEA value in relation to serum CEA value by sex, smoking status and blood type in healthy subjects. METHOD: Fifty-two healthy subjects(M : 43, F :9) aged 21-30, participated in the study. 2ml sweat was collected from the face and chest after intense exercises and 3ml blood was collected from their antecubital veins. Roche Core CEA enzyme immunoassay was used for the measurement of sweat and serum CEA. RESULTS: Sweat CEA values were 102.0+4100.5ng/ml in males and 70.6+458.5ng/ml in females, with their mean valueof 96.6+/-94.9ng/ml. Sweat CEA values were 108.3+/-103.5ng/ml in 27 smokers and 83.9+/-84.8ng/ml in 25 nonsmokers(p>0.05, t-test). Sweat CEA values were higher among the males and the smokers. Serum CEA values were 2.5+/-1.7ng/ml in males and 1.6+/-0.8ng/ml in females, with its mean value of 2.4+/-1.6ng/ml. There was no difference between serum values of smokers and nonsmokers. Sweat CEA values were about 40 times higher than those of serum, with no correlation of sweat and serum CEA(correlation coefficient=-0.16, P>0.05). In the blood type study, sweat CEA values were 123.1+/-131.8ng/ml in A type and 66.1+/-55.0ng/ml in B type(P>0.05), whereas serum CEA values were higher in AB type and lower in O type(P<0.05, ANOVA). CONCLUSION: Sweat CEA values are extraordinarily high in contradistinction to serum. Sweat CEA values are not affected by sex, smoking status and blood type. There seems to be no association between CEA values of sweat and serum.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen* ; Exercise ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoenzyme Techniques ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sweat Gland Neoplasms ; Sweat Glands ; Sweat* ; Thorax ; Veins