Objective:To investigate the expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2αand MT in human papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC) and the association of their expression with clinicopathological indicators .Methods:Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze the ex-pression of HIF-1α, HIF-2αand MT in 70 PTC samples .The correlations of HIF-1α, HIF-2αand MT expression with one another , and with several clinicopathological indicators were statistically analyzed .Results:In 70 PTC samples, the positive expression rates of HIF-1α, HIF-2αand MT were 52.86%(37/70), 50.00%(35/70) and 44.29%(31/70), respectively.HIF-1α, HIF-2αand MT expression had significant correlations with cervical lymph node metastasis (P=0.034, P=0.022, and P=0.032, respectively). Meanwhile, HIF-1αexpression had a positive correlation with HIF-2α(rs =0.258, P=0.031) and MT (rs =0.266, P=0.026). HIF-2αand MT expression were positively correlated (rs=0.259, P=0.030).Concomitant expression of any two or all of the three molecules had stronger correlation with lymph node metastasis than did each alone ( P=0.004 for HIF-1α/HIF-2α, P=0.024 for HIF-1α/MT, P=0.029 for HIF-2α/MT, P=0.017 for HIF-1α/HIF-2α/MT).Conclusion:HIF-1α, HIF-2αand MT expression in PTC samples have a closely correlation , which are related to cervical lymph node metastasis .Therefore, the expression of HIF-1α, HIF-2αand MT might be used as biomarkers for cervical lymph node metastasis of PTC .

10.3969/j.issn.1007-3969.2013.04.007

Based on the characteristics of multicomponent of traditional Chinese medicine and drawing lessons from the concepts, methods and techniques of biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) in chemical field, this study comes up with the science framework of biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS). Using the different comparison method of multicomponent level and the CMMBCS method of overall traditional Chinese medicine, the study constructs the method process while setting forth academic thoughts and analyzing theory. The basic role of this system is clear to reveal the interaction and the related absorption mechanism of multicomponent in traditional Chinese medicine. It also provides new ideas and methods for improving the quality of Chinese materia medica and the development of new drug research.
Animals ; Biopharmaceutics ; China ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Materia Medica ; chemistry ; classification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification

Objective To explore the feasibility of establishing a swine model of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension by portal infusion of 80％ alcohol.Methods A total of 13 Guizhou miniature pigs were randomly divided into three groups,experiment group 1 (n=5),experiment group 2 (n=5) and control group (n=3).Experiment groups of pigs received portal infusion of 80％ alcohol in volumes of 5 ml in group 1,and 10 ml in group 2,and the pigs in control group received portal perfusion of saline in volumes of 10 ml.All animals were performed direct portal angiography,the portal vein pressures and diameter were also detected before,immediately and 6 weeks after the infusion.All animals underwent liver biopsies before and 6 hours,1-6 weeks after operation.And contrast-enhanced abdominal CT was performed before and 6 weeks after operation.All animals were dissected 6 weeks after operation,aud each leaf of liver specimens were performed histological examination.Results There was no statistically significant difference of the portal venous pressure and diameter before infusion and 6 weeks after infusion in the experiment group 1 and control group (all P＞0.05).In the experiment group 2,compared with pre infusion,the portal vein pressure and diameter were higher than those of immediately and 6 weeks after infusion (all P＜0.05).In both experiment group 1 and group 2,all pigs had developed into liver fibrosis,the METAVIR score of 2 pigs in group 1 and 5 pigs in group 2 respectively were up to grade 4.Conclusion Portal infusion of 80％ alcohol is more suitable for establishing a swine model of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension.

Aim To investigate the relationship be-tween the cardioprotection of apigenin ( Api ) from an-oxia/reoxygenation ( A/R) injury and Bcl-2 pathway. Methods H9 c2 cardiomyocytes were cultured and di-vided into normal control group, A/R group, Api pre-treatment group ( Api ) , Api + Bcl-2 inhibitor group ( Api + ABT-737 ) . Expression of Bcl-2 was deter-mined by Western blot,and cell viability was measured by MTT method. LDH, SOD, GSH-Px, MDA activity were determined by chromometry. ROS generation, mi-tochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis were de-termined by flow cytometry. Results 25h after apige-nin precondition,the expression of Bcl-2 was upregulat-ed in cardiomyocytes ( P <0. 01 ) . In the group pre-treated with 40 μmol · L-1 apigenin before A/R, the activity of LDH in culture medium decreased; the ac-tivity of intracellular SOD, GSH-Px increased; the content of MDA and ROS generation decreased; cell viability increased; mitochondrial membrane potential could be more stable and cell apoptosis decreased ( P<0. 01 ) . However, all these protective effects were attenuated significantly in the group pretreated with apigenin and Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-737 . Conclusion The effect of apigenin against A/R injury in cardiomyo-cytes involves Bcl-2 pathway, and at least partly de-pends on its effect on upregulating the expression of Bcl-2 .

Objective To investigate the effect of tea polyphenols (TP) on renal damage in rats model induced by D-galactose. Methods Rats were injected with D-galactose (150 mg/kg?d),ip for 8 w,to induce renal damage. From the 3rd week,TP (150,75,37.5 mg/kg?d),aminoguanidine (150 mg/kg) and vitamin E (150 mg/kg) were administered with D-galactose for 6 w. After treatment,fasting blood glucose and 2 h blood glucose in oral glucose tolerance test were measured. The levels of HbA1C and fructosamine in serum,the activity of aldose reductase and content of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in plasma and in kidney tissues and the activity of SOD,GSH-Px,and the contents of MDA in kidney tissues were measured,and 24h urinary protein,blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) were detected. The apoptosis of renal cells were detected by flow cytometer. Results After treatment of D-galactose for 8 w,2h glucose level in oral glucose talerance test was increased significantly,the activity of aldose reductase and the content of AGES were increased significantly in blood. The levels of AGEs and MDA in renal tissues were also enhanced significantly. However,the activities of SOD and GSH-Px decreased. Additionally,the contents of 24h urine protein,BUN,Cr and the apoptotic rate of renal cells were increased significantly. High and middle dose of TP could can decrease the activity of aldose reductase in red blood cells,and inhibit the formation of glycation products in model rats induced by D-galactose. Also,TP could enhance the antioxidative activities and decrease the contents of AGEs and MDA in renal tissues. Mesnwhile,24h urine protein,BUN and Cr and the apoptotic rate of renal cells were increased significantly. Conclusion TP can inhibit glycation reaction induced by D-galactose and then protect renal from damage caused by glycation.

Objective To compare the dissolution of Chuangxiong powder in different medium and discuss the dissolution characteristics in vitro of Changxiong powder. Methods The paddle method was adopted, the UV spectrophotometric method was developed to determine the in vitro dissolution quantity of Changxiong powder in five medium (water, 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, acetate buffer of pH 4.5, phosphate buffer of pH 6.8, phosphate buffer of pH 7.4) with ferulic acid as index, and evaluated by drawing the dissolution curve and using the similar factor method and Weibull model. Results The dissolution quantity of Changxiong oral powder in five medium was different. The dissolution quantity in water, 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, acetate buffer of pH 4.5 and phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 was similar and fit Weibull model, but it mutated in phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 and reached the maximum amount at 30 min. Conclusion The dissolution quantity of Changxiong powder is gradually increasing and the time is shorted in the medium from acidic to neutral then to alkaline. Dissolution curve is similar in the acidic and neutral medium. Changxiong powder dissolves out fast and completely in the alkaline medium.

To establish neonatal rat cardiac fibroblast inflammatory secretion model by using LPS 100 microg x L(-1) combined with ATP 5 mmol x L(-1), in order to study the inhibitory effect of quercetin on the secretion of inflammatory factors TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 of cardiac fibroblasts, further investigate the effect of quercetin on the protein expression of p-NF-kappaB p65 (S276) and p-Akt (S473) by western blot, and discuss the inhibitory effect of quercetin on the inflammatory secretion of cardiac fibroblasts. According to the findings, quercetin with the concentrations between 51.74 micromol x L(-1) and 827.81 micromol x L(-1) had no significant effect on the activity of cardiac fibroblasts. Quercetin with the concentrations of 82.78, 41.39, 20.70 micromol x L(-1) could notably inhibit the increase of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta induced by LPS 100 microg x L(-1) for 3 h and then ATP 5 mmol x L(-1) for 36 h (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Quercetin with the concentrations of 82.78, 41.39 micromol x L(-1) could notably inhibit the increase of IL-6 induced LPS 100 microg x L(-1) for 3 h and then ATP 5 mmol x L(-1) for 36 h (P < 0.05), without any notable effect of quercetin with the concentration of 20.70 micromol x L(-1). Quercetin with the concentrations of 82.78, 41.39, 20. 70 micromol x L(-1) could notably inhibit the NF-kappaB p65 (S276) activation induced by LPS 100 microg x L(-1) for 3 h and then ATP 5 mmol x L(-1) for 15 min, with the most significant effect in 20.70 micromol x L(-1). Quercetin with the concentrations of 82.78, 41.39, 20.70 micromol x L(-1) could notably inhibit the increase of p-Akt(473) expression induced by LPS 100 microg x L(-1) for 3 h and then ATP 5 mmol x L(-1) for 240 min (P < 0.05). Therefore, this study believes that quercetin could attenuate the secretion of inflammatory factors TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 of cardiac fibroblasts by inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB p65 (S276) and Akt (473).
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Endomyocardial Fibrosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; immunology ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; immunology ; Heart ; drug effects ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; genetics ; immunology ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; genetics ; immunology ; Quercetin ; administration & dosage ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; immunology

The study is a paticular embodiment of Chinese patent medicine based on biopharmaceutics classification system of Chinese materia medica (CMMBCS) , focusing on assessment of synchronization issues of dissolution that may affect the timing of the multicomponent absorption. The accumulative dissolution percentages of nine components in Gengen Qinlian tablets in different dissolution solvents and times were determined by HPLC. The dissolution curve was drew and its similarity was evaluated by similarity factors (f2) and cluster method. Results in this experiment showed that the components that peak 7 and peak 8 (baicalin) represented had poor similarity with the reference peak 2 (puerarin). Their similarity factors were both 43 in water dissolution media and 31 and 45 in pH 7.4 dissolution media, respectively. Components that peaks represented had better similarity with the reference peak 2 (puerarin) in other medium. It illustrated that components that peak 3,4,5,6 (berberine) represented had fully synchronous dissolution characteristics with the reference peak 2 (puerarin), components peak 1 and 9 represented had nearly fully synchronous dissolution characteristics with the reference peak 2 (puerarin), while components that peak 7 and 8 (baicalin) represented had no synchronous dissolution characteristics with the reference peak 2 (puerarin).
Biopharmaceutics ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; classification ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Solubility ; Tablets ; chemistry ; classification

Objective:To systematically review the risk factors of delayed healing of venous leg ulcer (VLU) so as to provide a guide for developing the personalized nursing strategies.Methods:The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Clinicaltrials.gov, ProQuest and Open Grey was retrieved with the English keywords of "varicose ulcer/venous ulcer, non-healing/delayed healing/poor healing, factor/risk factor/influence factor"; the China Biological Medicine (CBM) , Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , WanFang Data and VIP was retrieved with the English keywords of "venous leg ulcer/venous ulcer, delayed healing/refractory, risk factors/influencing factors"; the retrieval time ranged from building database to 1st April 2019. Two researchers independently screened literatures, extracted data and assessed the quality of included literatures. The RevMan 5.3 was used to the meta-analysis.Results:Finally, a total of 11 literatures were included and involved 3 894 subjects, 520 cases lost to follow up, 914 cases in case group and 2 460 in control group. Meta-analysis showed that there were 7 risk factors related to delayed healing of VLU including the ages [ OR=1.02, 95% CI (1.01, 1.03) , P<0.01], range of motion of ankle [ OR=4.77, 95% CI (1.79, 12.73) , P<0.01], size of ulcer [ OR=1.27, 95% CI (1.10, 1.47) , P<0.01], duration of ulcer [ OR=1.08, 95% CI (1.01, 1.16) , P=0.03], history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) [ OR=2.21, 95% CI (1.06, 4.63) , P=0.03], ankle-brachial index<0.8 [ OR=8.71, 95% CI (4.22, 17.99) , P<0.01]and rheumatoid arthritis [ OR=1.37, 95% CI (1.08, 1.73) , P<0.01]with statistical differences, and factors irrelevant to delayed healing of VLU including the body mass index (BMI) [ OR=0.98, 95% CI (0.83, 1.16) , P=0.82], >50% wound covered with fibrin [ OR=1.88, 95% CI (0.99, 3.57) , P=0.06], diabetes mellitus [ OR=1.10, 95% CI (0.70, 1.75) , P=0.67], history of hip or knee replacement [ OR=1.73, 95% CI (0.50, 6.00) , P=0.39]. Conclusions:Evidence shows that the independent risk factors of delayed healing of VLU include the ages, range of motion of ankle, size of ulcer, duration of ulcer, history of DVT, ankle-brachial index<0.8 and rheumatoid arthritis. Those evidences can help to identify the clinical high-risk population of delayed healing of VLU and provide targeted nursing intervention to reduce the healing time of VLU and improve patients' quality of life.