Computer-based online research was performed in Pubmed Database from January 1995 to January 2008, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Vip Database from January 2001 to January 2008. Forty-four publications referred to the seeding cell sources of tissue engineering heart valve demonstrated some disadvantages of clinically used mechanical prosthetic valve and biological valve. Tissue-engineered heart valve had advantages, such as no anticoagulant therapy, infection resistance, cellular viability and the potential to grow and to repair. Seeding cells have different sources, such as blood vessels, bone marrow, blood, umbilical cord, chorionic vesicle and embryonic stem cells, with particular regard to cell phenotypes and their suitability for extracellular matrix production for tissue engineering purposes. Despite an exciting potential for tissue-engineered heart valves, significant technical barriers and clinical problems must be solved and overcome. Further studies should be conducted before widespread clinical application can be envisioned, such as biodegradable polymers, stem cell differentiation, understanding how to harvest the potential of endogenous recruitment of cells and techniques to non-invasively assess the speed and quality of tissue healing and remodeling. This needs to engender a host of novel testing strategies and methods, which will include in vivo safety studies and preclinical studies.

Objective To assess the effect of opiod pretreatment on etomidate induced myoclonus. Methods The pertinent literatures were searched by two independent investigators from the following electronic databases:PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMbase,VIP,WanFang Data,and CHKD. Then the meta?analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.2 and STATA 12.0 software. Results A total of 24 RCTs involving 2 396 pa?tients were included for the study. Pretreatment ofμorκ?receptor agonists reduced myoclonus with RR=0.19(95%CI 0.14 to 0.27)and RR=0.22 (95%CI 0.12 to 0.40),respectively. Conclusion Pretreatment of opiods can reduce the incidence of etomidate induced myoclonus.

Objective: To study the relationship between anthropometric indices and type 2 diabetes mellitus/impaired glucose tolerance (DM/IGT) in the elderly. Methods: This research included 537 people (416 males and 121 females, aged 65-85 years) undergoing medical examination in Shanghai in 2004. The body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC) were measured and their relationship with DM/IGT was analyzed. Logistic regression analysis and area under curve (AUC) of receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) were used to study the predictive value of BMI, WHR and WC. Results: Except for the WHR in females, BMI, WC and WHR were higher in all subjects with DM/IGT than those without DM/IGT. The prevalences of DM/IGT in all subjects with high BMI (≥.25 kg/m2), WC(≥90 cm) and WHR (≥0.9) were also significantly higher than those with low BMI, WC and WHR, except for that of the WHR in females. After adjusted by age, physical activity and the family history of DM, multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that WHR was the most important predictive factor for IGT/DM in males and the same was true for BMI in females. ROC analysis showed that the AUC of WHR was the highest in the males and of BMI in the females. Conclusion: Obesity is correlated with DM/IGT in the elderly. WHR and BMI are satisfactory predictive indicators and have higher predictive accuracy for DM/IGT in elderly males and females, respectively.

Objective To investigate the effect of 1-methylhydantoin (1-MH)on asthma and cough animal model, and to clarify its mechanism preliminarily.Methods 50 Wistar rats with ovalbumin-induced asthma were randomly divided into model group, 1-MH 20, 40, and 80 mg · kg-1 groups, positive control group (aminophylline, 60 mg·kg-1 ),another 10 Wistar rats served as control group.The levels of interleukin-5 (IL-5 ),eosinophil chemotactic factor (Eotaxin)and eosinophil (EOS)count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)were measured in various groups. 40 guinea pigs of asthma were randomly divided into model group, 1-MH 15, 30, and 60 mg·kg-1 groups, positive control group (aminophylline, 50 mg · kg-1 );the asthma incubation period of guinea pig was measured in various groups. The bronchus of 10 guinea pigs were selected and put in Krebs solution,and the antispasmodic percentages against histamine phosphate of 1-MH 0.25,0.50,and 1.00 g ·L-1 were recorded and calculated. 50 mice of cough were randomly divided into model group,1-MH 25,50,and 100 mg·kg-1 groups, positive control group (codeine, 50 mg · kg-1 );the cough incubation period and the number of cough in the mice were measured in various groups.40 guinea pigs of cough were randomly divided into model group,1-MH 15,30,and 60 mg·kg-1 groups,positive control group (codeine,20 mg·kg-1);the cough incubation period and the number of cough of the guinea pigs in various groups were measured. Results Compared with sensitized model control group,the levels of IL-5,Eotaxin and EOS count in BALF of the rats in 1-MH 40 mg·kg-1 and 80 mg·kg-1 groups were reduced (P<0.05 or P<0.01 );compared with acetylcholine-induced asthma model control group, the asthma incubation period of guinea pig in 1-MH 30 mg·kg-1 and 60 mg·kg-1 groups was prolonged(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with blank control group, the antispasmodic percentages against histamine phosphate in 1-MH 0.50 g · L-1 and 1.00 g · L-1 groups were increased(P<0.01);compared with mouse cough model control group,the cough incubation period of the mice was prolonged,the cough number of the mice was decreased in 50 mg·kg-1 and 100 mg·kg-1 groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with guinea pig cough model control group,the cough incubation period of the guinea pig was prolonged,the cough number of the guinea pig was decreased in 1-MH 30 mg·kg-1 and 60 mg·kg-1 groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion 1-MH has good antiasthmatic and antitussive effects,which may be related to inhibition of airway inflammation and relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle directly .

Objective · To determine the expression of miRNA-7 in TWEAK-stimulated macrophages and their secreted exosomes;to investigate the role of exosomal miRNA-7 from TWEAK-stimulated macrophages in modulating the metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells.Methods · Real-time PCR analysis was used to determine the miRNA-7 expression in TWEAK-stimulated macrophages,their exosomes and recipient HO8910-PM cells.The activity of EGFR signaling pathway in HO8910-PM cells was detected by Western blotting analysis.AntagomiR-7 was used to downregulate the miRNA-7expressions in macrophage exosomes and then their effect on metastasis of HO8910-PM cells was examined by transwell assay.Results ·TWEAK increased the levels of miRNA-7 in macrophages and their secreted exosomes and also resulted in an elevated level of miRNA-7 in recipient HO8910-PM cells,which eventually reduced the activity of EGFR/AKT/ERK1/2 pathway.Pre-transfection of antagomiR-7 remarkably decreased the levels of miRNA-7 in macrophages,their secreted exosomes and the recipient EOC cells,with the enhancement of HO8910-PM metastasis.Conclusion · Exosomal miRNA-7 from TWEAK-stimulated macrophages plays a critical role in suppressing the metastasis of EOC cells by attenuation of EGFR signaling pathway.

Objective To analyze and compare 3 Chinese standards of disability. Methods Based on the framework and terminology of International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), the structure and content of 3 standards of disability, i.e., Standard for Identify Work Ability － Gradation of Disability Caused by Work-related injuries and Occupational Diseases (GB/T 16180—2006), Assessment for Body Impairment of the Injured in Road Traffic Accidents (GB 18667—2002) and Life Insurance Disability Insurance were reviewed.Results All the standards primarily involved body structure, partly bodily functions, little activity and participation without specific assessment, but no environmental factors. Conclusion The framework and terminology of ICF can be used in the standardization of disability standards.

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a main type of syndrome from mild cognitive impairment to dementia,which is caused by cerebrovascular risk factors (eg,hypertension, diabetes,hyperlipemia),obvious (cerebral infarction and hemorrhage) or unobvious cerebrovascular disease (leukoaraiosis and chronic cerebral ischemia).Its incidence is increasing,however,its pathogenesis remains uncertain,and effective therapeutic tools are lacking.Therefore,an increasing attention is being paid to all aspects of studies.This article mainly reviews the recent development in research of neuropsychology,imaging,electrophysiology,biology,and gene.

Objective To investigate the risk for recurrent thyroid carcinoma.Methods Clinical data of 56 cases of recurrent thyroid carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed and summarized possible causes of relapse.Results Student's test revealed that age,initial operative approach,pathological types,postoperative medication and radionuclide therapy were associated with recurrence (P ＜ 0.05),but gender was not associated with recurrence (P =0.240),and resection of single gland was associated with recurrence (P =0.006),but resection of both gland was not so (P =0.153).Multivariate analysis indicated that initial operative approach was the dependent factors for recurrence(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Some patients that prone to recurrence should be strengthened regular follow-up.Standard treatment should be used for The recurrences diagnosed.

Objective To observe the effect of Vitamin E on advanced glycosylation end-products(AGEs) and their receptors in renal tissue of diabetic rats.Methods Rat diabetic nephropathy was induced by intraperitoneal injection of STZ.Rats were allocated to normal control group(NC group),diabetes mellitus group(DM group),and Vitamin E group(VE group).All rats were treated with corresponding drugs for 8 weeks.During and after the treatment,the general state,blood glucose level(BGL),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum creatinine(Scr),urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1C),clearance rate of creatinine(Ccr) and kidney weight/body weight ratio were determined in different groups.The fluorescence microscope was used to observe advanced glycosylation end-products fluorescence intensity in iced slices.The expression of RAGE in rats' renal tissue slices was measured by immunohistochemistry.Results ① Compared with those in NC group,GLU,HbA1C,BUN,UAER,kidney weight/body weight ratio,contents of AGEs,and RAGE increased significantly(P

AIM: To observe the efficacy of ketosteril in treatm en t of chronic renal failure with high level of plasma Cys-C. METHODS: 60 patients with chronic renal failure were randomly divided into treatmen t group and control group. The control group was adopted a low protein and low p hosphorum diet and correcting symptoms; the treatment group, based on the therap y of the control group, was given ketosteril; 30 healthy subjects were used as t he normal control to observe changes of Cys-C, Scr, TC, HB, and HDL before and after the treatment. RESULTS: The levels of Cys-C and Scr decre ased after the administration of ketosteril (P