Objective To evaluate the safety and feasibility of portal CO 2-DSA with fine needle splenic puncture. Methods The splenic tails of seven adult white rabbits were exteriorized by laparotomy, and followed by a 25 gauge fine needle inserting about 1.0 cm into the splenic parenchyma. Portal CO 2-DSA was performed (2.0 ml/s, 10ml) and the images were evaluated. After removal of the needle, the puncture site was observed for bleeding till coagulation occurred. The spleen were taken for gross and histological examination. Results All the CO 2-DSA clearly showed the portal trunk with intrahepatic branches above 3～4 orders, the main splenic vein, and the main mesenteric veins with parts of its branches. CO 2 disappeared from the intrahepatic portal vein over 2～3 minutes. In one animal, the left renal vein and the inferior vena cava were also displayed by CO 2 through communication between splenic vein and renal vein. After removal of the needle, there was small amount of bleeding at the puncture site which ceased spontaneously over 3～5 minutes. In all animals, no extravasation of CO 2 at the puncture site, no subcapsular dissection or intrasplenic hematoma was observed. Microscopically, the splenic capsule appeared intact and there was no evidence of subcapsular hematoma formation.Conclusions Portal CO 2-DSA with fine needle splenic puncture is feasible, safe and efficient. In normal adult rabbit, CO 2 may help to visualize the left renal vein and inferior vena cava through communication between splenic and renal vein.

Objective To investigate the hemodynamic and rheological effects of acute hypovolemic hemodilution with 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) at different infusion rates. Methods 20 ASA Ⅰ adult patients undergoing elective surgery were randomized to one of two groups with 10 patients each. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular midazolam 0.06 mg/kg and atropine 0.01 mg/kg 30 min before anesthesia. Before anesthesia an intravenous line was established and lacted ringer solution was infused at a rate of 5 ml. kg-1. h-1 . Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.2mg/kg , fentanyl 5μg/kg and vecuronium 0. lmg/kg and maintained with inhalation of 50 % N2O and 1% isoflurane. After tracheal intubation the patients were mechanically ventilated and PET CO2 was maintainted between 4.6-6.0 kPa.Swan-Ganz catheter was inserted via right internal jugular vein. The dorsalis pedis artery was cannulated for direct measurement of arterial pressure. 6% HES infusion rates were 10 ml.kg-1.h-1 in group Ⅰ and 20ml.kg-1 .h-1 in group Ⅱ respectively. ECG, heart rate (HR), arterial blood pressure (SBP, DBP and MAP), CO, CL, CVP, PAP, PCWP, SpO2, PET CO2 and inhalation concentrations of N2O and isoflurane were monitored before and 30, and 60 min after infusion was started. Arterial and venous blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and rheological studies. Results The two groups were comparable with respect to demographic data. During HES infusion HR decreased and CL increased in both groups and there was no significant difference between the two groups. BP increased slightly at 60 min in group Ⅰ , whereas in group Ⅱ it tended to decrease. CVP, PAP and PCWP increased significantly in both groups especially at 60 min. Hct decreased from 36.2% ±4.5% to 30.4% ±4.1% in group Ⅰ and from 39.6%±8.0 % to 30.8% ± 5.9 % in group Ⅱ at 60 min. Hb and K value of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) equation decreased significantly in both groups especially at 60 min. Conclusions Intravascular volume expansion ismore efficient with increased infusion rate of HES but the influences on hemodynamics would be more significant. HES infused at 20 ml. kg-1 . h -1 is safe in healthy patient during operation with blood loss.[Key Words] Hemodilution; Hydroxyethyl starch; Hemodynamics; Hemorheology

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficiency of partial splenic embolization on portal hypertension patients of hepatocellulocarcinoma(HCC).Methods 110 patients of hepatocellulocarcinoma with portohypertension were treated with 1-3 times of TACE, and partial splenic embolization, with PVA of 355～500 ?m injecting into the arteries of inferior splenic pole. In order to control the area of splenic embolization, multi-embolizations were done according to the various conditions. Results 172 times of embolization were performed in 110 patients involving 134 times of fever lasting for 3-30 days and 126 times of bellyache with 27 times appealing for morphine. Treatable hydrothorax appeared in six, and no serious complications occurred. The area of embolization covered 30%～60%. WBC and BPC counts were increased after the 24 hour (P

Objective To discuss the clinical value of preoperative embolization of vertebral tumors. Methods Data of 54 patients were retrospectively studied. Thirteen lesions were in the cervical, 17 in the thoracic, 15 in the lumber and 9 in the sacral regions. The vertebral tumors were embolized prior to operation with gelatin sponge particles, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles or coils. Surgical operations were performed within 1-7 days after the embolization. Results Totally 79 vessels of 43 patients were embolized, which included ascending cervical artery,1;vertebral artery,1;intercostal artery,39; lumber artery,19;internal iliac artery,15 and median sacral artery,4. Intraoperative hemorrhage showed a mean value of 1312 ml with range of 300-3000 ml in patients after embolization, and a mean value of 2375 ml with range of 1500-5000ml in patients without embolization at the same period(P

Objective To analyze the curative effects of total knee arthroplasty(TKA)for severe genu varus combined with flexion deformity.Methods The clinical data of 25 patients(36 knees),who had undergone TKA for severe genu varus combined with flexion deformity from January 2005 to October 2010,were retrospectively analyzed.There were 7 males and 18 females,aged from 55 to 80 years(average 70.5 years).The primary diseases were osteoarthritis in 22 cases and rheumatoid arthritis in 3 cases.HSS knee score was used before and after the operation to assess the efficacy of the TKA.Results All of the patients were followed up for 4 to 9 years(average 6 years).The degree of flexion deformity was reduced from (21 ±63)°to(1.1 ±2.3)°;the degree of the varus decreased from(210 ±4.8)°to(175.6 ±2.1)°;range of motion of the knee joint increased from(70.5 ±20.5)°to(115.1 ±5.3)°;knee score augmen-ted from(33.2 ±10.5)to(90.7 ±8.5);function score added from(35.5 ±14.2)to(85.6 ±10.5);there were 21 cases(8 knees)rated as excellent,2(3 knees)as good and 2(3 knees)as fair,and the excel-lent and good rate was 86%.Most of the patients had normal force line of the knee joint,but 2 patients re-mained varus deformity of 5°~10°.Conclusion Satisfying outcome can be achieved by TKA in treating severe genu varus combined with flexion deformity of the knee.

This study was concerned about comparing the degree and process of cardiopulmonary effect of propofol and midazolam. Forty-five adult patients,ASA grade Ⅱ, scheduled for elective operation, were randomly allocated to intravenously receiving midazolam 0.28mg?kg~(-1)(group Ⅰ,n=16), 0.40mg?kg~(-1) (group Ⅱ,n=16) ,or propofol 2.5mg?kg~(-1) (group Ⅲ,n=13) ,respectively. MAP ,HR, SpO_2 ,TV ,MV ,RR and P_(ET)CO_2 were monitored continuously before and in 30 minutes following the administration ,and the arterial blood gas analysises were performed before and 1,2,3,4,5,10,15,20 and 30 minutes after the administration. The results showed that in group Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ after the administration separately,the maximal decrease of MAP were 20.0% ,22.8% and 22.20%, and occured in 10.8, 9.3 and 3.5 minutes;HR decreased maximally by 6.3% ,8.7% and 15.5%,TV by 76.6% ,81.3% and 91.3%/00 ,MV by 87.2%,91.6% and 93.6%,RR by 60.3%,67.5% and 83.6%; the incidences and durations of apnea were 37.5%vs 57.5 seconds,31.3%vs 68. O seconds and 76.9%vs 73.0 seconds. The MV recovered to the baseline 5 minutes in group Ⅲ and more than 10 minutes in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ following the administration. The arterial blood pH reduced and PaCO_2 increased significantly in three groups (P

Objective: To study clinical pharmacodynamics and efficacy for endotracheal intubation of rocuronium and succinylcholine at different dosage. Method: Sixty adult patients under general anesthesia according to the different drugs and dosage, were randomly divided into four groups. In groupⅠorⅡ,2 or 3?ED_(95) rocuronium were administrated,and in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ, 2 or 3?ED_(95) succinylcholine were given respectively. The course of depression and recovery of twitch response of the adductor pollicis muscle were recorded, and intubating condition were assessed. Result:The intubation condition was excellent in all patients of group Ⅱ,but only in 20％ of group Ⅲ.The degree of twitch at maximal depression was similar between all groups. The lag time and the time of twitch reaching maximal depression were not significantly different between group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ, which were shorter than those of groupⅠ.The times of twitch recovery to 25％ and 95％ of baseline in groupⅠor Ⅳ were significantly longer than in groupⅠor Ⅲ, respectively. Conclusion: 3?ED_(95) rocuronium has similar onset time to 2 or 3?ED_(95) succinylcholine with the excellent intubation condition,but the clinical effective duration is more longer than that of 2?ED_(95) rocuronium.

Objective To analyze the treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stenting. Methods The average time duration from transplantation to the on set symptom of TRAS was 6.9 months (3 - 18 months) in 35 TRAS patients. BP and creatinine level were recorded before and after the procedure. PTA was performed through contralateral femoral or left brachial approach with ordinary balloon (5 F, length 20 ～ 30 mm) and / or small balloon catheters (2. 6 F, length 36 mm) in all patients, and stents were embedded in 11 of them. Results A total of 46 PTA were successfully performed (1 time, 20 cases; 2 times, 12 cases, and 3 times, 3 cases) via contralateral femoral approach (26) and left brachial approach (15). Stenosis were significantly decreased from 75% ～ 98% pre-PTA to 10% ～ 30% post-PTA.Systolic pressure decreased from 170 mmHg (150 ～ 210 mmHg) pre-PTA to 135 mmHg (100 - 190 mmHg) post-PTA and diastolic pressure decreased from 120 mmHg (90 - 145 mmHg) to 85 mmHg (80 - 125 mmHg) respectively. Restenosis rates were 39% after first PTA and 15% after the second time. All 46 times of PTA used 26 ordinary balloon catheters and 20 microballoon catheters. 8 self-expandable stents (Wallstent) and 3 balloon-dilatation stents (Palmaz) were released in 11 cases. There were healed case (n = 11) , melioration (n = 15), improvement (n = 7), and inefficiency (n = 2) after follow - up of 23 months (3 - 60 month). No complication occured except puncture site hematoma via the brachial artery approach in 1 case. Conclusions PTA is safe and effective in the treatment of TRAS and high rate of procedure success may be achieved with the help of brachial approach and micro-balloon catheter.Reasonable use of stents is beneficial in decreasing the restenosis.

Objective To study inflammatory cytokines changes in brain tissue of neonatal rats with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL).Method A total of 80 neonatal SD rats (P3) were randomly assigned into 2 equal groups,sham-operated group and PVL group.Rats in each group were further assigned into four subgroups (12,24,48,72 h),with 10 rats in each subgroup.The hypoxic-ischemic PVL modal were established following the procedure:first,isolation and ligation of left common carotid artery,and then exposed to 8％ O2 and 92％ N2 for 2.5 h.The sham-operated rats were processed with isolation of left common carotid artery only.Rats of the four subgroups were sacrificed at 12,24,48 h and 72 h respectively,then the brains were rapidly removed in corresponding time.Pathological changes of brain tissues were observed using HE stain.The mRNA expression levels of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)and inter leukin-1β (IL-1β) were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR assays,the protein levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method.Result The brains tissues of rats in PVL group showed remarkably hyperemia and edema,with left ventricle enlargement.Periventricular white matter structure was disintegrated comparing with sham-operated group.The expression of TNF-α and IL-1 β mRNA in PVL group increased significantly,reaching peak by 24 h and then gradually decreased 72 h after the procedure.The mRNA levels of TNF-c and IL-1 β were significantly different between each two time points of 12,24 h and 48 h in PVL group (P ＜0.05).However,there was no differences between 72 h and 48 h within PVL and sham-operated group group(P ＞0.05).In PVL group,the protein expression trends of TNF-α and IL-1 β were similar to mRNA expression trends.Moreover,the protein levels were significantly different between each two time points of TNF-α and IL-1 β,respectively (P ＜ 0.01).The protein expression levels of TNF-α were different at each time point between PVL group and sham-operated group[(189.2 ± 20.4) pg/ml vs.(131.4 ±5.2) pg/ml at 12 h,(213.8 ± 16.7) pg/ml vs.(127.7 ±7.4) pg/ml at 24 h,(181.7 ± 15.0) pg/ml vs.(126.3 ± 6.0) pg/ml at 48 h,(159.6 ± 25.3) pg/ml vs.(131.4 ± 6.0) pg/ml at 72 h;P ＜0.01].The protein levels of IL-1β were different between the two groups only at 24 h and 48 h.[(121.8 ±30.0) pg/ml vs.(67.4 ± 13.7) pg/ml,(83.3 ± 15.7) pg/ml vs.(65.3 ± 14.9) pg/ml;P ＜0.05].In sham-operated group,no differences of TNF-α and IL-1 β protein levels were found between any different time points (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-1β are involved in ischemic-hypoxia induced PVL.Dynamic detection of inflammatory factors is expected to be an important method of early diagnosis,assessment of treatment efficacy and prognosis of PVL.

Objective To explore the changes of inflammatory factors in patients with different stage of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) ,and to study the changes of immune microenvironment in patients with RA .Methods The serum levels of tumor necrosis factor(TNF) ,interleukin‐10(IL‐10) ,interleukin‐6(IL‐6) ,interleukin‐1β(IL‐1β) and interleukin‐4(IL‐4) in patients with RA on ac‐tive stage(36 cases) ,patients with RA on remitting stage and healthy individuals (30 cases)were detected by using cytometric bead array .Results The serum levels of IL‐6 ,IL‐1βand TNF in active stage RA group were higher than those in control group and re‐mitting stage RA group ,while serum levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 were lower than those in control group and remitting stage RA group , and the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The serum levels of IL‐6 and IL‐1βin remitting stage RA group were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0 .05) .There were no significant differences in levels of IL‐4 ,IL‐10 and TNF between remitting stage RA group and control group(P>0 .05) .As the disease develops ,except for IL‐6 which tended to be stable , the serum levels of IL‐4 and IL‐10 had a rising trend ,while serum levels of IL‐1βand TNF had a downward trend with the progres‐sion of RA .Conclusion There is an imbalance between Th1 and Th2 cytokines in patients with RA on active stage ,in which Th1 cytokines are dominantly expressed .Periodic detection of inflammatory factors according to the course of RA could provide a relia‐ble basis for the assessment of disease activity .