Degenerative process is an accumulation of free radicals that can lead to a variety of changes in the cell. This aim of the study to see the effects of different dietary lipid intervention on lipid profi le and lipid peroxidation in female aged cynomolgus monkey. Twelve female Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) were randomly divided into 4 dietary groups of three animals. Animals were held in individual cages and placed in the position where they can interact individually. They were given a normal fat diet with 2% cholesterol and 3% of fat from soybean oil and 9% of lipid as beef tallow (BFT), catfi sh oil (CFO), fermented catfi sh oil (FCFO) and soybean oil (SBO). Evaluation of their body weights, serum lipid profi le and cholesterol content consumption were done monthly except an index of lipid peroxidation were performed before and after 12 weeks intervention. Animal group that consumed the feed more than 82% has body weight gain, such as CFO and BFT. On the other side, animal group that consumed less than 70% has body weight loss, such as FCFO. There was no effect (p > 0.05) of the experimental diets on decreasing triglyceride levels and increasing HDL cholesterol level. Cynomolgous given BFT, CFO, and FCFO diet for 3 months showed signifi cantly increased (p < 0.05) in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol level, but the monkeys fed with SBO showed lower levels. Statistically, All of diet interventions do not signifi cantly affect on lipid peroxidation in LDL (p < 0.05). In general it can be concluded that catfi sh oil signifi cantly cause elevated levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol in blood serum, but not in the HDL plasma

Introduction: Newborns have low vitamin A reserves and rely on breastmilk to meet their vitamin A needs. This study aimed to determine factors associated with vitamin A concentration in colostrum of rural postpartum mothers. Methods: Out of 180 postpartum women interviewed at seven Community Health Centers in South Sulawesi Province, 160 who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Breastmilk (colostrum) samples were obtained shortly after delivery from the breast that was not full and not fed to the infant for at least 30 min. Breastmilk samples of 3-5 mls were collected into sterile plastic tubes using a manual pump. The samples were immediately placed in an icebox and transported to the laboratory within six hours after collection. Vitamin A concentrations were determined using HPLC method. Socioeconomic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, gestational age, and dietary intake of mothers (24-hour recall) were obtained. Bivariate and multiple linear regression analysis were undertaken to determine factors associated with vitamin A concentration in colostrum. Results: Dietary assessment showed unsatisfactory intake levels of calories, fat, protein, vitamin A, iron and zinc compared to the recommendations for Indonesia. Mean vitamin A concentration in colostrum was 58.2 μg/dl, and about 81.2% of the participants had normal colostrum vitamin A concentration. Iron intake and gestational age were significantly associated with colostrum vitamin A concentrations. Conclusion: Majority of the postpartum mothers had normal colostrum vitamin A concentration. Maternal dietary intake including iron is important to ensure adequacy of vitamin A in breastmilk.

Introduction: Compliance of Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) 2010 relates to the reduction of mortality risks due to Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). In Indonesia, AHEI has not been widely used to evaluate diet quality especially for CHD. This study aims to analyse the diet quality changes for CHD. Methods: This study used the secondary data of Cohort Study of Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors from the Indonesian Ministry of Health. The diet quality was assessed by using modified AHEI 2010 USA, adjusted to the Indonesian portion. Single 24-hour dietary was performed once prior to CHD and once after CHD. The CHD sufferers were assessed based on the result of ECG and 124 new cases. This study used the longitudinal repeated measures. Results: The total score for diet quality a year prior to CHD was 58.6 point and a year after CHD was 63.6 point. After the improvement, the diet quality score a year after CHD increased five points, 66.9% which shows score improvement (improved diet quality) and 33.1% which shows score deterioration (deteriorating diet quality). There are some differences and the significant improvement diet quality is at the total score, specifically fruits, nuts and sodium score (P<0.05). Conclusion: The CHD diet quality had improved up to five points, in which the points of fruits components were 2.8, nuts and sodium were one. Although, it was significantly improved, the intake had not achieved the recommendation.