We report a case of a twin pregnancy, wherein one twin presented with an abdominal cyst since 12 weeks' gestational age. Upon referral at 21 weeks' gestational age, three-dimensional ultrasound with Fly thru technology was used to aid in the identification of the etiology and nature of the mass. Once megacystis was confirmed, serial vesicocentesis and urine biochemistries were used to direct the management. This shows the potential of Fly thru technology in aiding the clinician in studying fetal congenital anomalies. This can help guide the diagnosis and provide earlier and timely management of such cases.

Human ; Female ; Adult ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Gestational Age ; Megaduodenum ; Fetal Diseases ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Urinary Bladder ; Duodenum ; Cysts

We report a case of a twin pregnancy, wherein one twin presented with an abdominal cyst since 12 weeks' gestational age. Upon referral at 21 weeks' gestational age, three-dimensional ultrasound with Fly thru technology was used to aid in the identification of the etiology and nature of the mass. Once megacystis was confirmed, serial vesicocentesis and urine biochemistries were used to direct the management. This shows the potential of Fly thru technology in aiding the clinician in studying fetal congenital anomalies. This can help guide the diagnosis and provide earlier and timely management of such cases.

Human ; Female ; Adult ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Gestational Age ; Megaduodenum ; Fetal Diseases ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Urinary Bladder ; Duodenum ; Cysts

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common, reproductive endocrinopathy associated with ovarian dysfunction, cardiovascular disorders, obesity, and infertility. Myo-inositol is a novel treatment for women with PCOS that claimed to have improved fertility rate in this population. This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the effect of myo-inositol on pregnancy rate, menstrual cycle, and adverse effects from randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: RCTs that evaluated the efficacy of myo-inositol in improving pregnancy rate and regulation of menstrual cycle in women with PCOS. Electronic databases were searched and studies published up to October 24, 2021 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Study selection and assessment of quality were conducted independently by two review authors. Results: Seven studies with 729 patients treated with myo-inositol and 677 patients treated with placebo and/or metformin were included in the analysis. The research groups did not diverge significantly in terms of basic characteristics, such as age, adnexal or uterine pathology, body mass index, and duration of infertility. In the myo-inositol group, regulation of the normal menstrual cycle is at 20%, significantly higher than the metformin group at 12%, (p<0.001). However, there is no significant difference in the pregnancy rate between myoinositol and placebo (p=0.42) and/or metformin (p=0.17). Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that myo-inositol can be an alternative treatment for PCOS in terms of regulation of menses and may improve the success of spontaneous pregnancies. However, additional randomized, double-blind controlled trials with larger sample sizes, low heterogeneity, and uniform inclusion criteria are recommended to establish the effects of myo-inositol on PCOS treatment and pregnancy rate.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome|pregnancy Rate|menstrual Cycle|randomized Controlled Trial