Objective:To investigate the expression of transforming growth factor ?1(TGF-?1) in dog mandibular distraction osteogenensis (DO). Methods: Mandibular DO model was established in 12 dogs and nonunion model in another 12 dogs, 4 dogs were used as the no-treatment control. Tissue samples were obtained 6 d,2 and 8 weeks after operation respectively.Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to determine the expressions of TGF-?1 in the samples.Results: TGF-?1 (ng/g) in control group was 1394.3?20.1,6 d after operation that in DO and nonunion groups was 1928.5?33.5(vs control,P

Objective To explore the short?term functional outcomes of the reconstruction of the proximal humerus by re?verse shoulder arthroplasty after tumor rescetion. Methods 8 patients who underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty after tumor resection between January 2013 and December 2014. 5 were female and 3 were male, mean aged was 38 years old (25-61). 2 chon?drosarcomas and 6 giant cell tumors. Enneking stageing of 2 cases with chondrosarcoma were stageⅠB and stageⅡB. 6 giant cell tumors were Campanacci stage 3, meanwhile 3 cases had pathological fractures. The deltoid and axillary nerve were intact in all patients by image analysis before the operation. The proximal humerus was resected according to Malawer typeⅠresection. Then reverse shoulder arthroplasty reconstruction and bone graft was performed. The follow?up was scheduled, and the patient received X?ray examination of the shoulder. The range of motion of the shoulder was measured, the Constant?Murley score and musculoskel?etal tumor society(MSTS) score was recorded. Results The mean duration of the operation was 2.7 h (2-3.5 h). The bleeding in the operation was 510 ml (300-850 ml). The mean length of humerus resection was 8 cm (6-10 cm). The allografts were used in 7 cases and reimplantation after tumor bone deactivation was used in one. The latissimus dorsi transfer were performed in 2 cases. The rotator cuff were resected 1-1.5 cm from the great and lesser tubercles. The follow?up was 13 months (3-26 months). No infec?tion, dislocation, or loosening of prosthesis was found by the last follow?up. The X?ray showed the case who received reimplanta?tion after tumor bone deactivation had achieved bone union 1 year postoperation,7 cases received allograft had still nonunion at the host?graft junction. Bone resorption were found in all cases in different extent but the prosthesis were stable. No local recur?rence of the tumor was found. At last follow?up, active abduction was 155° (100°-175° ) and active forward elevation was 150° (115°-170°) and Constant?Murley score was 76%(68%-87%). The MSTS score was 92%(87%-97%). Conclusion The func?tional outcomes of the reconstruction of the proximal humerus by reverse shoulder arthroplasty after tumor rescetion was satisfied in early period. The reverse shoulder arthroplasty can be used in younger patient, but long?term results need further study.

Objective To investigate the most appropriate surgical methods,different surgical modes of osmidrosis and their clinical effi-cacy were observed. Methods Clinical data was collected from 200 cases of axillary osmidrosis from January 2011 to July 2013. These cases were divided into four groups of the traditional group,minimally invasive group,RF pen-frequency electric cautery group and improved curet-tage group. Results The traditional group(80 cases) has an average healing period of 18. 7 days for operative incision including 78 cured cases(97. 5%)and 2 significant improved cases(2. 5%). The minimally invasive group(60 cases)has an average healing time of 8. 6 days, among which there are 3 cured cases(5%),8 significant improved cases(13. 3%),16 improved cases(26. 7%),4 cases(6. 7%)with weak curative effect and 29 failed cases(48. 3%). In the RF pen-frequency electric cautery group(30 cases),there are 5 significant improved ca-ses(16.7%),8improvedcases(26.7%)and17failedcases(56.6%).Theimprovedcurettagegroup(30cases)withanaverageincision healingtimeof9.8dayscontains28curedcases(93.3%)and2significantimprovedcases(6.7%). Conclusion Thetraditionalgroup shows the best curative effect,nevertheless the incision needs a considerably amount of time to recover. The patients under the treatment of minimally invasive surgery or RF pen-frequency electric cautery can recover in short time but recrudescence always occur. The improved cu-rettage method,which is effective and safe,combines the advantages of traditional surgery and minimally invasive surgery. However,large scar left from this method still remains as its major disadvantage but the overall curative effect is satisfactory. The improved curettage is proved to be the most appropriate method for axillary osmidrosis.

Objective:To summarize the indications, early functional outcome, complications and precautions of modular reverse shoulder tumor prosthesis in the treatment of proximal humerus tumor.Methods:From September 2018 to October 2019, there were 7 patients with proximal humeral tumor underwent tumor resection and modular reverse shoulder tumor prosthesis replacement in our hospital, including 6 males and 1 female. The average age of the patients was 32 years (14-59 years), including 3 cases of giant cell tumors, 2 cases of osteosarcomas, one case of myeloma and one case of renal cancer metastasis. The prosthesis reconstruction was performed after the removal of the proximal humerus tumor according to malawer type I. Postoperative outpatient follow-up included X-ray of shoulder joint, measurement of shoulder joint activity, functional evaluation using Constant-Murley function score and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) function score.Results:All the 7 patients successfully completed the operation, the operation times were ranged from 125 to 215 min, averaged 158 min; the intraoperative hemorrhage were ranged from 100 to 500 ml, the averaged 257 ml; the length of resected proximal humerus were ranged from 10 to 16 cm, averaged 12 cm. All patients were followed up for 4-17 months, with an average of 8 months. At the last follow-up, the average active abduction of shoulder was 108° (80°-175°), and the average active flexion was 124° (90°-175°). Three patients complained of mild discomfort in the shoulder, the rest of the patients had no pain in the shoulder. Sleep was not affected in all patients, and the hands of seven patients could go over the top of head, and they could live and work normally. In 7 patients, the rotation of shoulder joint was limited, the abduction force of shoulder joint was decreased, the Constant-Murley function score was 72% (59%-78%), and the MSTS function score was 84% (67%-93%). None of the 7 patients had incision infection, hematoma and other related complications. There was one dislocation occurred one month after the operation because the humeral adhesion of deltoid was resected. After open reduction, a larger glenoid ball was used and tension of deltoid muscle was tightened, and no dislocation was found.Conclusion:The combined tumor prosthesis of reverse shoulder has the advantages of simple installation, lower operative requirements compared with the common reverse shoulder prosthesis compounded with allograft, easy to control the length of the prosthesis, and also can achieve satisfactory results.