No abstract available.
Discrimination (Psychology)* ; Foot*

After item analysis of examinations in College of Medicine, the correlation among characteristics were examined for the better understanding of their meaning. The 78 subjected examinations in College of Medicine, Hallym University, Korea from March 1999 to October 2000 were analyzed. Discrimination indexes (D) by the method of extreme group were positively correlated with item-total correlation(ITC) with mean correlation coefficient r=0.8506 ranged between 0.6430 and 0.9520. Number of items of each examination was positively correlated with Cronbach coefficient alpha reliability index(r=0.7920) whereas negatively correlated with standard deviation(r=-0.5691), odd-even split reliability index(r=-0.8767) and mean ITC(r=-0.4079). Thereafter, the standard deviation was positively correlated with odd-even split reliability index (r=0.5072) and mean ITC(r=0.6166). There was negative correlation between Cronbach coefficient alpha reliability index and odd-even split reliability index(r=-0.7385). Above results suggested that the number of items in each examination was most powerful factor affecting to other item analysis characteristics. The appropriate number of items should be considered for better result of item analysis characteristics. Odd-even split reliability index is not appropriate for the estimation of the reliability among item, since it decreased according to the increase of number of items. Positive and high correlation between D and ITC means that both methods are appropriate to interpretate the discriminating power of the items.
Discrimination (Psychology) ; Korea

The Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue Test is very useful clinical color discrimination test for detecting color deficient person in quantitative and qualitative diagnosis. In this study 45 subjects were examined by the F-M Test and of these 22 were diagnosed as normal and 23 as color anomalous. The 23 anomalous persons were composed of 6 deutans, 9 protans and 8 unclassified red-green defects. These 23 color anomalous subjects were examined by the three kinds of pseudoisochromatic plates), Ishihara (15 plates), Dvorine (15 plates) and Ao H-R-R (20 plates), and their results were compared with the results of the Farnsworth-Munsell test.
Diagnosis ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the mechanism underlying the auditory discriminatory process reflected in mismatch negativity (MMN), using time-frequency analysis of single-trial event-related potentials (ERPs). METHODS: Two auditory tones of different probabilities (oddball paradigm) and the same probability (control paradigm) were used. The average dynamic changes in amplitude were evaluated, and the in-phase consistency of the EEG spectrum at each frequency and time window across trials, event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs), and inter-trial phase coherence (ITC) were computed. RESULTS: Subtraction of the ERPs of standard stimuli from the ERPs of deviant stimuli revealed a clear MMN component in the oddball paradigm. However, no discernible MMN component was observed in the control paradigm. Statistical tests showed that in the oddball paradigm, deviant tones produced significant increases of theta ERSPs and ITC at around 250 ms as compared with the standard tone, while no significant difference between the two stimuli was observed in the control paradigm. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm that the auditory discriminatory process reflected in MMN is accompanied by phase resetting and power modulation at the theta frequency.
Discrimination (Psychology) ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine how human neural activity might be changed through auditory short-term training when listening to novel stimuli. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Among the twenty young normal hearing adult listeners who participated, ten were randomly assigned to a training group and ten were assigned to a non-training group as a control. Two synthesized novel stimuli were used: /su/ and /integralu/. Both stimuli similarly sounded like /su/, but had two different onset transition frequencies and fricative pole frequencies. In the experiment, behavioral identification test (i.e., /su/ vs. /integralu/) and the mismatch negativity (MMN) were measured before and after training for the training group. To gauge the training effect, the listeners in the training group were taught by discrimination and identification of two novel stimuli for about 20 minutes. RESULTS: The results showed that scores for the behavioral test increased significantly after auditory short-term training. Also, onset latency, duration, and area of the MMN were significantly changed when elicited by the training stimuli. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicated that auditory short-term training could change human neural activity, suggesting future clinical applications for auditory training.
Adult ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Hearing ; Humans

In order to compare a group of examinees to other group, the tests taken by two groups of examinees should be equivalent. The first step of the equating the test is to make anchor items. In medical schools, the students prepare the examination through the thorough review of the test items of previous year. So it is said that the reuse of the same items could be undesirable. The purpose of this study is to find out response variations to the same items between two consecutive grades when the items are reused. The senior classes of a medical school are sampled and the test items of graduation examination was analysed. On the basis of item difficulty(item's p-value) and discrimination index, we selected 35 items. Next year, we reused those items to the same examination to the senior class of that year, and the result was analysed. Among those 35 items, 14 items were modified slightly. The averages of the item difficulty and discrimination index on the previous examination were 0.49 and 0.20 which were in the desirable ranges. But at the next year these data were worsened to 0.84 and 0.10 respectively. This trends were not different in the slightly modified items. And there was no significant differences among the item groups classified on the basis of the level of knowledge. We could ascertain that if a previously used item used again to a test, the item difficulty will increase(become easy) and discrimination index will decrease even though minor modification is done.
Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Schools, Medical*

To determine allele frequency of GABARB1 Jcus in Korean, first, we sequenced each allele, which was amplified with primers that published before. We found mismatching between allele number and size of each allele when 'GATA' repeats are counted. The sequence revealed new 'GATA' repeat. So we had made new allele designation with total number of in 176 Korean people. The heterozygosity this locus was 0.716 and mean exclusion chance (MEC) and power of discrimination (PD) were 0.433 and 0.845, respectively. In this study, we emphasized necessity of sequencing of 2-3 alleles, which have same size before setting up allelic ladder.
Alleles* ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Gene Frequency*

In this study, we described the new developed method to simultaneously discriminate two herbal drugs of Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba using eight marker compounds (1 – 8) on an HPLC-PDA system. The developed method was applied to quantify the major components of two herbal drugs. The pattern analysis successfully discriminated and evaluated different components between Artemisiae Argyi Folium and Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba. Results were used for classification of different species from collected samples.
Artemisia ; Classification ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Methods

The study was designed to examinate the discrimination rate of 4 antero-posterior cephalometric measurements from Angle's malocclusion groups. The material was 246 cephalometric radiographs taken from 42 Normal occlusions, 83 Class I malocclusions, 64 Class II Division I malocclusions, 57 Class III malocclusions. ANB angle, APDI, AB/OP angle, and Wits appraisal as measurements of antero-posterior skeletal relationship were measured on the cephalometric radiographs and statistically analyzed by the Canonical Discriminant Function. The results of this study were as follows 1. ANB angle, APDI, AB/OP angle, and Wits appraisal were clinically useful measurements for the evaluation of the antero-posterior skeletal relationship 2. The rates that discriminate actual malocclusion groups were 77.45% in Wits appraisal, 74.02% in AB/OP angle, 71.08% in ANB angle, and 70.59% in APDl. 3. The discrimination rate of actual Class III malocclusion show above 93%, but actual Class I and Class II division I malocclusions were relatively low.
Discrimination (Psychology) ; Epidemiologic Studies* ; Malocclusion*

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the mediation effect of stress between the experience of discrimination and life satisfaction among North Korean refugees who resettled in South Korea. The findings of the current study provide empirical evidence for the need of social interventions to mitigate adverse effects of stress on North Korean refugees who are subject to social discrimination on a daily basis. METHODS: In this study, we included 500 subjects among 2,138 North Korean refugees who took refuge in South Korea in 2007. The interview started from April 6th 2009 and finished on May 25th 2009. We conducted moderator effect analysis with Path analysis was conducted because we confirm the experience of discrimination was affected by life satisfaction and stress can affected life satisfaction as a moderator. RESULTS: The experience of discrimination significantly affects stress and stress significantly affects life satisfaction. However, the experience of discrimination was not directly related to life satisfaction. The more stress the study respondents experienced, the lower the life satisfaction they reported. CONCLUSION: The present finding suggests that the effects of discriminating experiences on the life satisfaction of North Korean refugees in South Korea were mediated by their own perceived stress.
Discrimination (Psychology) ; Humans ; Korea ; Negotiating ; Refugees ; Social Discrimination ; Surveys and Questionnaires