No abstract available.
Diptera*

No abstract available.
Diptera*

No abstract available.
Diptera*

No abstract available.
Diptera

Background: Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1819) is an invasive freshwater snail in the Philippines that damages crops but is consumed as food. It is known to harbor parasites, some of which are pathogenic to humans. Objectives: The objective of this study is to examine P. canaliculata individuals present in Metro Manila for parasite infection and identify the parasites and other organisms associated with the snail using molecular identification. Methodology: P. canaliculata were collected from rivers and marketplaces in Metro Manila. Individuals were crushed and digested in Ash's digestive fluid and observed under a microscope. Collected parasites were subjected to DNA barcoding of the COI gene for putative identification. Results: A total of 462 snails were gathered from 15 sites, eight of which were market areas that sourced the snails from outside Metro Manila. No known parasites were found. Two snails were found to contain insect larvae in the mantle (0.43% infection). The closest BLAST matches for the two insect larvae were the chironomid fly Nilodorum tainanus (91.0% identity) from a snail in Sucat, Muntinlupa, and another chironomid Parachironomus sp. (92.8% identity) found in a snail originally from Cavite and brought to Calumpang, Marikina. Conclusion This study is the first report of the presence of chironomids in Philippine P. canaliculata. This could have an impact on the allergenic status of these mollusks if consumed while containing these chironomids. The absence of infection of other medically important parasites is possibly due to the patchy distribution of the snails and few interactions with the definitive hosts of known parasites.
Chironomidae ; Diptera

A optical endoscope has disadvantages; giving pain and not applying to a postoperative patient. If it substitutes for a virtual endoscope, noninvasive observation can be gained. This paper describes a developed viewer, using Visual C++ 6.0 and Openlnventor2.5.2 (object-oriented 3D toolkit) library, for the manipulation of 3D anatomy object model. It is named Anatomy Viewer. The viewer is implemented under the PC environment. It can rotate, zoom in and out, and fly through anatomy models on 3D space and translate into a interested area, and then save as a TGA image file like a real endoscope. Also, as it is improved in the network, we exchange data and discuss with someone who is in the other place. This viewer is very useful to understand the anatomy structure, to diagnose, and to make a surgical plan in preoperative step. We verified its usefulness by observing a 3D bronchus model that is reconstructed with CT image slices.
Bronchi ; Diptera ; Endoscopes* ; Humans

Freshly fed or half gravid An.sundaicus collected in An Thoi Dong commune, Can Gio district, Ho Chi Minh city were brought to the insectary of NIMPE for colonizing. Larvae were fed by a combination of 4gr bread powder + 4 shrimp powder + 2gr bean powder + 0.001gr vitamine B1. Larvae were contained at the conditions: a density of 0.3 larvae/cm2 of the surface water. Water for rearing was taken form the field with the salinity of 0.6 – 0.8%. Room temperature of 27 – 31oC, humidity of 60 – 90%. At these conditions, the image period took the time of 5 – 17 days. From the 8th generation (F8), mosquitoes were found to take free matting in the cage of 30 x 30 x 30 cm
Laboratories ; Culicidae ; diagnosis ; Diptera

A total of 181 cases of industrial ocular injuries hospitalized and treated at the St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul during the 5-year period was studied on their epidemiological characteristics. Of there patients 96.7% were males, and 43.6% were in twenties, 49.7% of the cases were injured on left eyes. There were no statistically significant differences in frequencies of study subjects by day of the week and month of the year. Most common injury hour were between 10- < 12 AM(13.6%) and between 2- < 4 PM(20%). Of the total 101 cases, 37.6% were working less than 6 months, and 73.7%, less than 2 years. Of the total, 42.3% were involved in machinery work and 13.9%, in construction work. According to the American National Standard Method of recording basic facts relating to the nature and occurrence of work injuries, 62% among all source of injuries was metal item and the most common accident type was struck by flying objects(76.2%). Among 181 cases, only 2 cases wearing protective equipment when the accidents occurred.
Diptera ; Humans ; Male ; Seoul

Aims: The primary aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of rearing substrates on the nutritional content of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) by incorporating Cupriavidus necator cells containing intracellular polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) in BSFL diet to further increase the protein content and simultaneously to biologically extract the polymer by utilizing the digestive system of BSFL. The potential application of BSFL as a biological PHB extraction agent was determined. Methodology and results: Two feeding strategies consists of a mixture of protein (P) to carbohydrate (C) with a ratio of P50:C50 food waste (control feeding) and feed with bacterial cells (modified feeding). A comparison on the proximate analysis between this research and two commercially available products were conducted. Feeding BSFL with P50:C50 food waste revealed the highest crude protein content of 81.3 ± 0.2%. Additional bacteria cells in the BSFL diet, however, showed a negligible decrease in crude protein content of 0.67% as compared to the control feeding. Howbeit, this results comparably higher in contrast to the commercial products, with increment of crude protein content by 12.1% and 40.8%, respectively. Conclusion, significance and impact of study Two desirable products were obtained from the feeding with cells: (1) high protein content of BSFL and (2) biologically extracted polymer. This is the first study to demonstrate the utilization of BSFL as a biological extraction agent to partially extract biopolymer and increase the protein content by feeding with cells.
Diptera ; Polyhydroxybutyrates ; Animal Feed

Developed proteome-scale ortholog and paralog prediction methods are mainly based on sequence similarity. However, it is known that even the closest BLAST hit often does not mean the closest neighbor. For this reason, we added conserved interaction information to find orthologs. We propose a genome-scale, automated ortholog prediction method, named OrthoInterBlast. The method is based on both sequence and interaction similarity. When we applied this method to fly and yeast, 17% of the ortholog candidates were different compared with the results of Inparanoid. By adding protein-protein interaction information, proteins that have low sequence similarity still can be selected as orthologs, which can not be easily detected by sequence homology alone.
Diptera ; Proteins ; Sequence Homology ; Yeasts