Objective To know about the status quo and influencing factors of undergraduate nurses' psychological empowerment at present,and provide a theoretical basis for nursing administrators so as to take measures to raise the level of psychological empowerment of undergraduate nurses.Methods General information questionnaire for nurses,Psychological Empowerment Scale were used to survey 207 undergraduate nurses in 3 first class teaching hospital of Dalian City.Results Undergraduate nurses' psychological empowerment score was (43.890±6.515) points,four dimensions whose scores from high to low were self-efficacy,job significance,autonomy and job impact.There was statistical difference in terms of ages,working length,working positions,professional titles,working purposes and training opportunities.Among them,working position and working purpose were the most important influencing factors of psychological empowerment.Conclusions Psychological empowerment of undergraduate nurses needs to be improved,managers should pay attention to the role of psychological empowerment,and actively cultivate and correctly guide undergraduate nurses in order to stimulate their potential in work,and finally,promote the sustainable development of a solid nursing career.

It is a consensus to place stent after cutting bile duct in the hepatobiliary surgery in the past.However,as the development of bile physiological research and surgical technique,especially the raise of medical concepts of rapid recovery,the negative effects which are caused by the placement of stent have been taken seriously gradually.Up to now,whether the stent should be placed after the bile duct is cut has no definite answer yet.

Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain the pathogenesis of hemorrhoidal diseases. However, the etiology and mechanisms of hemorrhoids are far from clear, and as a consequence the present therapeutic objective is just to relieve or abolish the symptoms of hemorrhoids. In this review, the recent research advances on the pathophysiological characteristics that are closely associated with hemorrhoids are analyzed and discussed, which include constipation, high anal resting pressure, anal mucosa damage, aging of the anal cushion supporting tissue, blood and vessel alterations, obstruction of microcirculation and biochemical changes.

With advancements in the field of cancer stem cells,the hypothesis that colon cancer originates from stem cells has not only been introduced but also receives substantial supports by separating a subpopulation of colon cancer cells through primitive cells markers.Unlike most non-tumourigenasis colon cancer cells,these tumor-initiating cells have many specific characters both in vitro and in vivo.An improved understanding of drug resistance based on cancer stem cells and molecular pathways that regulate proliferation and differentiation of gastrointestinal cancer stem cells could doubtless translate into new therapeutic strategies.

Sunitinib malate (SU11248 ,Sutent) is an orally available small-molecule multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has potent anti-angiogenic and antitumour activities.In 2006 sunitinib was approved by FDA for imatinib intolerant gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) patients or imatinib resistant GIST patients.This article review the molecular-based mechanism,the mechanism of resistance,the biomarker,the clinical trials and the adverse effects of sunitinib in the treatment of imatinib-resistant GIST.

Objective To investigate the effects and safety of mechanical continue heart chest compression ventilation (CCV) and interrupt pressure ventilation (30∶2) on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).Methods According to the mechanical pressure ventilation different way,90 patients with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in our hospital emergency center were admitted into control group (30∶2 group) with 48 cases and observation group (CCV group) with 42 cases,with a before and after case-control study to compare the recovery effects [rate of spontaneous circulation restoration (ROCS),successful recovery rate,the ROCS time,withdraw machine time,and Glasgow coma scale(GCS) in successful recovery patients] and recovery of adveme events (fracture,skin lesions,hemopneumothorax,and visceral injury).Results With comparison between two groups,CCV group had shorter ROCS recovery time and withdraw machine time [(9.31±4.32) min vs (12.67±4.86) min,(32.07 t4.84) min vs (36.33 ± 3.37)min,P ＜0.05],higher rate of ROCS and successful recovery rate (42.9％ vs 22.9％,21.4％ vs 6.3％,P ＜ 0.05) than 30∶2 group;while both were no difference in Glasgow coma scale (GCS) in successful recovery patients (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of adverse events were not different in both (11.9％ vs 8.3％,P ＞0.05).Conclusions Mechanical continue chest compression ventilation (CCV) compared to interrupt pressure ventilation (30∶ 2) can effectively shorten the ROCS recovery time and withdraw machine time,improve the ROSC recovery rate and success rate of recovery,but failed to improve nerve functions.Two groups have a lower incidence of adverse events,which is safe to use.

Objective:To explore the effectiveness and recurrence prevention of esomeprazole at different doses in the patients with reflux esophagitis ( RE) . Methods:Totally 240 patients with RE were divided into mild or severe group with 120 cases in each accord-ing to the illness severity. The two groups were respectively divided into four groups according to the random number table, namely the full dose treatment group, half dose treatment group, intermittent treatment group and on-demand treatment group. The groups were fol-lowed up for 6 months, and GERD-HRQI scores, the recurrence rate and incidence of adverse reactions in all the groups were com-pared. Results:After the 6-month follow-up, the differences in the GERD-HRQI scores, recurrence rate and incidence of adverse re-actions among the groups with different doses were statistically significant (P<0. 05). The GERD-HRQI scores and RE recurrence rate in on-demand treatment group were significantly higher than those in the other groups(P<0. 05), and the incidence of adverse re-actions in the total dose treatment group was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Intermittent treatment with esomeprazole at small dose can effectively prevent RE recurrence, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and treat-ment costs, which is worthy of promotion.

Objective By measuring the concentrations of serum IL-2,IL-4,IL-8 and TNF-αin chronic bronchitis patients before and after the acupoint sticking therapy which was also called winter disease treated in summer to investigate the effect of therapy on serum concentrations of IL-2,IL-4,IL-8 and TNF-α.Methods 30 cases of patients diagnosed with chronic bronchitis in paracmasia and did not recieve other related treatment were randomly divided into acupoint application therapy group (treatment group)and the control group.The treatment group was giventhree Fuacupoint sticking therapy,the control group was given thecomfortacupoint sticking therapy.Serum IL-2,IL-4,IL-8 and TNF-αconcentrations were compared between the 2 groups before and after treatment.Results In the treatment group,the serum IL-2 concentration of patients after treatment was significantly higher than that before treatment(P <0.05),IL-8 and TNF-αconcentrations were significantly lower than those before therapy(P <0.05).Af-ter treatment,serum IL-2,IL-4 levels were significantly higher than those in the control group(P <0.05 )while IL-8 and TNF-αwere significantly lower than those of the control group(P <0.05 ).Conclusion Acupoint sticking therapy in summer for winter diseases effectively increase the concentration of serum IL-2 in patients with chronic bronchitis,reduced IL-8,TNF-α concentra-tions,and enhance their own immunity ability,reduce the degree of inflammation.

Objective To explore the time-related expressions of TGF-?1mRNA during the healing process of rat skin wounds. Method Using the method of the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reac-tion (RT-PCR) on intra-vital rat skin incised wounds (0.5h, 1h, 3h, 6h, 48h, 72h, 96h, 168h after incision) and postmortem rat skin incised wounds (0.5h, 1h, 3h after incision) to detect the dynamics of expression Ievel of TGF-?1mRNA. The strength of the expression of TGF-?1mRNA in scanned image was using ID-Advanced software. Results The results of RT-PCR showed that TGF-?1mRNA Ievel increased at 0.5h after incision and elevated significantly after 3h. The peak of TGF-?1mRNA occurred at 48h. There was no obvious expression of TGF-?1mRNA in postmortem incised wounds. Conclusion The characteristics of the TGF-?1mRNA expression were potentially indicative for the wound aging. RT-PCR was a sensitive method for detection of the expression of cytokines in genic level.

Fluorocarbon emulsion, a substitute of blood, 20 ml/kg were injected once into dogs intravenously. As a result, part of the substitute deposited in the lympho-retic-ular system and was phagocytized by fixed and free histiocytes (rnonophagocytic system), and the histiocytes then converted into foaming cells.One month after injection, the fluorocarbon's deposits in the foaming cells remained at the peak level in the liver, spleen and other organs of the lympho-reti-cuJar system. After six months,no deposits could be found in all viscera and no signs of any pathological changes, except the spleen under a light microscope.After twelve months, no foaming cells were found in the spleen, liver, and kidney under light cmicroscope,yet but foaming cells could be found in the spleen and liver with the help of an electron microscope and we believed that this sign had no pathological significance in clinic practice.The target cells only showed the action of phagocitizing and depositing.According to our observation, the fluorocarbon emulsion is a non cytoplasmic toxin and an inert biologic substance, so there are no secondary histo-pathologic changes caused by fluorocarbon deposition. It seems that 20 ml/kg of fluorocarbon emulsion (equal to 1200 ml for adult human)injected intravenously is rather safe.