90% in 20 min and more higher than the control tablets or capsule. CONCLUSION: The optimum formulation suits to slightly soluble drugs with different o/w distribution coefficient.It can provide reference for application of the SMEDDS the practical cases.

Objective To investigate the changes of immune state and the impact on immunological rejection elicited by abdominal cavity bacterial infection after DA-Lewis rat liver transplantation.Methods Orthotopic liver transplant model was established by modified Kamada two-cuff technique.The animals were divided randomly into Group 1,isotonic Na chloride injected into abdominal cavity 3 days after operation;Group 2,mixed Bacillus coli liquid injected instead of saline;Group 3,immunosuppressive drug CsA administered routinely after operation(3 mg?kg-1?d-1).All the animals were sacrificed 7 days after infection.The blood and graft samples were collected for cell-subpopulation,mixed lymphocyte culture,IL-4,IFN-? mRNA detection and histological evaluation.Results Seven days after infection,the lympholeukocyte population,CD4/CD8(G1=1.753?0.181,G2=1.384?0.073,G3=0.997?0.025)and lympholeukocyte function(SI:G1=67.59?3.40,G2=37.14?0.90,G3=15.87?0.51)declined in Group 2 as compared with other groups and cellular differentiation drifted to Th2.There was significant difference between Group 2 and Group 1 or 3.Conclusion Abdominal cavity bacterial infection after rat liver transplantation will promote the differentiation of T cells into Th2,down-regulate CD4/CD8 ratio and immune function of lymphocytes and accordingly alleviate partly the acute rejection following liver transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the value of plasma soluble urokinase?type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR)and D?dimer for assessing disease severity and prognosis in patients with traumatic brain injury(TBI). Methods A serial of 112 patients with traumatic brain injury admired to our hospital were divided into mild TBI (GCS score 13~15),moderate TBI(GCS score 9~12)and severe TBI(GCS score 3~8). The levels of plasma suPAR and D?dimer were monitored within 24 h after patient admission. Results The levels of suPAR and D?di?mer in TBI group were obviously higher than those in the control group(15.86±7.33 vs 2.79 ± 0.69,P<0.01;3.50 ± 2.78 vs 24 ± 0.15,P<0.01). The levels of suPAR and D?dimer in the severe TBI group were also obviously high?er than those in the moderate TBI group(P<0.05). Plasma suPAR levels and GCS score had significant negative correlation(r =- 0.854,P < 0.01). D?dimer levels and GCS score showed a negative correlation(r =- 0.738, P < 0.01). Plasma suPAR and D ? dimer was positively correlated(r = 0.753,P < 0.01). The area under the curve of D?dimer(AUC)was larger,0.854,95%CI 0.763~0.945;the AUC of suPAR was 0.801,95%CI 0.698~0.903. Conclusion Higher levels of suPAR and D?dimer in TBI patients is not only relevant to the injury sever?ity ,but also closely to the prognosis.

Objective To establish a rat model of peritoneal bacterial infection after liver transplantation.Methods To construct a dark Agouti rat-to-Lewis(DA-to-LEW) rat model of liver transplantation.Peritoneal bacterial infection in the rats was induced by intraperitoneal injection of bacterial suspension.The liver function,blood gas,blood cell count and other indicators of the rat models were detected.Results There was a high mortality rate in rats with bacterial injection at day 5 after liver transplantation,therefore unfavorable for the following study.It waft better to inject the bacteria in an amount of 5×10~5 cfu/mL at day 3 after liver transplantation.The cumulative 7-day survival rate of those rats after infection reached up to 37.5%.The infection became increasingly severe,the general conditions were worsening,the rectal temperature was rising,the WBC count was increased,the pH was decreased,liver dysfunction was progressively increased,and metabolic acidosis occurred in the rats.Liver parenchymal damage was more pronounced than that of bile ductal injuries,and the rats died one after another at about 5 days after infection.Pathological examination of multiple organs showed that the main cause of death of the rats was liver damage,without accompanying lung and kidney damages.Conclusion The results of this study suggest that it is a successful method to establish a rat model of peritoneal bacterial infection after liver transplantation,and this model can be used in related experimental researches.

Adult ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury, Chronic ; Dimethylformamide ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans

Adult ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tracheal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To explore the effects of simvastatin on the protein expressions of urokinase-typeplasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into saline group , LPS group and LPS plus simvastatin group , and were then pretreated with simvastatin (1 mg/kg) for 30 minutes before addition of LPS (8 mg/kg). Changes in left ventricular pressure were recorded. Ninety minutes after LPS injection, whole blood was collected from the inferior vena cava, and neutrophils were separated. The neutrophils were then lysed to detect levels of uPA and PAI-1. Results Left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP: mmHg), maximal differential of left ventricular pressure (+dp/dtmax:mmHg/s), and heart rate (beats/min) were markedly decreased at different time points after administration of LPS, and maximal differential of left ventricular pressure increased in the rats receiving LPS as compared with those receiving saline, although the differences between the control and LPS groups were not statistically significant. LPS caused a great decline in uPA content and an elevation in PAI-1 content in neutrophils, but simvastatin diminished the impact of LPS on neutrophils. Conclusion Simvastatin plays a role in protection of cardiac function in rats with LPS-induced septic shock , and controls expressions of uPA and PAI-1 in neutrophils.

Objective:To construct a recombinant retroviral vector carrying human inducible costimulator (ICOS) gene,screen for CHO cell line stably expressing ICOS protein and to study its biological activity.Methods: ICOS cDNA was obtained from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) through RT-PCR and was cloned into retroviral vector to construct retroviral recombinant pMSCV-ICOS; the latter was then packed and the high-titer virus producing cells were screened.Then CHO cell was infected by this high-titer virus and the stable cell line was screened.CHO-ICOS cells were co-cultured with PBMC (the ratio of CHO-ICOS to PBMC being 11,12,15, and 110) in presence of substimulating dose of anti-human CD3 antibody.The proliferation of PBMC and the CD25 expression on T cells were examined by 3H-TdR incorporation method and flow cytometry,respectively.CHO-pMSCV cells co-cultured with PBMC (11) served as the negative control and PBMC served as blank control.Results: We successfully constructed the retroviral recombinant pMSCV-ICOS and obtained CHO cell line stably expressing ICOS protein.3H-TdR incorporation method and flow cytometry showed that,compared with the negative control group and the blank control group,co-culture with CHO-ICOS cells significantly inhibited the anti-CD3 antibody-induced activation and proliferation of PBMC(P

ObjectiveTo investigate the value of the MSCT liver perfusion imaging parameters inthe evaluation of the chronic hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis. Methods Liver CT perfusion ( CTP ) was performed in 107 participants,including 31 patients with mild hepatic fibrosis( S1,S2),34 patients with severe hepatic fibrosis ( S3,S4 ) and early stage of hepatic cirrhosis which conformed by liver pathologic biopsy,42 patients with hepatic cirrhosis who had typical clinical and image signs,and 30 healthy subjects as control group.The data of CTP ( HAP,PVP,LTP,HPI and TTP) at different stages were obtained with Body perfect CT-syngo CT2007A and control study with histopathologic stage.Compared the study index by the one-way ANOVA analysis. Used Spearman rank correlation to analysis the relationship between liver perfusion imaging parameters and the degrees of the chronic hepatic fibrosis. Used Logistic regression to analysis the maximum.regression coefficient among the liver perfusion imaging paraneters,which affected the histopathologic stage mostly.ResultsIn the subgroups of the chronic hepatic fibrosis S1,S2,S3,S4 to the hepatic cirrhosis,HAP values was (28.9 ±8.6),(24.6 ±2.4),(29.2 ±2.3) and (38.9 ± 7.0) ml · 100 ml -1 · min-1,respectively.HAP decreased firstly,then increased.Statistic analysis showed the difference of HAP between later-stage cirrhosis and other groups( F =40.26,P ＜ 0.01 ).PVP values of above subgroups was (111.3 ± 18.1),(92.9 ±5.3),(73.0 ±9.0) and (54.1 ± 13.8) ml · 100 ml-1 ·min -1,respectively.TLP values of above subgroups was ( 140.2 ± 25.9 ),( 117.1 ± 4.5 ),( 102.3 ± 8.7 )and (93.0 ± 11.8) ml · 100 ml-1.min-1,respectively.The difference of PVP,TL.P among each subgroup was significant ( F =136.79,67.40,respectively,P ＜ 0.01 ).HPI values of above subgroups was (20.4 ± 2.6)％,(21.0 ±2.1)％,(28.5 ±3.1)％ and (42.6± 11.1)％,respectively.TTP values of above subgroups was (123.7±22.2),(137.1 ±27.1),(145.0 ±28.6) and (166.5 ±25.1)s,respectively.The difference of HPI,TTP among each subgroup was significant( F =93.05,17.37,respectively; P ＜0.01 ).PVP,TLP was significant negative correlation with the degree of the hepatic fibrosis( r =-0.920,-0.846,respectively; P ＜0.01 ).HAP,HPI and TTP was significant positive correlation with the degree of the hepatic fibrosis( r =0.611,0.882 and 0.545,respectively; P ＜ 0.01 ).Logistic regression analysis showed the regression coefficient of PVP( - 8.798) was maximum.With an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PVP =84.76 ml · 100 ml- 1 · min- 1 as a diagnose critical point.The sensitivity was 0.890,the specificity was 0.950,and the accuracy was 0.931 in the prediction of the chronic hepatic fibrosis.Conclusions MSCT liver perfusion imaging parameters can reflect the hemodynamic changes of chronic hepatic fibrosis and cirrhosis.CTP may be helpful for differentiation the severe hepatic fibrosis and early stage of hepatic cirrhosis and later-stage cirrhosis.

Objective To observe the effect of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF)on apoptosis and matrix metabolism of rat intervertebral.disc cells cultured in vitro. Methods Culture system of rat intervertebral disc cells was established to culture the monolayer intervertebral disc cells in vitro.The well-grown intervertebral disc cells of the second generation were chosen and anti-Fas antibody was applied to induce their apoptosis.Then,VEGF at different concentrations ( 10,100,1 000 μg/L)were used to affect their apoptosis and metabolism.The apoptosis of the cells stained with Propidium Iodide (PI) was detected by using flow cytometry.The levels of hydroxyproline and proteoglycan in the culture medium were detected by using chloramines T method and DMB chromometry method,respectively.Results ( 1 ) The apoptotic ratio of the intervertebral disc cells affected by different concentrations of VEGF (10,100,1 000 μg/L) was (87.62 ±11.06)％,(53.30 ±9.23)％ and (16.75 ±4.21)％ respectively,with significant differences in comparison with the control group (P ＜ 0.01 ).(2)The contents of hydroxyproline [ (6.71 ±0.33) μg/L,(9.12 ±0.41 ) μg/L,( 11.58 ±0.12) μg/L] and proteoglycan [ (23.21 ± 2.87) μg/L,( 32.45 ± 5.23 ) μg/L,(37.18 ± 3.22) μg/] in the culture medium raised with the increase of VEGF concentration ( 10,100,1 000 μg/L),with statistical differences compared with those of the control group (P ＜0.01 ).The contents of hydroxyproline and proteoglycan were positively correlated with the concentration of VEGF (ra=0.972,P＜0.01;rb =0.907,P＜0.01). Conclusion VEGF can inhibit the apoptosis of the rat intervertebral disc cells cultured in vitro and promote collagen and proteoglycan synthesis of the cell matrix.