Objective: To establish the transplanted leukemia severe combined immunodeficiency(SCID) mouse model and to explore the biological action of human leukemic cells in SCID mice.Methods: 5?106～1?107 K562 cells were inoculated into the abdominal cavity or vein of SCID mice.Immunocytochemistry,RT-PCR,flow cytometry and histopathology were used to detect the leukemic cells in the peripheral blood,bone marrow,liver and spleen of SCID mice.Results: K562 cells could be transplanted into SCID mice through abdominal cavity or vein,and leukemia animal model was successfully established.3 weeks after transplantation,the leukemia cells could be found in the peripheral blood,The proliferation phase cells in the liver and spleen reached 40.11% and 41.66% respectively.In the terminal stage,the CD13+ cells accounted for 10.15% of bone marrow cells in model animal.The DQ?and ABL-BCR genes could be detected after injection of K562 cells,and 3 to 4 weeks after injection,the leukemic cells spread to the liver,spleen,kidney,bone marrow,and so on.Conclusion: The leukemia animal model could be successfully established by transplanting K562 cells into SCID mice.Positive rate of CD13 might be used as the index of tumor cells infiltration.

Objective To investigate the effects of total saponins of Panax ginseng(TSPG) combined with erythropoietin(EPO) or granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM CSF) on the differentiation of K562 cells. Methods Cells were cultured in vitro . Morphologic changes of cells were observed with light microscope and electron microscope. The levels of hemoglobin, peroxidase, non specific lipase ? NAE in cells were detected respectively by benzidine staining, peroxidase(POX) staining and ? NAE cytochemical staining. Levels of cell surface differentiation antigens CD15, HIR2, EPO R and GM CSF R were determined by immunocytochemistry. Results TSPG combined with EPO or GM CSF resulted in more mature morphological features of K562, increased expressions of hemoglobin and myeolperoxidase in K562 cells, and enhanced expressions of cell surface differentiation antigens CD15, HIR2, EPO R and GM CSF R. Conclusion TSPG combined with cytokine EPO or GM CSF can induce more mature differentiation of K562 cells.

Strengthening the construction of supervisor team has great effects on the improvement of the quality of postgraduate education.Some problems exist in China's current situation of the construction of supervisor team.For example,the quality of supervisors needs to be improved,the quantitative evaluation system is not scientific,the quantity of professional degree supervisors is not enough,and the dynamic evaluation mechanism is imperfect and so on.Strengthening the construction of supervisor team from the development of scientific and rational quantitative evaluation index system,the selection of professional degree supervisors,the enhancement of supervisor training and some other aspects,can effectively improve the quality of postgraduate education.

We analyzed the result of the fixed quantity comments on 160 doctoral theses of our university in recent 4 years. The result indicates that the total level of the doctoral theses is relatively good , but there are few excellent theses. The doctoral candidates have substantial basic theory and fine quality foe research, but they can rarely bring forth new ideas and they lack writing ability. Aiming at these problems, we put forward 8 item suggestions to promote fostering working and continuously improve the doctoral candidates' training quality.

Objective To understand the academic atmosphere current situation of graduate students and put forward relevant countermeasures to protect the academic integrity of graduate students.Methods The graduate student'scientific ethics and academic atmosphere construction situation of graduate students in 10 colleges and universities in Chongqing were investigated by questionnaire survey and analyzed.Results Through 1555 questionnaires,it was found that the average investment of time on scientific research in gruduate students was insufficient,the motivation of learning was complicated,and the situation of preventing academic misconduct was serious.Conclusion This study suggests that colleges and universities should establish an academic integrity security system for graduate students,including establishment of academic integrity system and specializing academic integrity supervision institutions,and strengthing academic integrity education.

It introduced the standardized management of graduate students' experimental records. On the basis of experimental records standardization, 3 level inspection system including tutors, departments and graduate school plays a very important role in setting up the good habit, getting more reliable experimental results and preventing the happening of misconduct in scientific research.

Object To clarify the mechanism for total saponins of Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (TSPG) inducing K562 cells to apoptosis, and to provide the theoretical basis and the experimental evidence of TSPG's clinical application. Methods By using in vitro cell culture, morphometry, flow cytometry, morphological investigation and immunocytochemistry, the effects of TSPG on apoptosis in K562 cells were studied. Results The results indicated that TSPG could inhibit the proliferation of K562 cells significantly, and induce K562 cells to apoptosis. It was also showed in the experiments that after induced by TSPG, the ratio of positive K562 cells expressing C-MYC and BCL-2 is decreased. Conclusion The mechanism for TSPG to induce K562 cells to apoptosis may be related to the expression of oncogene in K562 cells.

We analyzed the final test papers for Histology and Embryology among the seven-year program students from 2000 to 2004 in our university to evaluate the quality of the test paper and teaching effects so as to find the weaknesses and problems in teaching.The results showed that the test papers were reliable because of comprehensive test items,moderate difficulty and reasonable score distribution,and the score could image the level of students in truth.But the gap between good scores and bad scores is rather obvious,Teachers must help the students who have difficulties in learning Histology and Embryology and shorten the gap in the future.

Integrity education is not only one of an important aspect of moral education topics for Medical postgraduates,but also an objective requirement in the socialist market economy.Aiming at the modern medical postgraduates'lack of credibility,this paper mainly analyzes its causes such as the limitation of postgraduates'quality and the pressure of employment and dis-cusses how to strengthen integrity education for postgraduate in medical university by bringing supervisors'leading role,enhance the standardized management of employment and upbuilding credibility file etc.

In recent years, problem of postgraduate academic misconduct has become more and more serious and has caused the attention of majority of educators and academics. In this paper , the con-notation of postgraduate academic misconduct was defined based on academic standards and comparison was made between academic misconduct and academic corruption. Meanwhile , this paper pointed out problems existed in the current postgraduate academic ethnic construction and analyzed main causes of academic misconduct. Finally, this paper introduced the success experiences of Chongqing Medical Uni-versity in preventing postgraduate academic misconduct from the aspects of system construction , propa-ganda and education, supervision in postgraduate training process, strict control of graduate thesis,etc.