Ma lnutrition, HIV and tuberculosis (TB) disease is a triangle of death that should be given attention. This study was comparing nutritional status of HIV patients with and without TB in Semarang , Indonesia, to describe the effect of TB burden to their nutrit ional status. The study design was cross - sectional study. The study began with an examination of sputum and chest X - ra ys , then examined by anti - HIV antibodies using the method of screening of 3 times. About 5 6 subjects were recruited to the HIV group and 3 6 subjects to the HIV - TB . The a nthropometric examination was carried out b y using scales, microtoise , Mid Upper Arm Circumference ribbon, an d Body Impedance Analyzer to measure body fat. Interviews were conducted to the subject on ph ysical activity examin ation , 24 hours dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire. Data analysis using Independent t - test or Mann - Whitney test. The results showed that group of HIV - TB had worse nutritional status than those suffer from TB. Body weight, BMI, MUAC, BMR, and Vitamin A blood serum in HIV patients with TB was significantly lower than the HIV group. The nutritional status of HIV patients with TB was significantly more malnourished than counterparts ( underweight: 25.7% vs 14.3%). Dietary intake of vitamin A, Fe, Z n, energy, protein and fat was better in HIV group compared to HIV - TB group. Respondents who are 19 years old on average were stunting , an indicator of malnourished in a long time . TB can worsen the nutritional sta tus of HIV patients if not supported by go od nutrition.

Malnutrition, HIV and tuberculosis (TB) disease is a triangle of death that should be given attention. This study was comparing nutritional status of HIV patients with and without TB in Semarang, Indonesia, to describe the effect of TB burden to their nutritional status. The study design was cross-sectional study. The study began with an examination of sputum and chest X-rays, then examined by anti- HIV antibodies using the method of screening of 3 times. About 56 subjects were recruited to the HIV group and 36 subjects to the HIV-TB. The anthropometric examination was carried out by using scales, microtoise, Mid Upper Arm Circumference ribbon, and Body Impedance Analyzer to measure body fat. Interviews were conducted to the subject on physical activity examination, 24 hours dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire. Data analysis using Independent t-test or Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that group of HIV- TB had worse nutritional status than those suffer from TB. Body weight, BMI, MUAC, BMR, and Vitamin A blood serum in HIV patients with TB was significantly lower than the HIV group. The nutritional status of HIV patients with TB was significantly more malnourished than counterparts (underweight: 25.7% vs 14.3%). Dietary intake of vitamin A, Fe, Zn, energy, protein and fat was better in HIV group compared to HIV-TB group. Respondents who are 19 years old on average were stunting, an indicator of malnourished in a long time. TB can worsen the nutritional status of HIV patients if not supported by good nutrition.
HIV ; TB ; nutritional status ; vitamin A ; dietary intake ; Semarang ; Indonesia

Introduction: Poor nutritional status of female adolescents does not only have an impact on themselves but also have an impact on the next generation. Food intake and dietary quality are important to support nutritional status during adolescence. This study aims to determine the relationship between food intake and dietary quality with nutritional status of female adolescent in Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia. Methods: This research was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. The subjects of this study were female adolescents aged 12-18 years with a total sample of 222 people. Data of food intake and dietary quality were measured using recall method, while nutritional status data were calculated using BMI for Age Z scores (BAZ). A linear regression model was used to predict the relationship of food intake and dietary quality to the nutritional status of female adolescents. Results: The average BAZ was 0.1±1.0, with an average dietary quality of 34.6±6.6%. The average energy intake was 1507.9±472.3 kcal, protein 32.4±11.0 g, carbohydrates 258.6±84.4 g, fat 44.9±19.9 g and fiber 3.88±2.7 g. Food intake (energy, protein, and fiber) and dietary quality were related to nutritional status (BAZ) in female adolescents (p<0.05). Conclusion: The balance of food intake and dietary quality is important to maintain the nutritional status of female adolescent properly. Nutritional interventions are needed to support female adolescent entering pregnancy with good nutritional status.

Introduction: An imbalance in diet can lead to anaemia in young women, which can impact not only themselves, but also the next generation. This study aimed to determine associations between quantity and quality of dietary intake with haemoglobin (Hb) concentration among female adolescents in Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 347 young women aged 12-18 years from ten districts in Tasikmalaya City, selected by simple random sampling. Quantity and quality of dietary intake were measured by 2-repeated 24-hour dietary recalls, while portable haemoglobinometer (HemoCue® Hb 201+) was used to measure Hb concentration. Linear regression model predicted associations between quantity and quality of dietary intake with Hb concentration in female adolescents. Results: The proportion of subjects suffering from anaemia were 47.3%. Average intake of dietary iron was 6.7±3.0 mg and average dietary quality score was 32.6%. Dietary quality score and days of menstrual bleeding contributed as much as 12.7% to the variation in Hb concentration among female adolescents. Conclusion: Anaemia in female adolescents in Tasikmalaya, West Java, Indonesia is a serious public health problem. Diet quality score was associated with female adolescents’ Hb concentration; therefore, improving the quality of diet is important to reduce anaemia.

Background: Factor VIII (FVIII) inhibitor diagnosis and surveillance in Indonesia are challenging owing to geographic conditions and the lack of laboratory facilities nationwide for inhibitor assays. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of FVIII inhibitors in children diagnosed with hemophilia A (HA) in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 hospitals in eight provinces of Indonesia between 2020 and 2021. Factor VIII inhibitor screening was performed in a central hemostasis laboratory for all children with HA (≤18 yr) who had received a minimum of 10 exposure days to clotting factor concentrates. The FVIII inhibitor titer was determined using the Bethesda assay. Results: Children (388) were enrolled in this study, including 219 (56.4%), 131 (33.8%), and 38 (9.4%) with severe, moderate, and mild HA, respectively. The prevalence of children who developed FVIII inhibitors was 37 out of 388 (9.6%). Factor VIII inhibitors were found in 25/219 (11.4%) severe, 11/131 (8.3%) moderate, and 1/38 (2.6%) children with mild HA. Thirteen children had low-titer inhibitors and 24 had high-titer inhibitors, with a median of 9.44 (1.48‒412.0) Bethesda Units. Among 13 children with low-titer inhibitors, eight underwent a confirmation test, of which five tested negative and were classified as transient. A significant difference in annual joint bleeding rate was found between patients with low and high inhibitor titers and those without inhibitors (P ＜0.001). Conclusion Factor VIII inhibitor prevalence in Indonesia was relatively low. However, the risk factors that may contribute to FVIII inhibitor development among Indonesian patients require further study.