Adenocarcinoma ; pathology ; Gallbladder Neoplasms ; pathology ; Humans

Objective To evaluate the influence of different methods of anesthesia on the glucose metabolism of leukocytes in elderly patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. Methods Fifty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged≥65 yr, with body mass index 18-25 kg/m2, scheduled for elective colorectal cancer surgery, were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n = 25 each) : sevoflurane anesthesia group (Sevo group) and sevoflurane anesthesia combined with epidural block group ( S + E group) . The patients in S + E group underwent epidural catheterization, and 2% lidocaine 3 ml was given via the epidural catheter. If no signs of spinal anesthesia were confirmed 5 min later, the mixture of 1% lidocaine and 0.2% tetracaine 8-10 ml was given, and an increment of the mixture 4-5 ml was given every 50 min. During the operation, the end-tidal concentration of sevoflurane was maintained at 0.7 MAC in S + E group and at 1.0 MAC in Sevo group. The depth of anesthesia was adjusted according to the BIS value in both groups. Venous blood samples were taken at 10 min before operation (T1 ), and 60 min, 24 h.and 5 days after the end of operation (T2-4 ) for WBC count and measurement of activities of pyruvate kinase (PK)and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) in the leukocytes. Results Compared with T1, the WBC count at T3 in both groups, the PK activity at T, in group S+E and G6PD activity at T, in group Sevo and at T3,4 in group S + E were significantly increased ( P ＜ 0.01) . Compared with group Sevo, the PK activity at T, and G6PD activity at T3,4 were significantly increased in group S+E ( P ＜ 0.05) . There was no significant difference in the WBC count between the two groups ( P ＞ 0.05) . Conclusion There is no significant change in the WBC count when the two methods of anesthesia are used in elderly patients undergoing colorectal caner surgery, however, sevoflurane anesthesia combined with epidural block enhances the leukocyte function in elderly patients compared with sevoflurane anesthesia alone.

Adaptive Immunity ; Bacterial Infections ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Biological Evolution ; Epithelial Cells ; immunology ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Mucous Membrane ; cytology ; immunology ; Receptors, Pattern Recognition ; immunology ; Toll-Like Receptors ; immunology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; drug therapy ; Child ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

Objective To compare the effects of different anesthetic and postoperative analgesic methods on the immune function of helper T lymphocytes and tumor metastasis after orthotopic liver cancer resection in rats.Methods Orthotopic liver cancer was induced by intrahepatic tumor implantation (IHTI) with Morris hepatoma 3924A.Thirty male ACI rats receiving IHTI,aged 12-18 weeks,weighing 240-300 g,were randomized into 3 groups (n =10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),general anesthesia combined with epidural block-postoperative epidural analgesia group (group GE + EA),and general anesthesia-postoperative intravenous analgesia group (group G + IA).The liver cancer resection was performed on 14th day after IHTI,group G + IA inhaled 5％ sevoflurane for induction of anesthesia and inhaled 2％-3％ sevoflurane and received intraperitoneal injection of morphine 20 μg/100 g for maintenance of anesthesia.In group GE + EA,general anesthesia was performed as the method previously described in group G + IA,and epidural block was performed with 0.25 ％ bupivacaine 25 μl after tracheal intubation.Within 3 days after operation,0.125 ％ bupivacaine 150 μl + morphine 20 μg were injected daily via an epidural catheter once every 4 h (25μl per time) for postoperative analgesia in group GE + EA,and postoperative analgesia was performed with intraperitoneal morphine 240 μg injected daily once every 4 h (40 μg per time) in group G+ IA.Before surgery (T1) and on 2nd,7th and 30th days after sugery (T2-4),blood samples were collected to detect the levels of plasma interferon-γ (IFN-γ),interleukin-4 (IL-4),IL-17,IL-10 and tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1).IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was calculated.The rats were sacrificed after collecting blood samples at T4,and the development of abdominal lymph node metastasis,malignant ascites,implantation metastasis to abdominal wall and visible pulmonary metastasis nodules were observed.Results Compared with C group,the incidence of pulmonary metastasis,abdominal lymph node metastasis,and malignant ascites was significantly decreased,the plasma IFN-γ and IL-17 levels at T2 and IL-4 and TGF-β at T2,3 were increased,and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio was decreased at T2,3 in group G+ IA,and the incidence of pulmonary metastasis,abdominal lymph node metastasis,malignant ascites and implantation metastasis to abdominal wall was significantly decreased,the plasma levels of IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-17,IL-10 and TGF-β1 were increased at T2(P ＜ 0.05),and no significant change was found in IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio in GE + EA group (P ＞ 0.05).Compared with G + IA group,the incidence of pulmonary metastasis and abdominal lymph node metastasis was significantly decreased,the plasma levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 at T2 and IL-4 and IL-10 at T3 were decreased,the plasma levels of IFN-γ at T4 and TGF-β1 at T2 and IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio at T3,4 were increased in GE + EA group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The inhibitory degree of the immune function of helper T lymphocytes is decreased and development of tumor metastasis is reduced after orthotopic liver cancer resection in rats when general anesthesia combined with epidural block-postoperative epidural analgesia is applied as compared with those when general anesthesia-postoperative intravenous analgesia is applied.

AIM: To develop a RP-HPLC method of determining ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re in Wu-(shenqi) Oral Liquid(Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng,Radix Astragali,Fructus Ligustri Lucidi,etc.). METHODS: Hypersil-C_(18) column was used at 30 ℃.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(103∶400) with 0.05% H_3PO_4.The detection wavelength was set at 203 nm.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. RESULTS: The linear ranges for ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re were 0.188-6.016 ?g(r=0.999 9) and 0.197-6.323 ?g(r=(0.999)),respectively.Its average recoveries were 99.53% with RSD of 0.96% and 99.13% with RSD of 0.62%,respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is simple,accurate,reproducible,and can be used for the determination of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re in Wushenqi Oral Liquid.

Objective To study the effect of tetrandrine on K 562 cells and its possible mechanism. Methods Light microscope,electron microscope and immuno fluorescence staining were used to detect the morphological changes of K 562 cells,to analyse the cell cycle of K 562 cells FCM was performed,to detect the expression of Bcl 2 gene and wild type p53 gene in K 562 cells ABC method was carried out,and to detect in cell death TUNEL method was applied. Results K 562 cells treated with tetrandrine for 48?h showed early changes of apoptosis.DNA synthesis was reduced.Bcl 2 expression was decreased while wild type p53 gene expression was increased.TUNEL showed DNA breakage.Conclusion\ Tetrandrine inhibits the growth of K 562 cells.The effect is related with the concentration used.Tetrandrine can induce apoptosis of the cell.

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factors are a family of multifunctional cytokines that can enhance vascular permeability, induce angiogenesis, promote endothelial cel growth and migration, and inhibit cel apoptosis.
OBJECTIVE:To elaborate the latest progress in the role of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors in the corneal tissue.
METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed databases was performed for relevant articles published from 2005 to 2015. The key words were “vascular endothelial growth factor, cornea”. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 43 articles were included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors are involved in the regulation of corneal neovascularization by causing Tip cel activation that affects the Notch signaling pathways. Corneal lymphatic regeneration mainly relies on macrophages to secrete vascular endothelial growth factor-C or vascular endothelial growth factor-D that further activate vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-3 in the lymphatic endothelial cels to cause cel proliferation and migration, and eventualy lead to the formation of new lymphatic vessels. But herpes simplex keratitis HSK induces the corneal lymphatic regeneration by vascular endothelial growth factor-A/vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 pathway. Vascular endothelial growth factor family can significantly improve the damaged corneal nerve endings, epithelium and corneal sensitivity, has the function of nerve nutrition and promote restoration of the corneal epithelium.

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Humans ; Trichloroacetic Acid ; urine

Zn. Conclusion Human activities developed along the Huaihe River does not influence the concentration of heavy metals in the sediment, no serious contamination of heavy metals in the sediment is found in the present investigation.