Diabetic retinopathy is a highly specific vascular complication of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.NF-?B can be triggered by oxidative stress and controls several programs of gene expression,the majority of which participate in the host inflammation and immune response.Evidence has accumulated that NF-?B is involved in the development of diabetic retinopathy.NF-?B activation induced by diabetes is associated with the apoptosis found in the pericyte,leukocyte-endothelial interaction,capillary basement membrane thickening,neovascularization and formation of epiretinal membranes.Inhibition of(NF-?B) activation has been suggested as a treatment strategy in diabetic retinopathy.

Objective To investigate the expression levels and the roles of induced nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in rats′ kidney after interruption of blood flow and the following ischemia-reperfusion(IR)injury.Methods Rats were divided into 3 groups:interruptions(5,15,30 min),IR(2,5,8,24,48,72 h),control groups.They were killed at different time points.Kidney tissue samples were studied by immunohistochemical method.Results iNOS increased significantly(P

Chitosan, deacetylated derivative of chitin, is a kind of natural polysaccharide polymer. It has advantages of rich source, good biocompatibility and biodegradation. Chitosan can be processed into porous scaffolds used for cell transplantation and tissue regeneration in bone tissue engineering, control-released carrier of growth factors and delivery vector of exogenous genes. Meanwhile, it can also be processed into injectable scaffolds used in bone tissue engineering in the form of microspheres or hydrogel. Chitosan and its derivatives will have broad application prospects in the research field of bone tissue engineering. However, chitosan composite scaffold has poor mechanical function, difficult accuracy control of In vivo degradation, and low efficiency for genetic carrier, chitosan research stays in in vitro tests and in vivo animal experiments. With the development of materials science and life science, chitosan will be widely used for clinical application of bone tissue defect.

Objective To evaluate the uniformity of different diagnosis criteria of metabolic syn-drome in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially the criteria that suit for metabolic syndrome in type 2 dia-betes patients.Methods The patients with type 2 diabetes, aged from 20~74 years, who were treated at Department of Endocrinology , the Third Affiliated Hospital , Qiqihar Medical University from January 2008 to November 2009 were enrolled.Four hundred and twenty one patients with integral data were analyzed . Waistline, hip line, height, body mass, blood pressure and so on were surveyed , and according to waistline and hip line the waist-to-hip ratio was calculated .On the basis of body mase/height body mass index ( kg/m2 ) was calculated .The blood sugar was detected with the hexokinase method .The blood cholesterol , tria-cylglycerol , the high density lipoprotein cholesterol were determined with the biochemistry method .Urinates the micro albumin level was determined with chemistry to try the belt technology .Diagnosis standards of WHO (1999), NCEP-ATPⅢ(2001),ACCE(2003),EGIR(1999),the Chinese CDS(2007) suggestion metabolism synthesis drafts , the triacylglycerol-waistline standard of Blackburn P forecast cardiovascular e-vent(2003) were applied to calculate prevalence rate of metabolism synthesis .Results The 421 enrolled testees were involved in the result analysis .⑴Prevalence rates of type 2diabetes and metabolism synthesis in various single component: In the investigation population the differences in body of obesity , hypertension and hypertriacylglycerolemia , the low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol blood sickness between the men and women were insignificant , but the overload (66.1%) in males was remarkably higher than that in females (49.7%).The prevalence rate in abdomen obese in males (74.0%) was remarkably higher than that in females(59.9%).⑵Abnormal distribution of metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes: Preva-lence rate of one kind of abnormal metabolism was 27.2%.Prevalence rate of two kinds of or above two kinds of above abnormal metabolism was 61.0%.Prevalence rate of three kinds of above abnormal metabo-lism was 26.1%,and the prevalence rate in females was not higher than that of males ( P >0.05 ) .⑶After age and sex lamination ,prevalence rates of metabolism synthesis and it's the correlated disease:The preva-lence rates of the high hypertriacylglycerolemia , hypertension , metabolism synthesis had the tendency of in-creasing along with the age .Prevalence rates of abdominal obesity and the low and high density lipoprotein cholesterol blood sickness had the increased tendency in females , but it was not obvious in males .Except that 35~44 years old of age group prevalence rate of the high hypertriacylglycerolemia in males ( 62.1%) was remarkably higher than that in females ( 29.2%) ( P <0.005 ) , and the 20~35 years old age group prevalence rates of metabolism synthesis in males (41.2%)were remarkably higher than outside the females (20.0%)( P <0.05).In other various age groups ,there was insignificant difference in prevalence rate between males and females .⑷The prevalence rate of WHO diagnosis standard for metabolism synthesis (62.9%) had good concordance with the prevalence rate of the Chinese CDS diagnosis standard for metabo -lism-synthesis ( 66.7%) .The prevalence rate of ACCE diagnosis standard for metabolism synthesis (88.8%) had good concordance with the prevalence rate of the EGIR diagnosis standard for metabolism synthesis (86.6%).The prevalence rate of Blackburn P forecast cardiovascular event (20.9%),which was distanced from the result of the diagnosis standards ( P <0.005 ) .Conclusion ⑴Patients with type 2 di-abetes have high metabolism syndrome proportion rate , and the abnormal metabolism proportion rate in sin-gle group is also higher.⑵WHO (1999) metabolism syndrome diagnosis standard and CDS (2007)sugges-tion standard are suitable for Chinese metabolism -synthesis in type 2 diabetic patients .⑶The metabolism syndrome diagnostic standards of EGIR and ACCE are similar in proportion rate in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes , which is accorded with the findings of former literatures .Whether that can be used widely deserves further study .⑷The diagnostic criteria of triacylglycerol waistline is not suitable for Chinese type 2diabetic patients.

[Objective] To sum up teacher He Lingzhi’s clinical experience and academic ideas on diagnosing and treating IgA nephrosis. [Method] From casa morbi, mechanism and clinical treatment based on differentiation of signs, it expounds teacher He Lingzhi ’s clinical experience and academic points, exampled with a case. [Result] The disease has main mechanism of Qi deficiency, teacher He Lingzhi divides the IgA nephrosis into types of Qi deficiency of lung and spleen, spleen and kidney, both deficiency of lung and kidney, Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney, Yin deficiency of liver and kidney, both deficiency of Qi and Yin, Yin and Yang, thus forms the treating rules of tonifying Qi to reinforce spleen, tonifying lung to nourish kidney, tonifying liver and kidney, Qi and Yin, Yin and Yang. The case here was relieved the nephrosis symptoms with the treatment. [Conclusion] Teacher He Lingzhi has rich clinical experience in treating IgA nephrosis with differentiation of signs, with definite cure effect.

Objective:To investigate the effects of celecoxib and anti-osteogenesis tablets on urinary biomarkers pyridinoline (PYD) and deoxypyridinoline (DPD) in adult patients with Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) in Qinghai Province, and to provide scientific basis for treatment of adult KBD.Methods:According to the "Diagnosis of Kaschin-Beck disease" (WS/T 207-2010), in July 2017, 120 cases of adult KBD that were selected from the KBD area in Qinghai Province were divided into non-drug treatment group ( n = 66) and drug treatment group ( n = 54), and 89 healthy adults were selected as control group. The drug treatment group was taken celecoxib and anti-osteogenesis tablets for 6 months. Morning urine samples were collected from the three groups. The contentss of PYD and DPD in urine were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the test results were corrected with creatinine (Cre). Results:There were no statistically significant differences in gender ratio and age among non-drug treatment group, drug treatment group and control group (χ 2 = 0.820, F = 0.379, P > 0.05). The medians of urinary PYD in the three groups were 1 106.39, 812.18, 702.53 ng/μmol Cre, and the medians of DPD were 1 325.58, 802.54, 752.38 ng/μmol Cre, respectively. The differences were statistically significant among the three groups ( H = 13.849, 34.621, P < 0.01). The contents of PYD and DPD in drug treatment group were lower than those in non-drug treatment group ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Celecoxib and anti-osteogenesis tablets can reduce the urinary levels of PYD and DPD in adult patients with KBD.

Objective To compared the condition of DSA and MRA for detection the lesion vessels in elder patients with recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular disease(ICVD).Methods 52 patients with ICVD,including 41 cases of cerebral infarction(CI) and 11 cases of transient ischemic attack(TIA) were detected by DSA,and the 44 cases of them were detected by MRA too.Results The vascular anomalies were detected in 43 cases(82.69%) of the 52 patients by DSA.Among them,39 cases(75%) had vascular stenosis,in which 31 cases(75.61%) were CI,and the other 8 cases(72.73%) were TIA.The aneurysm were founfd out in 2 cases,and vascular dysplasia and variation were also found in each 1 case by DSA.The vascular stenosis were found in 10 cases(22.73%) of 44 patients by MRA,in which 8 cases(18.18%) were CI,while 2 cases(4.55%) were TIA.The detection rate of lesion vessels in DSA was significantly higher than that in MRA(P

Objective:To study the express levels of transcription factor nuclear factor-?B in diabetic rat retina. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control groups of 1, 3 and 6 months, diabetic groupsof 1, 3 and 6 months, respectively. Diabetic model of rat was induced by injecting streptozotocin (STZ). The retinal morphology was observed in paraffin slide by microscope. The expression of NF-?B was detected by immunohistochemistry and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Results: Histopathological changes were detected at 3 and 6 months. The changes were severer at 3 months than at 6 months. Activation of retinal NF-?B was detected by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and immunohistochemistry at 1 month, and the NF-?B remained activated at 3 and 6 months in diabetic rats. Conclusion: NF-?B is activated in retina in diabetes before histopathological changes can be seen, and remains activated for the duration when the retinopathy is developing.

Objective:Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-?B) has been suggested to participate in chronic disorders, such as diabetes and its complications. In contrast to the short activation of NF-?B , we observed a long-lasting activation of NF-?B and iNOS in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Methods:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetic group. The pathological changes in the kidneys of diabetic rats were observed at 1, 3 and 6 months respectively. The activity of NF-?B and iNOS was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results:The change of histopathology was severer at 6 months than at 3 months and 1 month in the kidneys of diabetic rats. A comparable increase in NF-?B p65 antigen was observed in the kidney cells especialy in vascular endothelial cells of diabetic rats, and the expression of iNOS in renal tissues of diabetic rats was higher than that of normal control. Conclusion:NF-?B and iNOS may play an important role in the pathoge-neis of diabetic rats, and the expression of them may be considered as a predictor of progressive renal in- jury in diabetic rats.

Objective To discuss the protective effect of Tongsaimai pellets(TSMP) and butylphthalide(NBP) on PC12 cell in the hypoxia/hypoglycemia model.Methods Two ischemia models including hypoxia,hypoglycemia models were used to assay the anti-ischemic roles of TSMP and NBP in cultured PC12.Results TSMP and NBP possessed obvious protective effects on PC12 cells from two injured models.Both of them could increase the number of living cells and decrease LDH activity significantly,particularly in hypoglycemia injured model.Conclusion TSM and NBP have protective effect on PC12 cells from two injured models effectively in vitro.