OBJECTIVE:To provide information about the brand positioning of pharmaceutical products for reference of Chinese pharmaceutical business.METHODS:We overviewed the implication and foundation of brand fixed position of phar?maceutical products and put forward the tactics of brand positioning of pharmaceutical products.RESULTS&CONCLU?SION:Under the conditions of sectionalized market and individulized consumption,nowadays,the existence and development of an enterprise directly depend on the success of brand positioning of its pharmaceutical products.

Childhood autism is an extensive developmental disorder.Abnormal neuroimaging and neuropathology brain structure research of autistic children in recent years are reviewed in this paper.Brain structure researches have showed the brain volume increased in children with autism,normally occuring to the frontal lobe,temporal lobe.Brain function researches have shown that children with autism have abnormal activity in the fusiform gyrus,superior temporal gyrus,and inferior frontal lobe.Brain metabolites studies have shown that children with autism present glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid and serotonin metabolism disorder.Immunological studies have found that children with autism have proinflammatory factor and the emergence of a brain protein antibody.

Blood vessels are indispensible for tumor growth and metastasis.Traditional antiangiogenic strategy reduce the density and the supply of tumor blood vessels.Recent studies have shown that antiangiogenic therapy has transient and insufficient efficacy.Blockage of blood and oxygen supplies creates a hypoxic and acidic microenvironment in the tumor tissues,which fosters tumor cells to become more aggressive and metastatic.Tumor vascular normalization may be an alternative approach to treat cancers,normalize the disorganized tumor vasculature,rather than disrupting or blocking them,thus reduce tumor hypoxia as well as increase the efficacy of chemotherapy,radiotherapy and immunotherapy.

Female ; Humans ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; drug therapy

Objective To study the relationship between microalbuminuria and cardiac diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods A total of 262 patients with T2DM and NAFLD were included in this study. Patients were divided into normal group (n=106) and abnormal group (n=156) according to their cardiac diastolic function. Data of waist circumference (WC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride(TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin level (FINS), insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), C reactive protein (CRP), urinary microalbuminuria excretion rate (UAER), left ventricular myocardial quality index (LVWI) and liver fat content (LFC) were compared between two groups. All patients were divided into four groups according to data of UAER and GFR:group A[UAER<20μg/min and GFR≥90 mL/(min · 1.73 m2)], group B [UAER<20μg/min and GFR<90 mL/(min·1.73 m2)], group C [UAER≥20μg/min and GFR≥90 mL/(min·1.73 m2)], and group D [UAER≥20μg/min and GFR<90 mL/(min · 1.73 m2)]. The differences between the relevant indicators were analyzed between groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to compare UAER between normal group and abnormal group. Also the relationship between the related factors and cardiac diastolic function was compared between these two groups. Results For abnormal group, TG, SBP, HOMA-IR, CRP, UAER, LVWI and LFC were significantly higher, and GFR was significantly lower, than those of normal group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in other indicators between two groups. Values of peak early/late diastolic filling velocity (E/A) showed a reduction trend in order in A, B,C and D groups (P<0.05). Values of LVWI showed a increasing trend in order in four groups (P<0.05). Values of LFC were significantly higher in C and D groups compared with those of A and B groups (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in LFC between A group and B group. The GFR<90 mL/(min·1.73 m2)was an independent risk factor for cardiac diastolic function in normal group of UAER, and higher UAER was an independent risk factor for cardiac diastolic function in the abnormal group of UAER. Conclusion There is obviously reduced cardiac diastolic function in patients with T2DM and NAFLD and microalbuminuria. When UAER≥20 μg/min, the higher UAER is an independent risk factor for reducing diastolic cardiac dysfunction.

ObjectiveTo study the changes of cardiac autonomic nervous function and EEG non-linear dynamics character in depressive patients,and to explore the functional activity state of brain.Methods24-hour ambulatory ECG was recorded in 47 depressive patients and 47 normal control people by multi-channel ECG machine.The index of heart rate variability,the incidence of arrhythmias and the relationship between HRV and the severity of depression were analyzed.ResultsCompared with the control group,the standard deviation of NN intervals(SDNN)((91.31±15.11)ms),the standard deviation of normal number of intervals(SDANN)((82.14±16.26)ms),the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD)((37.13±8.02)ms),the percentage of pairs of adjacent RR intervals differing by >50 ms (PNN50)(11.05±7.02) and High-frequency(HF)((17.07±4.34)ms) in depression group were lower,however low-frequency(LF)((18.27±6.32)ms) and LF/HF((1.07±0.33)ms) were higher(P<0.05).There were positive linear correlation between depression severity and LF/HF(P <0.05,r=0.332) and negative linear correlation between depression severity and SDNN(P<0.05,r=-0.296).Compared with control group,the incidence rate of arrhythmia of depressive group was increased,especially in supraventricular arrhythmias.In quiet state with eyes closed: compared with the control group,the level of correlation dimension (D2) in left occiput,left middle and behind temple region were increased in group A,but the difference was not statistically significant.In group B,except prefrontal area,the D2 of the left hemisphere were increased especially in the left central area(3.91±0.37),left parietal lobe(3.85±0.43),left occipital(4.10±0.54)and left temporal(4.20±0.61) compared with control group (P<0.01).The brain electrical activity in other areas were not found change.ConclusionThe cardiac autonomic nervous function of depressive patient is positively correlated with the the severity of depression.Depressive patients are likely to conduct supraventricular arraythmia.Left hemisphere cerebral cortex is active in depressive patients by analysing the EEG non-linear dynamics character.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the characteristics and regularity of adverse drug reaction (ADR) in a third grade class A hospital,and to provide reference for rational drug use in clinic. METHODS:A total of 813 cases of ADR reported to Na-tional ADR Monitoring by the hospital during 2013-2015 were summarized and analyzed retrospectively in terms of age,gender,route of administration,drug type,organs or systems involved in ADR,clinical manifestation and outcome. RESULTS:Among 813 cases of ADR,there were 391 male (48.09%) and 422 female (51.91%). Patients aged more than 60 were with high inci-dence of ADR,involving 347 cases(42.68%). Among routes of administration,most ADR cases were caused by intravenous ad-ministration,involving 747 cases (91.88%). Among all drug types,the number of ADR cases caused by anti-infective drugs was the most,involving 382 cases(46.99%);cephalosporins took up the highest proportion,being 38.22%(146 cases). Organs or sys-tems involved in ADR were mainly skin and its appendants,involving 434 cases (53.38%). CONCLUSIONS:ADR monitoring should be strengthened for elderly patients receiving anti-infective drugs intravenously so as to reduce the occurrence of ADR and guarantee medication safety.

Objective To study the clinicopathological characteristies,differential diagnosis,etiological factor and treatment of anorectal malignant melanoma(AMM). Methods Clinical pathological characteristics and immunohistochemical findings were observed in 13 cases of anorectal malignant melanoma,with review of related literature.Results Average age was 55.8 years. And often occurred in the middle and old. Under microscope, the tumor was complicated constructionally, and the tumor cells were variform. Usually in tightly packed nests, dispersed sheet and trabecular, melanin pigment could be observed in the majority of AMM, but sometimes ameLanotic pigment was present. Immunohistochemiscal the tumor cells were positive for HMB 45, S-100 and vimetin. Conclnsion AMM is a high malignant tumor with very poor prognosis. So,it should be diagnosed and treated early. HMB 45 and S-100 are sensitive tumor markers for AMM.

OBJECTIVE To ensure safe operation of medical equipment through raising procurement staffs′ awareness of safety and quality control in the process of purchasing medical equipment and exerting fine control of safety and quality throughout procurement. METHODS To sum up regulations,rules and ways on the safety and quality control at all links in the process of purchasing.RESULTS The acceptance rate of quality inspection of introduced medical equipment was 100% and the operating rate of equipment for the annual working hours was 95%.In 2002,our work together with other departments work in our hospital passed the proof of ISO9000. CONCLUSIONS They can not keep hidden safety perils of medical equipment outside the gate of the purchasing and can not ensure the safe operation of medical equipment and its vital role in every medical activity,unless purchasing staffs observe all purchasing regulations and rules and exert fine control of safety and quality of the purchasing.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation for thora-columbar fractures without neurological damage,and to provide guidance and assistance for the treatment.Methods The thoracolumbar fracture patients during our inpatient treatment without neurological damage clinical data of 76 cases were selected,patients were randomly assigned into the observation group and the control group,each within 38 cases. The observation group were treated by vertebral pedicle screw fixation technique in the treatment and control group for cross -vertebral fixation treatment.Patients before surgery,one week after surgery,three months after surgery and 12 months after surgery were followed up,and the perioperative parameters,radiographic parameters,visual analog scale (VAS)and back disability index (ODI)were compared.Results Perioperative parameter comparison and difference of the accuracy of pedicle screw no significant showed no statistically significance.Preoperative VAS,ODI, Vobb angle and vertebral anterior height ratio in the two groups showed no significant difference.After 12 months of observation group ODI score was (10.3 ±2.8)points,which was significantly lower than that (13.5 ±2.5)points in the control group,the difference was statistically significant (t =3.287,P <0.05).In addition,the observer group in VAS,surgery after Cobb angle and vertebral degree of restoration of vertebral height compared with control group,the differences were statistically significant (all P <0.05).Conclusion By using vertebral pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of thoracolumbar fractures without neurological damage shows efficacy,good prominent vertebral body height restoration,fewer complications,safety and reliable,which is worthy of clinical application.