C3 glomerulopathy is a group of diseases with immunofluorescence staining C3 along the glomerular capillary loops deposition,may be accompanied by other immunoglobulin deposition,but C3 sedi-mentary classic way was more than other immunoglobulin and complement activation ingredients ( such as C1q,C4). C3 glomerulopathy is a group of primary glomerular disease and relatively rare. This article mainly reviewed the pathological characteristic of C3 glomerulopathy,clinical manifestation,diagnosis and treatment, in order to improve clinical understanding of C3 glomerulopathy.

Vascular bypass grafting is the most common procedure for ischemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. Although synthetic grafts have been developed, replacement of vessels with purely synthetic polymeric conduits often leads to the failure of such graft, especially in the grafts less than 6 mm in diameter, mainly due to the early formation of thrombosis, infection and so on. Tissue engineering is a relatively new discipline that offers the potential to create vascular grafts from autologous cells and biodegradable polymer scaffolds. It has become a promising approach for generating a biocompatible vessel graft and contributing to the long-term patency rate of small-caliber grafts. This review describes the major progress in the tissue engineering vascular grafts, including the seeding cell sources, the biodegradable scaffolds, the construction technologies of tissue-engineered vessels, as well as nanotechnology.

Although the interventional radiology, a rapidly expanding medical specialty, has already been widely popularized and generally accepted for many years, it is still facing lots of challenges and turf wars, such as the brain drain, understaffed and the gap between the old and the young. This article attempts to analyze the reasons through investigating the current teaching situation of interventional radiology in medical coUeges and finding out the undergraduates' attitude to interventional radiology, in order to explore possible paths for solving the imbalance between supply and demand of qualified personnel.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Sophora alopecurodies suppository for treating prostatitis chronica and observe its clinical therapeutic effect METHODS:The content of the total alkaloid in the suppository was determined with acid dye spectrophotometry and the therapeutic effect was observed in comparison with qianliean suppository RESULTS:The linear range of TASa was 0 14～15 4?g/ml,standard oxymatriner's recovery was 101 2%,RSD=0 55% CONCLUSION:This suppository is simple in preparation,reliable in quality-control It is slight in irritation to rectum and effective in clinical use The preparation is worth popularizing in clinical practice

AIM: To elucidate the effects of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on eosinophil activation and the action of dexamethasone or theophylline during this process. METHODS: Eosinophils (EOS) from the peripheral blood of normal subjects were isolated. The hypodense eosinopil (HE) and normodense eosinophil (NE) were studied with electron microscopy. The effects of PAF on eosinophil activation and the action of dexamethasone or theophylline during the above process were measured. RESULTS: Hypodense eosinophil had significantly smaller individual granules than normodense eosinophil had. PAF induced eosinophil peroxidase release, and generated. Eosinophils incubated with 10~(-8) mmol/L PAF and 10~(-5) mmol/L dexamethasone released (101.17?10.32) mg/L eosinophil peroxidase (P

Although the interventional radiology, a rapidly expanding medical specialty, has already been widely popularized and generally accepted for many years, it is still facing lots of challenges and turf wars, such as the brain drain, understaffed and the gap between the old and the young.This article attempts to analyze the reasons through investigating the current teaching situation of interventional radiology in medical colleges and finding out the undergraduates' attitude to interventional radiology, in order to explore possible paths for solving the imbalance between supply and demand of qualified personnel.

Alzheimer's disease(AD),the most common form of dementia,it is lack of effective cure or preventive treatment.Dementias in the elder are an increasing medical,social and economic problems and current treatments are only mildly effective.Recently,amyloid-beta protein(A?) has become a major therapeutic target.A? vaccine treatment can improve cognition in the patients with AD,but adverse events,such as meningencephalitis were observed in clinical study.The passive A? immunotherapy in humans is effective with possible safety.However,patients need to be monitored carefully.

Objective: To evaluate the feasibility ofin vitro balloon dilatation for treating aortic coarctation infants younger than 6 months. Methods: A total of 13 aortic coarctation infants treated in our hospital from 2011-01 to 2015-12 were summarized. The patients were at the mean age of 3.4 months (from 20 days to 6 months), with the mean body weight of 4.8 kg (from 3.6 kg to 6.2 kg) including 9 male. Aortic coarctation segments were resected during the operation and the resected segments were expanded by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) via (2-4) times diameter balloon dilatation. The diameters of resected aortic segments were recorded before and after expansion; the change of vascular middle smooth muscle layer was observed by HE staining. Results: There were 8 cases with non-restricted ventricular septal defect (VSD) and 3 of them received staging operation, 2 with atrial septal defect (ASD), 3 with bicuspid aortic valve, 3 with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) and 1 with pericardial effusion. The resected aortic segments presented that 9 patients had diaphragm type narrow and 4 had tube type narrow. After PTA, the diameters of resected aortic segments were slightly increased for the mean of 0.2 mm and no obvious change was observed; HE staining showed that the vascular inner mucosa was shed, while the middle smooth muscle layer was intact. Conclusion: Balloon dilatation had the poor effect for treating aortic coarctation infants younger than 6 months; surgical procedure could be applied for treating the relevant patients.

Objective To discuss one-stage surgical repair of interrupted aortic arch ( IAA) in neonates and young in-fants, summarize follow-up results and subsequent treatments.Methods From September 2010 to December 2014, a series of 38 consecutive neonates and young infants ( M/F =26/12 ) with IAA were admitted in our surgical group to receive surgical treatment, with a median age of 11 days(1 day to 5 months) and a median body weight of 4.1 kg(1.8 to 5.8 kg).IAA was type A in 24 cases, type B in 13 cases and type C in 1 case.Associated cadiovascular anomalies were common except 2 cases, including atrial septal defect(n=23), ventricular septal defect(n=36), left ventricular outlet tract obstruction(LVOTO)(n=7), anomalous left pulmonary artery from aorta(n=1), truncus arteriosus(n=1).There were 5 cases of airway stenosis in 28 cases of CT angiography and 3D airway reconstruction.All the 38 cases were admitted with differential cyanosis.36 cases were recieved one-stage surgical repair except 2 cases died before operation.35 cases of IAA associated with intracardiac anom-alies were repaired through a median sernotomy.Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) was performed with two canulations in ascend-ing aorta and main pulmonary artery.Selective cerebral perfusion(n=21) or circulatory arrest(n =14) was carried out with body temperature of 18℃-23℃.After the patent ductus arteriosus tissue was completely resected , a continuous end-to-end or end-to-side suturing with 7/0(8/0) prolene was performed.In 1 type B cases with expected excessive anastomotic tension, the left subclavian artery was cut off to release the aortic arch .The associated anomalies were repaired during the cooling or re-warming period.Chest close was delayed to carry out no more than 24-72 h postoperatively in 16 cases.The other one type A IAA case without intracardiac anomaly was repaired through a standard left posterior lateral incision .Patients were strictly fol-lowed up with a standard protocol.Complications such as aortic arch restenosis, new LVOTO, new airway stenosis, and so on, were specialy focused on during the follow-up period.If needed, reoperation or transcatheter intervention was applied to treat the complications.Results Two cases died before operation and another 2 died in the early period postoperatively because of pulmonary hypertension crisis and severe tracheal stenosis, respectively.Sudden death was in 1 case during the follow-up peri-od.Median CPB time was 138 min(105-208 min) and median selective cerebral perfusion or circulatory arrest time was 24 min(16-35 min) .Mechanical ventilation time was 2-25 days.Blood pressure difference between the upper and lower limbs was less than 20 mmHg in all the patients before discharge.29 cases(85.29%) was followed up for 28 months(9 -60 months).3 cases were received reoperation in 5 cases of newly detected LVOTO.One case received reoperation in the 7 preop-erative LVOTO cases because of newly detected LVOTO(blood pressure gradient more than 40 mmHg).Two cases with aortic arch restenosis received percutaneous transcatheter ballon dilation .One case with new left main bronchus stenosis after opera-tion was strictly followed up.Conclusion IAA is a rare and severe congenital heart disease.Positive surgical repair should be performed after definite diagnosis being made .Although satisfactory results can be obtained with one-stage primary operation , IAA is a kind of progressive chronic disease.New postoperative LVOTO should be focused on becasue it will need reoperation or even the third operation .

BACKGROUND:Until now, musculoskeletal bioengineering used in the orthopedic surgery and regenerative medicine are developing. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the construction strategies for tissue-engineered knee ligaments. METHODS:A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed to screen the relevant literatures using the terms“knee ligament”AND“tissue engineering”OR“regenerative medicine”. The literature retrieval, data assessment and extraction were performed by both authors independently. The relevant literatures were included through reviewing preclinical and clinical studies to display the preclinical and clinical medicine progresses in the construction strategies for tissue-engineered ligaments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Included 224 literatures focus on the construction strategies for tissue-engineered ligaments, including stem cel therapy, growth factors, biomaterials and scaffolds, and mechanical stimulation pattern. Construction techniques for tissue-engineered ligaments have some potential advantages, such as rapid function recovery, good tenacity, and reduced relapse. However, rigorous and high-level randomized control ed clinical trials are needed for the translation of preclinical results into successful clinical trials.