Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV),also known as human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8),is discovered in 1994 from Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) lesion of an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)patient.In addition to its association with KS,KSHV has also been implicated as the causative agent of two other AIDS-associated malignancies:primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD).KSHV is a complex DNA virus that not only has the ability to promote cellular growth and survival for tumor development,but also can provoke deregulated angiogenesis,inflammation,and modulate the patient's immune system in favor of tumor growth.As KSHV is a necessary but not sufficient etiological factor for KS,human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a very important cofactor.Here we review the basic information about the biology of KSHV,development of pathogenesis and interaction between KSHV and HIV.

Objective To observe the effect of Ginkgo on IL-4,IL-5 in serum of asthmatic mice. Methods 40 mouse were randomly divided into three groups(control group, sensitization group, and therapeutic group). The mouse asthmatic models were established by sensitizing with aerosolized ovalbumin(OVA). IL-4,IL-5 in serum in 16 sensitization mouse and 8 control mouse were measured by ELISA, respectively. We injected 0.15ml Ginkgo solution in the abdominal cavity of 16 therapeutic mouse before the episode of asthma. After that, they were challenged with aerosolized OVA and IL-4,IL-5 in serum were measured by ELISA. Results The levels of IL-4,IL-5 in serum in control group were (12.965?2.450)pg/ml, (13.398?4.460)pg/ml, respectively, (16.889?4.835)pg/ml, (19.471?7.207)pg/ml in sensitization, (13.695?4.068)pg/ml, (14.774?5.749)pg/ml in therapeutic group. In the sensitization group, the levels of IL-4,IL-5 in serum were higher than those of the control group( P

Objective To investigate mechanism of cyclooxygenase-2 ( COX-2) in bone loss in a postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) rat mode with ovarietomy (OVX).Methods Forty female Sprague Dawley adult rats at age of 3 months were randomly divided into 4 groups,10 in each group,including shamoperated (sham) group,OVX group,OVX treated with nilesteriol (OVX + E) group and OVX treated with aspirin ( OVX + P) group.All rats in OVX,OVX + E and OVX + P groups underwent ovarietomy under abdominal anesthesia with 10％ chloral hydrate.Rats in sham group were only taken with fat tissue with same weight under bilateral ovary.After surgery,penicillin was administered to prevent infection.At day 7 after surgery,agents were given by intragastric administration for 12 weeks.Nilestriol at 1.0 mg/kg was used in OVX + E group once a week,aspirin at 45 mg · kg - 1 · d- 1 was used in OVX + P group once a day.Saline with same volume was used in rats in sham and OVX groups.All agents were administered one time per day.Dose of agents were adjusted by weight per week.At end of study,bone mineral density (BMD) of right femurs and lumbar vertebrae 3 -5 (L3-5) were measured.Morphology of bone was detected by hematoxylineosin,and expression of COX-2 was determined by immunohistochemistry staining.Results ( 1 ) BMD:BMD of right femur and L3-5 was (0.209 ±0.010) g/cm2 and (0.230 ±0.012) g/cm2 in sham group and (0.181 ±0.008) g/cm2 and (0.201 ± 0.016) g/cm2 in OVX group,which reached statistical difference (P＜0.01).BMD of right femur and L3-5 was (0.203 ±0.009) g/cm2 and (0.224 ±0.028) g/cm2 in OVX + E group and (0.200 ± 0.011 ) g/cm2 and (0.204 ± 0.003 ) g/cm2 in OVX + P group,which were all higher than those in OVX group (P ＜0.01,P ＜0.05).However,there was no statistical difference in BMD between OVX + E and OVX + P group ( P ＞ 0.05).(2) Morphology of bone:bone trabeculae became fewer and degenerated in OVX group.However,bone trabeculae were regular and dense in OVX + P group and OVX + E group,which were similar to those in sham group.(3) Expression of COX-2:cells with COX-2 positive and expression of COX-2 around bone trabeculae in OVX group were more than those in sham,OVX + E and OVX + P group.Conclusion COX-2 plays an important role in PMOP.Aspirin could prevent bone loss by decreasing COX-2 expression in OVX rats.

Objective To explore the relationship of human papilloma virus (HPV) genotype and loading dose with development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix ( SCC),and explore the relationship of HPV genotype and CIN or SCC.Methods One hundred and twenty four patients in Sun Yat-sen Memoral Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University with CIN or SCC from September 2005 to December 2010 were selected in this study.HPV DNA was detected by Hybrid capture Ⅱand flow-through hybridization and gene chip.The relationship between the infection of HPV and CIN or SCC was analyzed.The influencing factors of CIN or SCC were analyzed by logistic regression.Results The total detection rate of HPV was 75.8％,and it was 44.4％,70.0％,95.7％ and 76.2％ in CIN Ⅰ,CIN Ⅱ,CIN Ⅲ and SCC group,respectively.The detection rate of HPV in high-grade lesion group ( 84.5％ ) was higher than low-grade lesion group(44.4％ ).The median of HPV load decreased in order as CIN Ⅲ,SCC,CIN Ⅱ and CIN Ⅰgroup.Infection of multi-genotypes or single genotype of high-risk HPV accounted for 97.9％.In logistic regression,HPV loading dose had significant influence on degree of cervical lesion.Conclusions Infection of HPV is a main etiological factor for SCC.There is some kind of correlation between HPV loading dose and development of SCC.

Objective To discuss one-stage surgical repair of interrupted aortic arch ( IAA) in neonates and young in-fants, summarize follow-up results and subsequent treatments.Methods From September 2010 to December 2014, a series of 38 consecutive neonates and young infants ( M/F =26/12 ) with IAA were admitted in our surgical group to receive surgical treatment, with a median age of 11 days(1 day to 5 months) and a median body weight of 4.1 kg(1.8 to 5.8 kg).IAA was type A in 24 cases, type B in 13 cases and type C in 1 case.Associated cadiovascular anomalies were common except 2 cases, including atrial septal defect(n=23), ventricular septal defect(n=36), left ventricular outlet tract obstruction(LVOTO)(n=7), anomalous left pulmonary artery from aorta(n=1), truncus arteriosus(n=1).There were 5 cases of airway stenosis in 28 cases of CT angiography and 3D airway reconstruction.All the 38 cases were admitted with differential cyanosis.36 cases were recieved one-stage surgical repair except 2 cases died before operation.35 cases of IAA associated with intracardiac anom-alies were repaired through a median sernotomy.Cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) was performed with two canulations in ascend-ing aorta and main pulmonary artery.Selective cerebral perfusion(n=21) or circulatory arrest(n =14) was carried out with body temperature of 18℃-23℃.After the patent ductus arteriosus tissue was completely resected , a continuous end-to-end or end-to-side suturing with 7/0(8/0) prolene was performed.In 1 type B cases with expected excessive anastomotic tension, the left subclavian artery was cut off to release the aortic arch .The associated anomalies were repaired during the cooling or re-warming period.Chest close was delayed to carry out no more than 24-72 h postoperatively in 16 cases.The other one type A IAA case without intracardiac anomaly was repaired through a standard left posterior lateral incision .Patients were strictly fol-lowed up with a standard protocol.Complications such as aortic arch restenosis, new LVOTO, new airway stenosis, and so on, were specialy focused on during the follow-up period.If needed, reoperation or transcatheter intervention was applied to treat the complications.Results Two cases died before operation and another 2 died in the early period postoperatively because of pulmonary hypertension crisis and severe tracheal stenosis, respectively.Sudden death was in 1 case during the follow-up peri-od.Median CPB time was 138 min(105-208 min) and median selective cerebral perfusion or circulatory arrest time was 24 min(16-35 min) .Mechanical ventilation time was 2-25 days.Blood pressure difference between the upper and lower limbs was less than 20 mmHg in all the patients before discharge.29 cases(85.29%) was followed up for 28 months(9 -60 months).3 cases were received reoperation in 5 cases of newly detected LVOTO.One case received reoperation in the 7 preop-erative LVOTO cases because of newly detected LVOTO(blood pressure gradient more than 40 mmHg).Two cases with aortic arch restenosis received percutaneous transcatheter ballon dilation .One case with new left main bronchus stenosis after opera-tion was strictly followed up.Conclusion IAA is a rare and severe congenital heart disease.Positive surgical repair should be performed after definite diagnosis being made .Although satisfactory results can be obtained with one-stage primary operation , IAA is a kind of progressive chronic disease.New postoperative LVOTO should be focused on becasue it will need reoperation or even the third operation .

Objective To investigate the effect of individual nostalgia therapy on positive feelings and sadness of the spouses of postoperative patients with esophageal cancer. Method From June 2014 to June 2015, 60 hospitalized patients and their 60 spouses were set as control group. Routine health education and guidance were conducted once or two times a week for 7 weeks. Another 60 cases of hospitalized patients and their 60 spouses during July 2015 and June 2016 were set up as observation group. The patients were treated with the same nursing intervention as in the control group, and their spouses were subjected to individual nostalgia treatment once a week for 7 weeks. Before the intervention (postoperative day 2) and 7 weeks after the intervention, the positive aspects of caregiving (PAC) and the Margit-Meuser caregiver grief ineventary short form (MM-CGI-SF) were used to investigate their positive feelings and sadness. Result The score on spouse's positive feelings in the observation group after intervention was significantly higher than those of the control group and that of the observation before intervention (P < 0.01). Conclusion Individual nostalgia can effectively improve the feelings of the spouses of esophageal cancer patients and reduce their grief.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Air Pollutants, Occupational ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Humans ; Male ; Manganese ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Middle Aged ; Saliva ; chemistry ; Welding ; Young Adult

Corresponding author: SONG Guang yao Human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVEC) were incubated with free fatty acids (FFAs) of various degrees of saturation. C18:1 and C18:2 inhibited the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin (ET) in HUVEC, and ET synthesis was inhibited much more than NO synthesis, and C18:0 increased ET synthesis in HUVEC, suggesting that the effects of FFAs on HUVEC were related to their degree of saturation.

Objective To explore the histocompatibility and plasticitity of hydroxyapatite/high-density polyethylene composite (HMPE). Design Experimental study. Participants Forty-five rabbits. Methods Rabbits were randomly devided into HA/PE, HA and PE surgical groups, every group included 15 rabbits. Osteoeetomy of orbital rim and implantation (HA/PE, HA and PE materials were used) were performed on 3 groups of the rabbits. At 1st week, 4th week, 8th week, 12th week and 24th week of postoperation, we took out the samples from the rabbits separately in each group and did histopathologic and electron microscope examinations. Main Outcome Measures Physical signs of the implant combination with the bone. The bone cell appeared in the implants. Results After 12 weeks, the calcium salts deposit like bone plate with some osteoblast inside the HA/PE implants was observed. After 8 weeks, the calci- um salts deposit inside the HA plants was observed. In the PE implants, nothing could be seen but some fibrous connective tissue. Conclusion HMPE is an ideal repair material especially for orbital bone.

AIM: To investigate the clinicopathological features of orbit primary liposarcoma. METHODS: By means of histological, ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies, the clinical and pathological features of two cases of orbit primary liposarcoma were analyzed and compared with 6 cases of primary retroperitoneum liposarcoma. RESULTS: Two cases of orbit primary liposarcoma were young persons. The majority of cases of primary retroperitoneum liposarcoma were aged over 40 years. The tumors were located at the retrobulbar region, and involved the wall of eyeball and optic nerve. The tumor cells of case 1 were round, with abundant eosinophilic granules in the cytoplasm, and there were lipoblasts in the tumor cells of two cases. Local recurrence following excision occurred in case 2.Immunohistochemical expression of S100 protein was positive in all cases, and CK (AE1/AE3), desmin, MyoD1, melanoma were negative. Ultrastructure observation showed lipid drops in the tumor cells in case 2 of orbit primary liposarcoma. CONCLUSION: Primary liposarcoma of the orbit may recur.The diagnosis was based on histological,ultrastruc-tural observation and immunohistochemical staining.