The results of detection for anti-HBc IgM in 6 acute hepatitis B cases and a group of individuals with subclinical infection in an epidemic of HB were reported in this paper. The authors had followed up 5 children with subclinical HB infection for 6-7 months and found that the anti-HBc IgM in their sera became negative or declined while anti-HBs became positive. The results showed that the marker of anti-HBc IgM could be used as an indicator of recent subclinical HB infection. This result is valuable in epide-miological survey of HB in general population. The geometric mean values (GMV) of S/N of anti-HBc IgM during the "window period" and the period of seroconversion to anti-HBs in subclinical infection were 3.9 and 1.9, respectively, and were lower than in clinical infection (6.9 and 7.4, respectively). Furthermore, the duration of that was shorter. The phenomenon is worthy of studying further. During the early convalescence, i. e., the period of seroconversion to anti-HBs in patients with acute hepatitis B, the GMV of S/N of anti-HBc IgM was high up to 7.4, which indicated that they might also be infectious.

Objective: To analysis the medical expenses of six diseases and put forward the efficient methods to control their unreasonable rise. Methods: 22582 patients with six diseases in two largest hospitals in Xi'an were chosen and analyzed from 1/1/ 2003 to 10/1/2004. Results: Six diseases were the main reason of hospitalization and the malignancy was most important; drug expense of the uninsured patients, which was the key factor to induce the medical expenses rising, was higher than insured patients. Conclusion: The medical insurance program could control the drug expense efficiently; different control strategies to different diseases were important to distribute the medical resource and lighten the life burdens of the inpatients.

Objective To study the HLA-DRB1 genotype and their r elation with HBV infection among Han patients in shanxi area. Methods HLA-DRB1 genotyping was conducted in 54 patients HBV infection and 108 health controls, as well as 32 asymtomatic HBsAg carriers by using polymerase ch ain reaction/sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) method. All the patients, asy mtomatic HBsAg carriers, and healthy subjects were inhabitants of Shan'xi area o f Han nationality. The association between HLA-DRB1 genotype and different repl ication of HBV were also studied. Results DRB1*04,DRB1*09,DRB 1*12, DRB1*15 were the most common genotypes in the Shan'xi Han inbabitants wit h the frequency of 16.2%,12.5%,11.6% and 13.4% respectively. Compared to 108 healthy controls, the allele frequency of HLA-DRB1*03 was 11.1% in HBV patien ts versus 3.7% in healthy controls, with odds ratio=3.57 and Pc=0.014 ( P

Objective To investigate the role of AT1 receptor autoantibody (AT1-AA) in the inhibitory action of irbesartan on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-related apoptotic signals in rat kidney with diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods DN model rats were induced by high-sugar and high-fat diet plus intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin,and the serum level of AT1-AA was detected by ELISA.These DN rats with positive or negative AT1-AA were divided into DN group and irbesartan treated group.After 4 weeks of irbesartan treatment,TUNEL staining was used to detect renal cell apoptosis.The protein and mRNA expressions of ERS chaperone protein glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and ERS-associated apoptosis proteins were determined by Western blot and RT-PCR.Results Compared with NC group,the apoptosis rate of renal cells in DN group was obviously increased,along with the increased expressions of GRP78,C/EBP homology protein (CHOP),phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK),and Caspase12 protein and mRNA (all P＜0.01).The cell apoptosis and protein and mRNA levels of these genes were significantly decreased after irbesartan treatment (all P＜ 0.01),especially in AT1-AA positive DN rats(all P＜0.05).The renal cell apoptosis rate,and protein and mRNA levels of these four genes in AT1-AA positive DN group were much greater than those in AT1-AA negative DN group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions AT1-AA may be involved in ERS-related cell apoptosis in the kidney of DN rats,and play a role in irbesartan-improved renal function via inhibiting ERS-associated CHOP-JNK-Caspase12 apoptotic signals and renal cell apoptosis.

0.05). CONCLUSION The PCNA labeling index may reflect the proliferating condition of NIP, but does not have relationship with NIP recurrence. And the role of p27 in the development of NIP needs more investigation.

Neurofeedback, as an alternative treatment method of behavioral medicine, is a technique which translates the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals to styles as sounds or animation to help people understand their own physical status and learn to enhance or suppress certain EEG signals to regulate their own brain functions after several repeated trainings. This paper develops a neurofeedback system on the foundation of brain-computer interface technique. The EEG features are extracted through real-time signal process and then translated to feedback information. Two feedback screens are designed for relaxation training and attention training individually. The veracity and feasibility of the neurofeedback system are validated through system simulation and preliminary experiment.
Brain-Computer Interfaces ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Neurofeedback

AIM: To study the HLA-DRB1 genotype and their relation with HBV infection in Shaanxi Han patients.METHODS: HLA-DRB1 genotyping was conducted in 108 case of chronic HBV infection and 108 health controls as well as 32 asymtomatic HBsAg carriers by using polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer method.All the patients,asymtomatic HBsAg carriers and health subjects were residents of Shaanxi district and belonged to Han nationality.The association between HLA-DRB1 genotype and different replication of HBV was also studied.RESULTS: DRB1~*04,DRB1~*09,DRB1~*12 and DRB1~*15 were the most common genotypes in Shaanxi Han residents with the frequency of 16.2%,12.5%,11.6% and 13.4%,respectively.Compared to 108 health controls,the allele frequency of HLA-DRB1~*03(10.6% of HBV patients versus 3.7% of health controls,odds ratio=3.10;P

The sources generating the scalp recordings can be more precisely estimated with the use of fMRI priors. In this paper, an improved source localization algorithm which combines the fMRI priors into the iteration procedure of FOCUSS is presented. The modified algorithm consists of three steps: Firstly, the statistical parameters of fMRI are estimated with the ruler of SPM; Secondly, a diagonal weight matrix is constructed with the estimated parameters; Finally, the weight matrix is integrated into the iteration procedure of FOCUSS. The method was used to localize the EEG sources in the form discrimination experiments, where the fMRI and EEG were recorded, and the results preliminarily confirmed the validity of method.
Algorithms ; Brain Mapping ; Electroencephalography ; methods ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; methods ; Linear Models ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods

How to effectively remove the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) artifacts in the electroencephalography (EEG) recordings, when EEG and functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) are simultaneous recorded, is a challenge for integration of EEG and FMRI. According to the temporal-spatial difference between MRI artifacts and EEG, a new method based on sparse component decomposition in the mixed over-complete dictionary is proposed in this paper to remove MR artifacts. A mixed over-complete dictionary (MOD) of waveletes and discrete cosine which can exhibit the temporal-spatial discrepancy between MRI artificats and EEG is constructed first, and then the signals are separated by learning in this MOD with matching pursuit (MP) algorithm. The method is applied to the MRI artifacts corrupted EEG recordings and the decomposition result shows its validation.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Electroencephalography ; Evoked Potentials ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Principal Component Analysis ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) can prolong the survival time of mice and baboons' alloskin graft and degrade acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) incidence after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. But, at present there is no report that rat umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) reduced rejection response following heart transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To study the immunomodulatory effects of rat UC-MSCs on a model of allogeneic heart transplantation. METHODS: A total of 20 DA rats served as donors, and 20 Lewis rats as recipients. They were equally and randomly assigned to 2 groups: drug intervention and control groups (n=10). Using double cannulation, the left pulmonary artery and innominate artery of rat donors and external jugular vein and common carotid artery of rat recipients received end-to-end anastomosis under a microscope to establish heterotopic cardiac transplantation. One Wistar pregnant rat was selected to harvest UC-MSCs by collagenase digestion method. Following model establishment, rats in the cell transplantation group received UC-MSCs via caudal vein. Rats in the control group received sodium chloride. Survival time of the transplanted heart was determined. The transplanted heart received histopathology score using the acute rejection diagnosis criteria. Lymphocyte infiltration of transplanted heart was observed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the survival time of the transplanted heart was significantly longer in the cell transplantation group (P = 0.001), and the pathological score of acute rejection was significantly reduced (P = 0.000 4). There were lots of lymphocyte and monocyte infiltration in the myocardium in the control group. Little lymphocyte infiltration was detected in the myocardium in the cell transplantation group, with the presence of mild edema of myocardial interstitial substance. Results verified that rat UC-MSCs can induce immune tolerance of heart transplantation, soften immunological rejection and prolong xenograft survival.