Aim To find the material foundation of treatment for diabetes in Coptidis Rhizoma ( RC ) . Methods The antihyperglycemic effect of RC alka-loids ( berberine, coptisine, palmatine, epiberberine, and jatrorrhizine) was evaluated in spontaneity diabe-tes KK-Ay mice. Results After 40 days′ oral admin-istration ( 225 mg · kg-1 · d-1 , ig ) , berberine and coptisine significantly suppressed the elevated fasting blood glucose level and ameliorated the glucose toler-ance . Body weight gain of KK-Ay mice was significant-ly decreased in the epiberberine-treated group. Berber-ine improved insulin resistance and jatrorrhizine in-creased the SOD activity, decreased the MDA level. Conclusions These results indicate that the main an-tihypoglycemic effect constituents are berberine and coptisine, while they show different mechanisms. Pal-matine, epiberberine and jatrorrhizine display different potential roles in the treatment of diabetes. The meth-ylene-dioxy groups at the C-2 , C-3 , C-9 and C-10 po-sitions are indispensable for antihyperglycemic effect of RC alkaloids.

In order to figure out phylogenetic relationship and genetic diversity of different geographical populations,genetic analyses of Aedes albopictus were performed based on mitochondrial gene COI.Based on samples collected from most distribution regions in China,mitochondrial gene Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit I was obtained through PCR and DNA sequence.Together with some COI sequences downloaded from GenBank,60 COI sequences with the final length of 598 bp were used for subsequent analyses.Results showed that there was no obvious divergence according to phylogenetic analyse,all sequences were clustered together in Maximum Likelihood tree.Sixteen haplotypes were detected,and four of them shared haplotypes.Haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.737,nucleotide diversity (π) was 0.20 ％.Population genetic differentiation analyses demon strated that Hainan population showed obvious divergences.In the network of haplotypes,H1 and H6 was found to be the primary haplotypes,and they formed two radical centers.All these results indicate that A.albopictus populations of China are expanding presently,and Hainan population become differential with other geographical populations,which probably attribute to geographical isolations.