Sepsis associated encephalopathy (SAE) features are the diffuse cerebral dysfunction induced by the systemic response to the infection,without clinical or laboratory evidence of direct brain infection or other types of encephalopathy.The core feature of SAE is a diffuse disturbance in cerebral function free of any lateralizing signs.The primary clinical feature of SAE is a change in mental status,especially that of consciousness and cognition.The key prerequisite for the diagnosis of SAE is presence of extracranial infection.There is no precise criteria for the diagnosis of SAE or exclusion of it,and no well-established clinical or biological markers are available.But,neural electrophysiological examination,cranial imaging and biomarkers have been found with implications for the diagnosis of SAE.At present,treatment options for SAE are limited.Things of significant importance are early identification of change in mental status,searching for pathogens and lesions,as well as prompt anti-infectious treatment,maintaining hemodynamic stability and supporting therapy.

Objective To investigate the expression of bcl-2 and PCNA in mixed tumor of skin. Methods Bcl-2 and PCNA expression in 12 cases of mixed tumor of skin were studied using immunohistochemical S-P method and double-staining. Results Positive reactions of bcl-2 and PCNA were observed in all cases. PCNA staining was positive in tumor cells lining cystic and duct-like structures in tumor nests, but bcl-2 staining was positive in epitheloid tumor cells. Most tumor cells with bcl-2 were PCNA negative and vice versa. Conclusion Aberrant expression of bcl-2 and PCNA in mixed tumor of skin may play a role in tumorigenesis.

Objective To evaluate the effect of pressure load of avascular necrosis of the femoral head(ANFH) by percutaneous injection of polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA).Methods Models of ANFH were established in 20 adult white rabbits with 40 femoral heads which were induced by injection of hydrochloride(HCL) and hormone.DR was performed to observe the bony density of femoral head in all rabbits,the cystic degeneration and collapse of femoral head were detected in 21 femoral heads,then DSA was done to observe the blood supply and they were divided into three groups at random,group A in 5 was examined by pathology,group B in 8 was injected with PMMA and group C was as control.The test of pressure loading was performed in group B and C.Results Of 21 femoral heads with cystic degeneration and collaps,8 were in the HCL-induced group and 13 were in the hormone-induced group.DSA showed that the blood supply was decreased,and the arteria were decreased in diameter.After the percutaneous injection of PMMA,all of 8 rabbits in experimental group were successful.The distinction between the means of two samples was significant in loading test(P

Objective To summarize and analyze the relationship between exposure to rabies and its prevalence in Jurong City from 2003 to 2007,and discuss further the possible solutions to it.Methods The data of people vaccinated after being biten by animals were collected,manipulatd,and analyzed,with their illness records dealt with accordingly from 2003 to 2007 in Jurong City.Results Not a single one of 21 596 cases was that of rabies with proper treatment in the last 5 years.The sex ratio was 1.47∶1.The highest probability of exposure was the preschoolers under the age of 10.The disease occurred throughout the year,with the peak in July and September.Those biten by dogs accounted for 86.85% of the exposure to rabies,and among them,people biten by domesticated animals were in the majority.Wounds by the domesticated dogs reached 74.60%.Not a single case was treated properly among the 9 rabies cases reported in the same period.Conclusions Strengthening the management of domesticated dogs,publicizing the knowledge of rabies,treating the wound properly and thoroughly,innoculation with vaccine from the very beginning and administering rabies immune globulin are the effective ways to prevent rabies.

More than 20 protein bands with molecular weights of 19—175 KD in 18 strains of Ureaplosma urealyticum were detected by SDS-PAGE and thin layer scanning analysis. The molecular weights of major proteins were between 32 KD and 140 KD. Among them, the percentages of 67, 78 and 140 KD proteins were similar in all strains, but those of 32, 43 and 94 KD proteins were greatly different. Thus, Ureaplasma urealyticum can be divided into two groups: group A including serovars 2,5,7,9,10,11,12, and local isolates C,D, E, F; group B including serovars 1,3,6,13,14, and local isolates A, B. The serovars of Ureaplasma urealyticum could not be distinguished by using SDS-PAGE alone.

AIM:Long bone growth plate injury induced by wound and infection may cause limb reduction or angular deformity. Tissue engineering provides a promising treatment of growth plate injuries. In this study,we investigated the feasibility of establishing tissue-engineered growth-plate by allograft demineralized bone matrix(DBM) co-cultured with rabbit iliac growth-plate cells. METHODS:The experiment was performed at Department of Orthopaedics,Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from June 2005 to June 2006. ①Two 3-week-old New Zealand rabbits irrespective of gender(clean grade,2.0-2.5 kg) were selected. Growth plate cells were harvested from iliac crest epiphyseal cartilage of the rabbits by dissection and digestion with type Ⅱ collagenase. The third passage cells cultured were collected and incubated on allograft demineralized bone matrix. ② Histology,immunohistochemical staining and electronic scanning microscope(SEM) examinations were performed to observe cell growth on DBM 24 hours,7,14 and 21 days after culture. RESULTS:①Growth plate chondrocytes exhibited polygonal in monolayer culture,and immunohistochemical staining for type Ⅱ collagen was positive. ②SEM examination showed that twenty-four hours after coculture,the cells adhered to DBM scaffolds;Seven days after culture,the growth-plate chondrocytes rapidly proliferated and began to secret extracellular matrix;cells covered the whole scaffold and became overlapped on the 21st day. ③HE staining showed after 14 days of culture,growth plate cells adhered DBM scaffold in spherical shape with abundant cytoplasm. CONCLUSION:Tissue-engineered growth-plate is successfully constructed by allograft mineralized bone matrix co-cultured with rabbit iliac growth-plate cells.

Objective To investigate the expression characteristics of epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 ( egfl 7 ) in arteriosclerosis obliterans ( ASO) tissues and abdominal aortic aneurysm ( AAA ) tissues, and it's role in atherosclerosis (AS).Methods In this study, 8 normal artery, 11 lower extremity ASO and 34 AAA samples were collected.Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization were performed in artery sections to investigate the expression characteristics of egfl 7 at protein and mRNA levels.The relative quantitative detection of egfl 7 mRNA was detected by qRT-PCR.The effect of egfl 7 was examined by RNA interference.Results In ASO and AAA samples, the expression of egfl 7 protein was mainly in the tunica media; The expression site of egfl 7 mRNA was the same as that of egfl 7 protein.Compared with normal artery samples, the expression of egfl 7 mRNA was significantly upregulated in the early stage of ASO samples and AAA samples (325 ± 120 vs.100 ± 36, P ＜ 0.01, 216 ± 133 vs.100 ± 36, P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with the control group, the proliferative ability of smooth muscle cells was significantly down regulated after egfl 7 interference (0.85 ± 0.05 vs.1.34 ± 0.04, P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions egfl 7 might be a gene that regulates the pathogenic process of atherosclerosis through promoting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation.

Objective The purpose of this paper was to use a new biphasic poroelastic tibia model to develop a two-dimensional numerical method for simulating impact responses of human tibia in car-pedestrian accidents. Methods The geometry of tibia model was reconstructed from CT scans of the left tibia of a living human volunteer. A poroelastic approach was utilized to establish the governing equations of the model and the finite element method was applied to solve these governing equations. Both cortical and cancellous components of tibia were represented using a poroelastic material model consisting of solid phase (matrix) and fluid phase (marrow). A lateral-medial impact direction was selected in the simulation analysis and the impact responses of the pedestrian tibia during 0-200 ms were analyzed. Results The bending deformation of the tibia predicted by the computer simulation was primarily concentrated on the impact zones. The displacement response of Node 107 in the impact zone indicated a peak displacement of -6 mm at around 75 ms, and the significant time delay between the impact force and the displacement response of the skeleton. The axial stress response at the center of element E77 in the impact zone indicated a peak stress of 140 MPa at around 30 ms,and the significant time delay was observed between the impact force and the axial stress response of the skeleton, too. Conclusion This research developed a two-dimensional numerical method for simulating impact responses of human tibia in car-pedestrian accidents. It was able to approximately simulate the bending deformation, lateral displacement response and axial stress response of pedestrian tibia in the impact zones,and the effects of the fluid phase on the solid phase. More in-depth investigation is helpful to further the biofidelity of tibia dynamics model.

Thymopentin (TP5) and bursopentin (BP5) are both immunopotentiators. To explore whether the TP5-BP5 fusion peptide (TBP5) has adjuvant activity or not, we cloned the TBP5 gene and confirmed that the TBP5 gene in a recombinant prokaryotic expression plasmid was successfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21. TBP5 significantly promoted the proliferation of thymic and splenic lymphocytes of mice. The potential adjuvant activity of the TBP5 was examined in mice by coinjecting TBP5 and H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) inactivated vaccine. HI antibody titers, HA antibodies and cytokines levels (IL-4 and IFN-γ) were determined. We found that TBP5 markedly elevated serum HI titers and HA antibody levels, induced the secretion of both IL-4 and IFN-γ cytokines. Furthermore, virus challenge experiments confirmed that TBP5 contributed to inhibition replication of the virus [H9N2 AIV (A/chicken/Jiangsu/NJ07/05)] from mouse lungs. Altogether, these findings suggest that TBP5 may be an effective adjuvant for avian vaccine and that this study provides a reference for further research on new vaccine adjuvants.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ; drug effects ; physiology ; Influenza Vaccines ; immunology ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; Interleukin-4 ; immunology ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Mice ; Oligopeptides ; immunology ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections ; drug therapy ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; immunology ; Spleen ; cytology ; Thymopentin ; immunology ; Thymus Gland ; cytology ; Vaccines, Inactivated ; immunology ; Virus Replication

Objective To investigate palmar hyperhidrosis (PH) and the effects on mental health in a military command.Methods 26 392 soldiers were enrolled in this study by stratified-cluster random sampling.Each was required to complete a self-administered questionnaire regarding PH.The soldiers were assessed with symptom checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the factor scores were compared with army norm and civilian norm.Results A total of 25680 subjects fulfilled the questionnaires,and the response rate was 97.3％.The prevalence of PH in the survey sample was 2.66％ and the mild,moderate,and severe PH were 1.49％,0.83％,and 0.34％,respectively.The total mean score of SCL-90 in soldiers with PH (1.72±0.54) was higher than those none PH soldiers (1.65±0.58),civilian norm (1.49±0.41) and military norm (1.63±0.30).Multiple regression analysis showed that age,level of education and severity of PH were important factors for mental health of soldiers with PH (P＜0.05).Conclusion PH is more common in the military,which affect the mental health.The health service departments should pay attention to the treatment and psychological intervention of PH.