An improved method for the preparation of photosensitizer hematophorphy-rin with hemin from anticoagulated fresh swine or ox blood was reported.The results of UV and IR absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, and TLC analysis showed that the photosensitizer hematoporphyrin prepared in such a way was the same as reported.The aqueous sodium salt of photosensitizer hematoporphyrin is unstable.A new peak of emission fluorescence spectra (640 nm) appeared at the same excited wave length (395 nm) on exposure to sun light.This indicated the presence of photolytic product of the photosensitizer.The experiment of the kinetics of the drug showed that it is unstable both to light and heat.The fluorescence decay of the aqueous sodium salt of hematoporphyrin photosensitizer in accordance with the pattern of first-order reaction of kinetics.The results of biological test showed marked photo-inactivity of human carcinoma cell lines of different species in vitro,and the ability in detection and phototherapy of sarcoma 180 (solid) tumor in mice.

Here were reported the preparation and physicochemical properties of a new hema-toporphyrin photosensitizer PSD-007 and its selective uptake in tumor and the efficiency of experimental photolocalization and photoradiation therapy of Sarccma S180 bearing mice.The high photosensitizing PSD-007 with constant composition was prepared from hcmatoporphyrin photosensitizer PSD-001 by the removal of nearly 70% of its low PBT effect components.In comparison with US HPD, the amount of PSD-007 retained in tumor at the different intervals following iv injection was twice that of HPD showing excellent selective tumor PRT effect.In the tumor tissue of sarcoma S180 bearing mice which received an iv injection of 5-10 mg/kg body weight of PSD-007 appeared a bright orange fluorescene and thus it was clearly distinguished from the normal tissues around it at 24 and 48 hrs after injection on exposure to UV light and argon ion laser respectively. And when argon laser irradiation was applied for 20 min, it becomes ecchymosis, partial sclerosis, smoo-thening, and hollow around the center or partial slough after 24 hrs. This showed the reliable effect of experimental photolocalization and photoradiation therapy of tumors.The principal pharmacokinetic parameters of PSD-007 following iv injection to rabbits were also reported which provided a possible reference guide for the resonable administration of this drug in clinical practice.

The preparation,chemical composition and physicochemical properties of photocar-cinorin (PsD-007),a new drug of photolocalizaion and photochemotherapy for human malignancies,are reported here.It has been shown by the resul s of thin layer and high performance liquid chromatographic (TLC & HPLC) analyses that about 85% of its total weight are relatively hydrophobic porphyrins of unknown structure in which a fraction with the same retention time as .hematoporphyrin(Hp)monoacetate constituts over 60%.There are also 4.2% of Hp,8.6% of 3(8) hydroxycthy lS-(3)-vinyldcutero-porphyrin (HVD) and 0.6% of portoporphyrin (Pp) in this drug.The presence and amount of HVD in PsD-007 were determined by an authentic sample prepared in our laboratory.The changes of the composition of PsD-007 on exposure to different doses of argon laser (488+ 514.5nm) were detected by HPLC.The variations in Soret peak of UV absorption spectra of PsD-007 protected from light at a constant temperature were also determined

spleen(?)heart(?)muscle.The pharmacokinetics of PsD-044 in mice was fitted by an open three compartment model. The pharmacokinetic parameters calculated were shown to be essentially consistent with the determination of tissue distribution. It was also shown that PsD-044 can't pass through blood-brain barrier.

OBJECTIVETo study the anti-halitosis effect of sugar-free chewing gum through their influence on odor induced by cysteine.

METHODSTen volunteers were randomly divided into the treatment group and the untreated group; each group consisted of five volunteers. All volunteers consented to participate in a test in which breath odor was induced by cysteine. After the test, the treatment group chewed sugar-free chewing gum for 1 min, whereas the untreated group did not undergo any treatment. The effectiveness was determined by the percent reduction of H2S, CH3SH, and (CH3)2S response after the volunteers chewed gum for 1, 10, and 20 min.

RESULTSAt 1, 10, and 20 min, H2S of the treatment group was reduced by 82.68%, 92.27%, 97.47%, respectively, CH3SH was reduced by 65.49%, 73.79%, and 82.89%, respectively, and (CH3)2S was reduced by 60.45%, 73.82%, and 59.72%, respectively. The differences between the two groups at different times were significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONChewing gum can effectively inhibit cysteine-induced odor.

The chemical composition, separation and identification of the components as well as the tumor photobiological activities of the major components of the new tumor-photochemodiagnostic and photochemotherapeutic agent photocarcinorin (PsD-007) were represented in this paper. It has been shown by the results of HPLC analysis in combination with spectroscopic determinations that PsD-007 is composed of 7 different porphyrins: MHD, DMD, MVD, AHD, HVD, Hp and Pp. The experimental results show that MHD, DMD and MVD are the major tumor photobiologically active components of PsD-007.

Diabetes patients in China is large in number, low level of health literacy, and their self management mainly relies on community doctor's health propaganda and education, as a result, it is very important to train community healthcare professionals to improve their communication skills with patients.Guided by the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), the researchers developed a literacy-addressing training model specifically through: 1) low literacy healthcare education materials written in plain language, simple text, maximal white space, and behavior-oriented images or pictograms;2) a standardized health communication curriculum to promote simple communication with decreased jargon usage, teach teach back, and enhance shared goal-setting;3) use of standardized patients to enhance doctor-patient communication training;and 4) MOOC and a series of videos demonstrating doctor-patient communication scenarios.The novel training model can be used in continuing medical education through traditional on-site classes or by E-learning platform.It is expected to improve the communication skills of community doctors and patients, improve the satisfaction of both doctors and patients, and the effect of patients' self-management.

0.05 ) respectively. Before and after irradiation in the group of 100 mJ, the ratio of G 2+ /P 2+ was 1.667?0.128 and 2.135?0.156( P 0.05 ). Conclusion: The normal pulsed Nd:YAG laser irradiation alone can not increase acid residence of the enamel.

Objective: To observe the decompressive effect of laminectomy on the spinal cord compressed anteriorly in the cervical spine. Methods : The compression of the cervical spinal cord-meningeal complex was simulated using a small transducer pushed into the spinal canal in 7 whole cadaver spines. The depth of canal occlusion was controlled depending on 20%, 30% and 40% of the saggital diameter of the canal. The distribution and the change of the stress on the spinal cord-meningeal complex and the displacement of dural sac were recorded before and after laminectomy. Results: When the anterior transducer was pushed into the spinal canal with 40% occlusion, the force was 3.86 kPa on the anterior wall and 0.38 kPa on the posterior wall of the spinal cord-meningeal complex respectively. After extensive laminectomy, the anterior compressive force decreased 6.06% - 14.38% and the displacement of the posterior dura wall was 0.44 mm. Conclusions: The anterior compressive force was mainly absorbed by the anterior part of the spinal cord-meningeal complex. Extensive laminectomy had no significant decompressive effect on the spinal cord compressed anteriorly inthecervical spine.

The projection area of the volar surface of the human hand was estimated on 52 young Chinese adults(26 males and 26 females.)ranging in age from 18 to 31. The average projection area of the volar surface of the hand was 145.20 square centimetres.It occupied 0.93％ of the calculated body surface.The area of the palm was 86.69 square centimetres, amounting to 59.70％ of the volar surface of the whole hand. All dimensions of different parts of the hand of males were larger than those of females. There was no difference between the right and left hands of both sexes. The coefficient of correlation among the body length, body weight, length and width of the hand, surface area of the whole body with the projection area of the volar surface of the hand was calculated. All showed close correlation. The regression of the estimation of the projection area of the volar surface of the hand with hand length and hand width was established. It is therefore to be assumed that the area of the volar surface of the hand calculated as one per cent of the body area, as it is often used in surgical examina- tions, seems to be a little higher than its real area(0.93％.