The projection area of the volar surface of the human hand was estimated on 52 young Chinese adults(26 males and 26 females.)ranging in age from 18 to 31. The average projection area of the volar surface of the hand was 145.20 square centimetres.It occupied 0.93％ of the calculated body surface.The area of the palm was 86.69 square centimetres, amounting to 59.70％ of the volar surface of the whole hand. All dimensions of different parts of the hand of males were larger than those of females. There was no difference between the right and left hands of both sexes. The coefficient of correlation among the body length, body weight, length and width of the hand, surface area of the whole body with the projection area of the volar surface of the hand was calculated. All showed close correlation. The regression of the estimation of the projection area of the volar surface of the hand with hand length and hand width was established. It is therefore to be assumed that the area of the volar surface of the hand calculated as one per cent of the body area, as it is often used in surgical examina- tions, seems to be a little higher than its real area(0.93％.

Objective To identify the differences of 3D geometry of internal carotid artery (ICA)siphon between the controls and patients with ICA siphon stenosis. Methods The clinical and imaging data of the inpatients underwent carotid artery MRA in the past three years were collected. All patients were divided into the control group ( 17 males and 14 females with mean age of 67. 5 years) and ICA siphon stenosis group (20 males and 9 females with mean age of 58.6 years). There were 5 smokers and 9 smokers in two groups, respectively. The atherosclerotic predisposing factors were compared between the two groups using chi-square test and paired t-test. In order to extract the 3D geometry of ICA siphon, the MRA data were transferred to PC and processed with the software of Mimics. The average curvature radius (ACR) was calculated and paired t-test was applied to determine the bilateral differences in the controls. According to the stenotic site of ICA siphon, ICA siphon stenosis group was divided into C2 segment stenosis group and C4 segment stenosis group. The differences of ACR among the control group, C2 segment stenosis group and C4 segment stenosis group were compared. In addition, the values of ACR in the stenotic and normal sides were compared with paired t-test in patients with unilateral C2 segment stenosis. Results No significant differences were found in gender and smoker between the control group and the ICA siphon stenosis group ( χ2 = 1.63, P ＞ 0. 05; χ2 = 1.86, P ＞ 0. 05 ). The systolic blood pressure was ( 146. 6 ± 21.3 ) mm Hg ( 1 mm Hg =0. 133 kPa) and ( 140. 3 ± 17. 3) mm Hg respectively in the ICA siphon stenosis group and the control group. The serum glucose level was ( 5.94 ± 1.89 ) mmol/L and ( 6. 79 ± 3.57 ) mmol/L respectively in two groups. The serum cholesterol level and triglyceride level were (4. 57 ± 0. 87 ) mmol/L,( 1.34 ± 0. 63 ) mmol/L and (4. 75 ± 1.70) mmol/L, ( 1.54 ± 0. 72) mmol/L respectively in two groups.There were no differences in the atherosclerotic predisposing factors between two groups (t = 1.24, 1.16,0. 71 and 1.16 respectively,P＞ 0. 05). In the control group, the ACRs on the left and right were (3. 82 ±0. 69) mm and (4. 08 ± 1.04) mm respectively and no difference was found ( t = - 1.44, P ＞ 0. 05 ).Kruskal-Wallis test revealed that there were significant differences among the controls, C2 segment stenosis group and C4 segment stenosis group ( χ2 = 6. 67, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The ACR was significantly different only between the controls and C2 segment stenosis group ( t = 2. 63, P ＜ 0. 05 ). The stenotic side had a tendency to have less ACR than the normal side (t =2. 09, P =0. 05) in patients with unilateral C2 segment stenosis. Conclusion Patients with smaller ACR are more susceptible to have the stenosis of C2 segment in ICA siphon, and 3D geometry may be a possible reason for the development of the ICA stenosis.

Objective:To detect gene mutations in 1 patient with Vohwinkel syndrome who presented with palmoplantar keratoderma, pseudo-ainhum and deafness.Methods:Clinical data were collected from the proband, and a genetic test was performed to identify mutation sites.Results:Clinical manifestations of the proband were consistent with classical Vohwinkel syndrome. The genetic test revealed a heterozygous mutation c.160A>C (p.N54H) in the GJB2 gene, which was not detected in her parents or healthy controls.Conclusion:The heterozygous mutation c.160A>C (p.N54H) in the GJB2 gene was first identified in a patient with classical Vohwinkel syndrome, and there were overlaps in mutation sites between classical Vohwinkel syndrome and palmoplantar keratoderma with deafness.