Objective To understand the impacts of a small antimony smeltery on surrounding environment. Methods The samples of raw materials,such as ore and coal,soil and plant around a small antimony smeltery in southwest Guizhou province were analyzed. Results The levels of arsenic,mercury,fluoride ,antimony and selenium in soil around the antimony smeltery significantly increased compared with the average background levels of related elements in nationwide range . The levels of arsenic, mercury,fluoride ,antimony and selenium in soil around the antimony smeltery were 1. 73～4.69,4. 75～237.5,2. 26～3.42,35.6～36. 2,54. 29～57.14 times as much as their related average levels in our country respectively. The levels of arsenic ,mercury ,fluoride and selenium in soil around the smeltery were 1.25～ 3. , 58,1.86～ 93.14,1.38～ 2.08,33. 04～ 34.78 times as much as their related average levels of Guizhou province respectively. The levels of arsenic, mercury, fluoride, antimony and selenium in corn leaves around the smeltery was 67,26.7,1046.4,2220,38. 8 times as much as their related average levels in non-polluted plants respectively. Conclusion The air pollutants,such as sulphur,arsenic,mercury,fluoride,antimony and selenium in industrial waste gas emitted from the antimony smeltery had resulted in heavy pollution to the environment, which was aggravated by the application of coal with high level of sulphur.

Objective:The study is designed to explore the neuroimmunomodulation mediated by 5 HT 3 receptor of hippocampus in rats.Methods:ConA or lipopolysaccharide stimulated splenocytes proliferative responses are measured by TdR incorporation.Results:1 phenylbiguanide(PBG) 1 mg/kg,ip,10 ?g,icv and microinjection in the ventral hippocampus could enhance the splenocyte proliferative responses stimulated by ConA and LPS in mice and rats respectively.But the inhibitory effect on ConA stimulated response was only obtained by bilateral microinfusion of PBG in the dorsal hippocampus,while had no effect on the LPS induced proliferative responses.All of effects on mitogen stimulated splenocyte proliferation could be antiagonized by coadministration of a selective 5 HT 3 antiagonist tropisetron.Conclusion:It suggested that the 5 HT 3 receptors in the hippocampus might mediate neuro immuno modulation in which ventral and dorsal hippocampus have different effects.

BACKGROUND:Bryan cervical disc replacement and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion have a dispute in the treatment of cervical spondylosis.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effects of Bryan cervical disc replacement and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion by meta-analysis, thereby providing clinical evidence for treatment strategy of cervical spondylosis.
METHODS:The authors searched Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, OVID, CBM, CNKI and also searched manual y seven relevant Chinese orthopedic journals for articles pertinent to clinical research of Bryan cervical disc replacement and anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Extracted data included the range of motion of the cervical spine, visual analog scale score, neck disability index, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. Meta-analysis and forest plots were conducted with RevMan4.2.2 Software.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There are eight articles in the meta-analysis, including 883 patients (430 patients receiving Bryan cervical disc replacement, and 453 patients receiving anterior cervical discectomy and fusion). Meta-analysis did detect statistical y significant differences in the range of motion of the cervical spine at 3 months and 24 months postoperatively between the two groups, but did not detect statistical y significant differences in visual analog scale score, neck disability index, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score between the two groups. These findings indicate that Bryan cervical disc replacement is superior to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in the range of motion of the cervical spine. However, the current literature offers no evidence to support superiority of the Bryan cervical disc replacement over the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and indications of a new minimally invasive surgical procedure,the tension-free vaginal tape-SECUR (TVT-S),in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods Twenty-seven consecutive women with stress urinary incontinence underwent the procedure under local anesthesia.The mean age of the study group was 51 (range 25-69)years,average disease duration was 7 (1-20) years.In one case,repair of pelvic floor defects had been made previously.According to the pelvic organ prolapse quantitive(POP-Q) (American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology),the Aa＞-1 cm.Swab tests have shown that the angle of urethra Was greater than 60 degrees,while the evaluation of clinical symptoms were grade Ⅱ.The urodynamie test preoperatively of 27 cases display that bladder compliance was normal,mean maximum urethral closure pressure was 40cm H2O(25-60 cm H2O),and VLPP was greater than 60 cm H2O.Minimum follow up was three months (range 3-15 months).The pre-operative maximal urethral cloSHre pressure (MUCP) of all patients was above 30 cm H2O.Ninety-six percent of patients had pure USI,one patient had mixed urodynamic incontinence (MUI).Collection of the data included operative time a well as pre-and post-operative complications.Patients were post-operatively assessed by a validated urinary incontinence-specific measure of Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaire which was completed by all patients at least three months after surgery. Results All patients who underwent the procedure were under local anesthesia.Of these patients,4 cases (MUCP＜30 cm H2O) underwent TVT-S with U position while the other 23 underwent TVT-S with Hammock position.The mean operation time was 8 minutes (range 6-15 min) and blood loss during operation was about 10 ml.There were no urethral and bladder injuries during the procedure.Postoperative indwelling duration was 0-1 day.After follow-up,26 patients were cured without pad usage and 1 with mixed UI had prominent improvement in urgency incontinence symptoms.The quality of life was also improved significantly.93 % patients were satisfied with the postoperative improvement in urinary incontinence symptoms,and the more severe preoperative symptoms the higher satisfaction rate postoperatively. Conclusions TVT-S iS a safe,effective and minimally invasive procedure for SUI with less complication.The patients with normal bladder compliance and MUCP,urethral hypermobility are indicated for this surgery,some elderly patients or patients with low urethral pressure were proposed to undergo U position TVT-S or TVT.

Objective 　To investigate the factors associated with long-term efficacy of microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm. Methods　253 cases of hemifacial spasm treated with microvascular decompression were followed 13 to 144 months (mean 73 months). Results　Hemifacial spasms were obliterated in 232 cases (91.7%) and were partially relieved in 10 cases (4%). However, hemifacial spasm recurred 11 cases (4.3%). We re-operated on those who had recurrent hemifacial spasm and found that the material used for previous decompression had moved. The movement of decompression material could be the cause of spasm recurrence. Conclusions　Upholding of depression material around the blood vessels against movement near the facial nerve plays an important role for improving the long-term efficacy of MVD for hemifacial spasm.

Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Occupational Exposure

Accurate diffusion was used to get low concentrations samples, and then the samples were detected by UV photoionization high-field asymmetric ion Mobility spectrometry ( UV-FAIMS ) . The samples were chemical warfare agent simulants ( CWAS) vapor:dimethyl methylphosphonate ( DMMP ) , dimethyl sulfoxide ( DMSO) , tributyl phosphate ( TBP ) and dimethyl sulfoxide ( DMF) . The results of FAIMS spectra data were analyzed by separation of spectra at different dispersion voltage ( DV ) and compensation voltage ( CV ) . A two-dimensional spectrum of α2 and α4 of CWAS was established. It was shown that FAIMS could identify CWAS well and have a good sensitivity. Take DMMP as a example, the detection limit was better than 0. 55 μg/L.

Objective To explore the strategies of diagnosis and treatment of severe multiple injuries in Emergency Intensive Care Unit (EICU).Methods The clinical data of 226 patients with severe multiple injuries were analyzed retrospectively.188 patients were treated by surgical operation,and 38 patients were not treated by surgical operation.Results Among these patients,46 patients (accounted for 20.3%)were with pulmonary infection and atelectasis,41 patients (accounting for 18.1%)were with multiple -organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), 35 patients (accounted for 15.5%)were with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS),and 19 patients (accounted for 8.4%)were with stress ulceration and bleeding.198 patients (accounted for 87.6%)were successfully rescued, and 28 patients (accounted for 12.3%)died.The main cause of death in the early stage was the serious craniocerebral injury,and the main cause of death in the later stage was the multiple -organ dysfunction.Conclusion EICU plays a very important role in comprehensive treatment of severe multiple injuries,and can obviously increase the success rate of treatment and cure of severe multiple injuries.

Objective To investigate the relationship between telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene expression and astrocyte activation.Methods Twenty neonatal 3-day-old male SD rats were used for culture of the astrocytes.The astrocytes were divided into Group A (activated,non-transfected astrocytes),Group B (activated,transfected astrocytes),Group C (unactivated astrocytes) and Group D (activated,empty plasmid transfected astrocytes) according to the random number table,with 5 rats per group.The cell proliferation rate in each group was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) ;TERT expression by immunocytochemical method; expressions of TERT and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) genes by RT-PCR assay.Results Astrocytic proliferation ability in Group B lowered significantly as compared with that in Groups A,D and C (F =43.418,P ＜ 0.01).Expressions of TERT and GFAP mRNAs in Groups A and D were significantly higher than those in Group B and C,and no significant difference was found between Groups A and D.Besides,there was a linear correlation between mRNAs expressions of both genes in Groups A and D (r =0.701,0.704,P ＜ 0.01),while no significant linear correlation was observed in Groups B and C (r =0.260,P ＞ 0.05).Expressions of TERT and GFAP proteins in Groups A and D were markedly higher than those in Groups B and C and no significant difference was found between Groups A and D.Conclusion TERT genes are involved in the activation of astrocytes and exert effect on promoting the activation of astrocytes.

Objective To study seasonal variation of blood pressure (BP) in patients with essential hypertension (EH) and its association with meteorological elements. Methods In total, 1800 patients with essential hypertension were recruited by cluster sampling from three townships and towns in Qingzhou,Shandong province, 1155 men and 645 women, with an average age of 61.3 years (ranging from 29 to 85years). BP was measured for all of them in sitting position at 8:00 in the morning every seven to 14 days during July 2008 to June 2009. Local meteorological data were collected accordingly such as temperature,humidity and atmospheric pressure, and multivariate regression analysis was performed to show their association. Results In general, BP in patients with EH presented a decreasing trend during the first half year of observation, with the lowest in the summer ( May to August). From September to October, their BP began to increase gradually, and reached the peak in the winter ( November to February nest year). There was significant difference in systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) between various seasons (Pspring-summer = 0.002 and 0.000, Pwinter-spring = 0.001 and 0.000, Psummer-autumn = 0.045 and 0.000,Psummer-winter =0. 000 and 0. 000, Pautumn-winter =0. 000 and 0. 000, respectively), except for those between the spring and autumn. Both SBP and DBP reversely associated with outdoor air temperature and room temperature(beta= -0.08, t = -2.39, P ＜0.05 and beta = -0.24, t = -6.21, P ＜0.01,respectively), (beta = -0.08, t = -2.39, P ＜0.05 and beta = -0.24, t = -6.21, P ＜0.01,respectively). Conclusions BP in patients with EH reveals seasonal variation, with the lowest in the summer and the highest in the winter and evident fluctuation in the spring and autumn, especially in SBP,which associates with room temperature and their blood vessel elasticity.