To compare the clinical effect of Qianliekang and finasteride in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia to explore the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine for the therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods:Totally 36 Wistar rats were selected, and then divided into 3 groups randomly with 12 ones in each, namely Qianliekang group, finasteride group and the control group. After 14 days of castration, the three groups were all treated with subcutaneous injection of 5 mg kg-1 testosterone propi-onate, and Qianliekang group was additionally treated with intragastric administration at 10-fold adult dose, finasteride group was trea-ted with intragastric administration at the dose of 0. 1 mg·kg-1 , and the control group was treated with the same amount of distilled water. The rats were sacrificed after the 21-day treatment, and the wet weight of prostate was determined, the prostate volume was measured and the pathological changes in prostate tissue were observed under a light microscope. Results:The wet weight of prostate in Qianliekang group and finasteride group was (0. 467 ± 0. 061) g and(0. 408 ± 0. 058) g, respectively, the prostate volume was (0. 371 ± 0. 059)ml and(0. 365 ± 0. 054)ml, respectively, and the above indicators were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Qianliekang can effectively inhibit benign prostatic hyperplasia in the model rats, and the mechanism may be related to the proliferation inhibition of prostate cells.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of microevolution on phenotypes and drug resistance of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm. Methods:The standard strain of Trichosporon asahii was obtained from the Fungal Biodiversity Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, the fluconazole-sensitive primary strain (TO) of Trichosporon asahii was isolated from a case of trichosporonosis diagnosed in the Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital in 2000, and the fluconazole-resistant evolved strain (TEVO) of Trichosporon asahii was isolated from the above patient in 2014. Biofilms of the above-mentioned strains were formed in vitro, and tetrazolium salt XTT reduction assay was performed to evaluate growth kinetics of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm, and laser scanning confocal microscopy to determine the thickness of the biofilm; the sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations (SMICs) of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole against the biofilms at different growth stages were determined in vitro for the evaluation of the resistance of the biofilms. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparisons among multiple groups, and Hartley test for testing homogeneity of variance. If the variance was homogeneous, least significant difference test was used for multiple comparisons; if the variance was heterogeneous, Tamhane′ T2 test was used for multiple comparisons. Results:In the adhesion (0 h) and formation stages (4- 24 hours) of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm, the metabolic activity of the evolved strain TEVO was the weakest (adhesion stage: F = 35.705, P < 0.001; formation stage: F = 15.042, P < 0.001) . At 48 hours after adhesion, the biofilms matured, and the TO strain showed the weakest metabolic activity ( F = 10.985, P < 0.001) . In the maturation stage, the biofilm thickness of the TEVO strain (26.1 ± 1.18 μm) was significantly higher than that of the TO strain (22.8 ± 1.73 μm, P = 0.001) , but significantly lower than that of the standard strain (29.5 ± 1.28 μm, P = 0.001) . As drug susceptibility testing showed, the SMICs of azole antifungal agents against the TEVO strain were higher than those against the TO strain in the adhesion and formation stages of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm, and the SMICs of azole antifungal agents against the biofilms of the 3 strains of Trichosporon asahii were all over 1 024 mg/L in the maturation stage of the biofilm. Conclusion:Under the dual pressure of host environment and antifungal drugs, adaptive changes took place in the phenotypes of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm with an increase in the resistance to azole antifungal drugs.

Objective To investigate the value of FIESTA sequence for the abdominal scanning of the patient undergoing uneffective respiratory triggering. Methods 40 cases undergoing uneffective respiratory triggering were adopted as the subjects. GE SIGNA 1.5T and fat-suppressed technique got involved in. Two chief physicians and two associate chief technologists compared the image quality and the lesion detective rate. Results FIESTA sequence was better than FSE T2WI in the aspect of image quality, but worse in lesion detective rate. Conclusion FIESTA sequence is clinically valuable for the abdominal scanning of patient undergoing unffective respiratory triggering.

A fragment of chalcone synthase gene (SmCHS) was cloned from the cDNA library constructed in Saussurea medusa. The full-length cDNA sequence of SmCHS was obtained by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that the full length of SmCHS was 1313 bp, containing an open reading frame (1170 bp) encoding 389 amino acids. The molecular weight of the protein was estimated to be 43 kDa. The prokaryotic expression plasmids pET28a(+)-SmCHS was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) for expression. SDS-PAGE indicated that the fusion protein was expressed partially in soluble form after induction by IPTG. The recombinant protein was collected and purified by Ni-NTA affinity column. The enzymatic activity assay of the purified recombinant protein showed that the fusion protein had chalcone synthase activity. It could catalyze the condensation of a 4-coumaroyl-CoA with three malonyl-CoAs to produce naringenin chalcone.
Acyltransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Catalysis ; Chalcones ; biosynthesis ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Saussurea ; enzymology ; genetics

We investigated the plant regeneration and production of flavonoids in three high-yield flavonoids transgenic Saussurea involucrata hairy roots C17, C27 and C46 by quantification of two phytohormones GA3 and IAA. The results showed that GA3 concentration at more than 1.0 mg/L could induce adventitious shoots in the hairy root lines. The highest shoot regeneration rate, about 82%, was obtained when the hairy roots C17 were cultured with 2.0 mg/L GA3. The results on HPLC and UV spectrophotometry showed that exogenous application of both GA3 and IAA increased the content of flavonoids in the hairy roots. The contents of flavonoids and apigenin in the hormone-treated hairy roots and regenerates were higher comparing with those in the untreated hairy roots and the regenerates. However, the content of flavonoids was not related to tissue weight, and was negatively related to the regeneration efficiency.
Culture Techniques ; Flavonoids ; biosynthesis ; Gibberellins ; pharmacology ; Indoleacetic Acids ; pharmacology ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Saussurea ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effects of ginkgo biloba extracts ( EGb761) on learning and memory and the protective effect on hippocampal neurons in rats with vascular dementia (VD). Meth-ods Ninety rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,model group and EGb761-treated group, with 30 rats in each group. Rats in each group were examined at 15 days,1 month and 2 months,with 10 rats in each time point. VD model was established by bilateral carotid artery occlusion combinding with injection of sodium nitroprusside. Morris water maze test was used to detect the learning and memory function of rats. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was observed by immunofluorescence. Western-blot was used to detect the protein expression of P-glycoprotein ( P-GP ), excitatory amino acid transporters 2 ( EAAT2),caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of P-GP and EAAT2 in the hippocampus of rats in each group. Results Compared with sham-operated group,the escape latency (EL) was significantly prolonged at each time point in model group ( sham-operated group:15 days (15. 52±3. 23) s,1 month ( 14. 21 ± 2. 62) s,2 months ( 15. 37 ± 1. 66) s;model group:15 days ( 30. 35 ± 2. 30)s,1 month(40. 78± 3. 55) s, 2 months( 33. 88± 1. 47) s; all P<0. 01). The EL of EGb761-treated group was significantly shorter than that of the model group(EGb761-treated group:15 days(25. 69±2. 44)s, 1 month(20. 78±1. 72)s,2 months(18. 23±1. 67)s,all P<0. 01). Immunofluorescence showed that the ex-pression of GFAP in EGb761-treated group was lower than that of the model group (P<0. 01). Western blot showed that cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in EGb761-treated group at each time point was significant-ly lower than that in the model group (P<0. 01). Western-blot and RT-PCR results showed that the protein and mRNA expression of P-GP and EAAT2 in EGb761-treated group at 15 day and 1 month time points were significant increased than those in the model group (P<0. 01). At 2 month time point,which were lower than those in the model group (P<0. 01). Conclusion EGb761 can improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats,and regulate the protein and mRNA expression of P-GP and EAAT2 in hippocampus of VD rats at different time points (up-regulated in 1 month and down-regulated in 2 month),and down-regulate the ex-pression of cleaved caspase-3 and GFAP at different time points,thereby delaying the brain damage of VD rats and protecting neurons.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate clinical efficacy and safety of Miao medicine Jinyin huashi granules combined with western medicine in the treatment of chronic calculous cholecystitis(CCC). METHODS:A total of 120 CCC patients in our hospi-tal during Jan. 2014-Jan. 2016 were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 60 cases in each group. Con-trol group was given 50％ Magnesium sulfate solution 10 mL orally before meal,tid;amoxicillin 0.5 g orally,tid+Racanisodamine tablets 10 mg,tid+Compound dantong tablets 1 slice,tid,after meal. Observation group was additionally treated with Miao medi-cine Jinyin huashi granules 15 g,tid,on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for consecutive 4 weeks. Clinical effi-cacies,the improvement of upper abdominal pain,nausea and greasy,calculus were observed in 2 groups. The thickness of gall-bladder,serum levels of IL-2 and IL-5,mRNA and protein expression of CYP7A1 and B-UCT were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment. The occurrence of ADR was recorded in 2 groups. RESULTS:Total response rate of observation group was 96.67％,which was significantly higher than 88.33％ of control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). One d and one week after treatment,the improvement rates of upper abdominal pain were 63.33％ and 81.67％ in observation group, which were significantly than 36.67％ and 50.00％ of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statisti-cal significance in the improvement rate of nausea or greasy after treatment between 2 groups(P>0.05). The stone-free rate of ob-servation group was 33.33％ and significantly higher than 11.67％ of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in the thickness of gallbladder wall,serum levels of IL-2 or IL-15,mRNA and pro-tein expression of CYP7A1 or B-UCT between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,the thickness of gallbladder wall,serum lev-els of IL-2 and IL-15 were all decreased significantly in 2 groups,while mRNA and protein expression of CYP7A1 and B-UCT were increased significantly;observation group was significantly better than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Miao medicine Jinyin huashi granules combined with western medicine show significant therapeutic efficacy for CCC,can effectively improve right upper quadrant pain,nausea and greasy,decrease serum levels of IL-2 and IL-5 and up-regulate mRNA and protein expression of CYP7A1 and B-UCT with good safety.

Objective:To explore the infection rate and clinical characteristics of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods:From July 2015 to October 2016, the fecal samples and clinical data of 30 IBD children admitted to Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University, as well as the specimens and data of 30 healthy children were collected in the meantime. The toxin gene of Clostridium difficile was detected and clinical characteristics of children with positive toxin gene were analyzed retrospectively. χ 2 test was used to compare the variables between groups. Results:Among the 30 IBD patients, 15 were in ulcerative colitis (UC) group and 15 in Crohn′s disease (CD) group. In the IBD group, 6 (3 in UC and 3 in CD group) had positive result of toxigenic Clostridium difficile (20%), among whom 5 were toxin Clostridium difficile A (tcdA) +toxin Clostridium difficile B (tcdB) -, and 1 was tcdA+tcdB+. In the healthy group, only one had positive result of toxigenic Clostridium difficile (3%), which was tcdA+tcdB-. Binary toxin gene was negative in both groups. The infection rate of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in IBD group was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (χ 2=4.043, P=0.044). In UC group, no Clostridium difficile toxin gene was detected during the remission period (0/1), one case was positive for toxin gene (1/11) during mild active period, and 2 cases were (2/3) during moderately active period. There were significant differences in the infection rate of toxigenic Clostridium difficile between patients in different active period (χ 2=4.000, P=0.046). The main manifestations of the 6 cases were diarrhea, abdominal pain and bloody stool, and the relapsed case was characterized by sudden aggravation. TcdA was detected in all toxin gene positive samples, and 1 case combined with tcdB had more serious bloody mucopurulent stool. Five cases had colonoscopy, but there was no obvious characteristics of toxigenic Clostridium difficile colitis such as yellow white plaques or pseudomembranous spot. Three cases had antibiotic exposure history. All 6 cases were sensitive to metronidazole treatment, and stable without relapse during the 3-month follow-up. Conclusions:The infection rate of toxigenic Clostridium difficile in children with IBD is higher than that in healthy children. The patients with both tcdA and tcdB could have more serious clinical symptoms, although there may not be specific pathological changes of toxigenic Clostridium difficile colitis. The recognition of toxigenic Clostridium difficile infection in IBD children should be strengthened in clinical work.

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of dual targeted therapy（DTT）in the treatment of refractory inflammatory bowel disease（IBD）in children.Methods:The diagnosis and treatment processes of refractory IBD children treated with DTT in the Department of Gastroenterology,Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from April 2022 to May 2024 were analyzed retrospectively,and their clinical characteristics were summarized.Results:A total of ten children with refractory IBD were included,including five males and five females,with a median onset age of 12.58 (5.25,13.33) years old,and seven cases of Crohn's disease (CD) and three cases of ulcerative colitis (UC),with a median disease course of 1.25 (0.91,4.00) years，were treated with DTT for a median time of 6.08 (6.00,13.40)months.Two (2/7) cases of CD patients were partially effective with infliximab(IFX) treatment,while five (5/7) cases were partially effective with a combination of IFX and azathioprine treatment.These patients received DTT with UST in addition to continuous using of IFX.When the seven CD patients were treated with DTT for four weeks,12 weeks and 24 weeks,and the clinical remission rates were 42.9%(3/7),71.4%(5/7) and 100%(7/7)，respectively.The pediatric Crohn's disease activity index gradually decreased,which were significantly lower than those before treatment( P<0.05).Fecal calprotectin,C-reactive protein,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,and blood white blood cells all gradually decreased,which were lower than those before treatment,while hemoglobin and serum albumin were higher than those before treatment.Three children with UC were all resistant to glucocorticoids.One case was partially effective with adalimumab treatment,one case was partially effective with IFX combined with immunosuppressive agents,and one case was partially effective with vedolizumab.All the three UC patients received DTT treatment with UST in addition to continuous using of the original biological preparation.When the three UC patients were treated with DTT for four weeks and 12 weeks,one case showed clinical remission,one case showed clinical response,and one case showed no clinical response.After 24 weeks of DTT treatment,two cases achieved clinical remission and one case had no clinical response.Re-examination of colonoscopy showed that one case of clinical remission had mucosal healing and one case had mild disease activity.However,there was a slight improvement in disease activity under endoscopy compared with that before DTT in patient who had no clinical response.During DTT treatment,no adverse events occurred in all patients. Conclusion:DTT is effective and relatively safe for children with refractory IBD,and can be one of the attempts for children with IBD when they are partially effective with one biological agent.

Objective To explore the performance of routine blood test parameters,bone marrow parameters and the risk factors of leukemia conversion in higher-risk patients with myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS)treated with Bushen Jiedu Huayu Method in the real world.Methods The clinical data of 162 patients with higher-risk MDS who were admitted to the Department of Hematology,Xiyuan Hospital,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from September 2017 to September 2022 were collected,and their clinical data,blood routine parameters,and bone marrow parameters were analyzed.Results A total of 162 higher-risk MDS patients were included,and the overall effective rate of the combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment,mainly using Bushen Jiedu Huayu Method being 48.8%.Patients with higher-risk MDS who were younger than 70 years old were more likely to obtain curative effect when treated with Bushen Jiedu Huayu Method combined with chemotherapy(P<0.05).After treatment with Bushen Jiedu Huayu Method,PLT levels in higher-risk MDS patients were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05),and PLT levels in the ineffective group increased more significantly(P<0.05).After treatment,the HGB level in the effective group significantly increased(P<0.05).After treatment,the proportion of bone marrow granulocytes,megakaryocytes and lymphocytes in higher-risk MDS patients were significantly higher than those before treatment(P<0.05).Conclusion Bushen Jiedu Huayu Method,mainly using arsenic containing TCM compound,can treat higher-risk MDS.It can increase the HGB content and PLT level of patients,increase the proportion of bone marrow granulocytes,megakaryocytes and lymphocytes,and also play a certain role in reducing the proportion of bone marrow primitive cells,namely demethylation.