To compare the clinical effect of Qianliekang and finasteride in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia to explore the effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine for the therapy of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods:Totally 36 Wistar rats were selected, and then divided into 3 groups randomly with 12 ones in each, namely Qianliekang group, finasteride group and the control group. After 14 days of castration, the three groups were all treated with subcutaneous injection of 5 mg kg-1 testosterone propi-onate, and Qianliekang group was additionally treated with intragastric administration at 10-fold adult dose, finasteride group was trea-ted with intragastric administration at the dose of 0. 1 mg·kg-1 , and the control group was treated with the same amount of distilled water. The rats were sacrificed after the 21-day treatment, and the wet weight of prostate was determined, the prostate volume was measured and the pathological changes in prostate tissue were observed under a light microscope. Results:The wet weight of prostate in Qianliekang group and finasteride group was (0. 467 ± 0. 061) g and(0. 408 ± 0. 058) g, respectively, the prostate volume was (0. 371 ± 0. 059)ml and(0. 365 ± 0. 054)ml, respectively, and the above indicators were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0. 05). Conclusion:Qianliekang can effectively inhibit benign prostatic hyperplasia in the model rats, and the mechanism may be related to the proliferation inhibition of prostate cells.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of microevolution on phenotypes and drug resistance of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm. Methods:The standard strain of Trichosporon asahii was obtained from the Fungal Biodiversity Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, the fluconazole-sensitive primary strain (TO) of Trichosporon asahii was isolated from a case of trichosporonosis diagnosed in the Department of Dermatology, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese People′s Liberation Army General Hospital in 2000, and the fluconazole-resistant evolved strain (TEVO) of Trichosporon asahii was isolated from the above patient in 2014. Biofilms of the above-mentioned strains were formed in vitro, and tetrazolium salt XTT reduction assay was performed to evaluate growth kinetics of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm, and laser scanning confocal microscopy to determine the thickness of the biofilm; the sessile minimum inhibitory concentrations (SMICs) of fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazole against the biofilms at different growth stages were determined in vitro for the evaluation of the resistance of the biofilms. One-way analysis of variance was used for comparisons among multiple groups, and Hartley test for testing homogeneity of variance. If the variance was homogeneous, least significant difference test was used for multiple comparisons; if the variance was heterogeneous, Tamhane′ T2 test was used for multiple comparisons. Results:In the adhesion (0 h) and formation stages (4- 24 hours) of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm, the metabolic activity of the evolved strain TEVO was the weakest (adhesion stage: F = 35.705, P < 0.001; formation stage: F = 15.042, P < 0.001) . At 48 hours after adhesion, the biofilms matured, and the TO strain showed the weakest metabolic activity ( F = 10.985, P < 0.001) . In the maturation stage, the biofilm thickness of the TEVO strain (26.1 ± 1.18 μm) was significantly higher than that of the TO strain (22.8 ± 1.73 μm, P = 0.001) , but significantly lower than that of the standard strain (29.5 ± 1.28 μm, P = 0.001) . As drug susceptibility testing showed, the SMICs of azole antifungal agents against the TEVO strain were higher than those against the TO strain in the adhesion and formation stages of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm, and the SMICs of azole antifungal agents against the biofilms of the 3 strains of Trichosporon asahii were all over 1 024 mg/L in the maturation stage of the biofilm. Conclusion:Under the dual pressure of host environment and antifungal drugs, adaptive changes took place in the phenotypes of the Trichosporon asahii biofilm with an increase in the resistance to azole antifungal drugs.

Objective To investigate the value of FIESTA sequence for the abdominal scanning of the patient undergoing uneffective respiratory triggering. Methods 40 cases undergoing uneffective respiratory triggering were adopted as the subjects. GE SIGNA 1.5T and fat-suppressed technique got involved in. Two chief physicians and two associate chief technologists compared the image quality and the lesion detective rate. Results FIESTA sequence was better than FSE T2WI in the aspect of image quality, but worse in lesion detective rate. Conclusion FIESTA sequence is clinically valuable for the abdominal scanning of patient undergoing unffective respiratory triggering.

A fragment of chalcone synthase gene (SmCHS) was cloned from the cDNA library constructed in Saussurea medusa. The full-length cDNA sequence of SmCHS was obtained by RT-PCR. Sequence analysis showed that the full length of SmCHS was 1313 bp, containing an open reading frame (1170 bp) encoding 389 amino acids. The molecular weight of the protein was estimated to be 43 kDa. The prokaryotic expression plasmids pET28a(+)-SmCHS was constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) for expression. SDS-PAGE indicated that the fusion protein was expressed partially in soluble form after induction by IPTG. The recombinant protein was collected and purified by Ni-NTA affinity column. The enzymatic activity assay of the purified recombinant protein showed that the fusion protein had chalcone synthase activity. It could catalyze the condensation of a 4-coumaroyl-CoA with three malonyl-CoAs to produce naringenin chalcone.
Acyltransferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Catalysis ; Chalcones ; biosynthesis ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Saussurea ; enzymology ; genetics

We investigated the plant regeneration and production of flavonoids in three high-yield flavonoids transgenic Saussurea involucrata hairy roots C17, C27 and C46 by quantification of two phytohormones GA3 and IAA. The results showed that GA3 concentration at more than 1.0 mg/L could induce adventitious shoots in the hairy root lines. The highest shoot regeneration rate, about 82%, was obtained when the hairy roots C17 were cultured with 2.0 mg/L GA3. The results on HPLC and UV spectrophotometry showed that exogenous application of both GA3 and IAA increased the content of flavonoids in the hairy roots. The contents of flavonoids and apigenin in the hormone-treated hairy roots and regenerates were higher comparing with those in the untreated hairy roots and the regenerates. However, the content of flavonoids was not related to tissue weight, and was negatively related to the regeneration efficiency.
Culture Techniques ; Flavonoids ; biosynthesis ; Gibberellins ; pharmacology ; Indoleacetic Acids ; pharmacology ; Plant Growth Regulators ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Saussurea ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effects of ginkgo biloba extracts ( EGb761) on learning and memory and the protective effect on hippocampal neurons in rats with vascular dementia (VD). Meth-ods Ninety rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group,model group and EGb761-treated group, with 30 rats in each group. Rats in each group were examined at 15 days,1 month and 2 months,with 10 rats in each time point. VD model was established by bilateral carotid artery occlusion combinding with injection of sodium nitroprusside. Morris water maze test was used to detect the learning and memory function of rats. The expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was observed by immunofluorescence. Western-blot was used to detect the protein expression of P-glycoprotein ( P-GP ), excitatory amino acid transporters 2 ( EAAT2),caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of P-GP and EAAT2 in the hippocampus of rats in each group. Results Compared with sham-operated group,the escape latency (EL) was significantly prolonged at each time point in model group ( sham-operated group:15 days (15. 52±3. 23) s,1 month ( 14. 21 ± 2. 62) s,2 months ( 15. 37 ± 1. 66) s;model group:15 days ( 30. 35 ± 2. 30)s,1 month(40. 78± 3. 55) s, 2 months( 33. 88± 1. 47) s; all P<0. 01). The EL of EGb761-treated group was significantly shorter than that of the model group(EGb761-treated group:15 days(25. 69±2. 44)s, 1 month(20. 78±1. 72)s,2 months(18. 23±1. 67)s,all P<0. 01). Immunofluorescence showed that the ex-pression of GFAP in EGb761-treated group was lower than that of the model group (P<0. 01). Western blot showed that cleaved caspase-3 protein expression in EGb761-treated group at each time point was significant-ly lower than that in the model group (P<0. 01). Western-blot and RT-PCR results showed that the protein and mRNA expression of P-GP and EAAT2 in EGb761-treated group at 15 day and 1 month time points were significant increased than those in the model group (P<0. 01). At 2 month time point,which were lower than those in the model group (P<0. 01). Conclusion EGb761 can improve the learning and memory ability of VD rats,and regulate the protein and mRNA expression of P-GP and EAAT2 in hippocampus of VD rats at different time points (up-regulated in 1 month and down-regulated in 2 month),and down-regulate the ex-pression of cleaved caspase-3 and GFAP at different time points,thereby delaying the brain damage of VD rats and protecting neurons.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate clinical efficacy and safety of Miao medicine Jinyin huashi granules combined with western medicine in the treatment of chronic calculous cholecystitis(CCC). METHODS:A total of 120 CCC patients in our hospi-tal during Jan. 2014-Jan. 2016 were randomly divided into control group and observation group,with 60 cases in each group. Con-trol group was given 50％ Magnesium sulfate solution 10 mL orally before meal,tid;amoxicillin 0.5 g orally,tid+Racanisodamine tablets 10 mg,tid+Compound dantong tablets 1 slice,tid,after meal. Observation group was additionally treated with Miao medi-cine Jinyin huashi granules 15 g,tid,on the basis of control group. Both groups were treated for consecutive 4 weeks. Clinical effi-cacies,the improvement of upper abdominal pain,nausea and greasy,calculus were observed in 2 groups. The thickness of gall-bladder,serum levels of IL-2 and IL-5,mRNA and protein expression of CYP7A1 and B-UCT were compared between 2 groups before and after treatment. The occurrence of ADR was recorded in 2 groups. RESULTS:Total response rate of observation group was 96.67％,which was significantly higher than 88.33％ of control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). One d and one week after treatment,the improvement rates of upper abdominal pain were 63.33％ and 81.67％ in observation group, which were significantly than 36.67％ and 50.00％ of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statisti-cal significance in the improvement rate of nausea or greasy after treatment between 2 groups(P>0.05). The stone-free rate of ob-servation group was 33.33％ and significantly higher than 11.67％ of control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). Before treatment,there was no statistical significance in the thickness of gallbladder wall,serum levels of IL-2 or IL-15,mRNA and pro-tein expression of CYP7A1 or B-UCT between 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,the thickness of gallbladder wall,serum lev-els of IL-2 and IL-15 were all decreased significantly in 2 groups,while mRNA and protein expression of CYP7A1 and B-UCT were increased significantly;observation group was significantly better than control group,with statistical significance (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the incidence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Miao medicine Jinyin huashi granules combined with western medicine show significant therapeutic efficacy for CCC,can effectively improve right upper quadrant pain,nausea and greasy,decrease serum levels of IL-2 and IL-5 and up-regulate mRNA and protein expression of CYP7A1 and B-UCT with good safety.

Objective To identify prognostic factors ofmotorfunctionafter surgery of metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC).Methods The clinical data of 681 patients with spinal metastases from January 2008 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed.According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,a total of 206 patients with spinal metastatic were included.Postoperative neurological function was assessed using Frankel classification.The influence of age,gender,preoperative status,number of spine metastases,location of spinal metastases,visceral metastases,bone metastases,primary tumor type,interval from symptom to surgery,time of developing motor deficits,interval from primary tumor diagnosis to MSCC,preoperativethe Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG-PS),Karnofsky Performance score (KPS) and surgical procedures on postoperative function outcomes were explored.Results 140 (68.0％) patients were able to walk postoperatively compared with 88 (42.7％) patients preoperatively.Moreover,in 89.8％ of all patients,79 ambulatory patients maintained ambulation after treatment.The univariate analysis according to Ordered-logit model showed thatnumber of spine metastases,location of spinal metastases,preoperative ECOG-PS,preoperative KPS,interval from symptom to surgery and time of developing motor deficits were related with posttreatment motor functions.The multivariable analysis showed that number of spine metastases (OR=2.03;95％CI:1.12-3.33;P=0.04),preoperative ECOG-PS (OR=4.84;95％CI:2.42-8.15;P=0.038),interval from symptom to surgery (OR=3.78;95％CI:3.12-9.15;P=0.024),time of developing motor deficits(OR=2.75;95％CI:1.22-3.89;P=0.01) were independent prognostic factors for function outcomes.Conclusion 1-2 levels of metastasis,Interval from symptom to treatment ≥ 48 h,time of developing motor deficits ≥7 d,and ECOG-PS 1-2 can be considered as the most significant positive prognosticfactors for post-treatment ambulatory status.Spinal metastasis should have a higher priority,and immediate intervention should be started before the development of irreversible neurologic deficits.Increasing awareness of early symptoms and earlier screeningwith regular outpatient review might make a difference for patients with MSCC.Consequently,the identified prognostic factors can be considered as apreoperative assessment tool to predict the neurologic outcomeand guide clinical treatment for individual patients with MSCC.

Objective:To analyze the cases referred to a higher-level hospital from the Department of Neonatology in a primary hospital, and evaluate the efficiency of clinical works related to the referrals.Methods:Data of neonates admitted to the Department of Neonatology at Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Dabu County from January 2018 to December 2020 and referred to the superior hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 1 670 neonates were included and 128 neonates were referred.The median age of the neonates referred was 0.5 hours(0 hours, 25 days), the median gestational age was 38 + 3(29 + 1, 42 + 4) weeks, the median weight was 3 000(1 250, 4 800) g, and the transport distance was 78 km.Twenty-four cases were assessed as critical cases before the referral, 125 cases were improved and discharged after treatment in the superior hospital, and three cases died.The referral rate in 2018, 2019 and 2020 showed a downward trend year by year (10.3%, 7.6% and 4.0%, respectively), and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=14.362, P=0.001). The proportion of critical cases in referral cases increased year by year (9.4%, 23.9% and 38.9%, respectively), and the difference was statistically significant( χ2=9.289, P=0.010). The incidence of critical case was higher in those whose mothers didn′t have regular prenatal examination during pregnancy( χ2=5.129, P=0.032). Conclusion:The ability of neonatal treatment in primary hospitals has been improved.The neonates need to be referred and critical cases are not rare in primary hospitals.More attention should be paid to the safety and effectiveness of the regional transport network.Also, enhancing the health awareness of residents and improving the primary medical technics are important to maximize the life safety and optimal transition of newborns.

Refractory angina is characterized by recurrent and persistent angina with a duration of not less than three months， which is related to reversible ischemia and hypoxia caused by coronary stenosis and obstruction. It mainly involves obstructive coronary artery disease and non-obstructive coronary artery disease with coronary artery spasm and coronary microvascular dysfunction. “Stasis and toxin” play an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. The pathogenesis of stasis and toxin is stubborn filthy turbidity featured by slow accumulation and sudden onset，and rapid changes，which coincides with the characteristics of refractory angina which is complex and changeable，prolonged and difficult to cure. The pathogenesis of refractory angina involves a combination of underlying deficiency and excessive manifestation， with "stasis and toxin" playing a crucial role as an important pathological factor in the whole process of refractory angina. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） employs a holistic approach known as "activating blood circulation and removing toxins"， which is supplemented by various methods to tonify Qi and warm Yang， nourish the kidneys and invigorate the spleen， clear heat and transform phlegm. This approach applies anti-inflammatory measures， regulates lipid metabolism， inhibits oxidative stress and thrombus formation， protects endothelial function in blood vessels， as well as establishes collateral circulation for the prevention and treatment of refractory angina. Therefore，based on the theory of "stasis and toxin"，combined with TCM theory and modern medical research，this paper discusses the pathogenesis of refractory angina and the prevention and treatment strategy of TCM，and elucidates the reasons for the difficulty in curing refractory angina and the relationship between refractory angina and common angina pectoris，coronary microvascular dysfunction，coronary artery spasm and obstructive coronary artery disease，hoping to provide certain theoretical basis and clinical ideas for the prevention and treatment of refractory angina with TCM.