Objective To study the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)gene polymorphism and the risk factors of Binswanger's disease (BD) in Chinese Han nationality.Methods ACE gene insertion/deletion(ID) polymorphism in 111 Chinese Han Nationality patients with BD, 98 patients with hypertension and 102 normal controls were detected by polymorase chain reaction (PCR) technology,serum ACE was measured by colorimetric method,the risk factors of BD and family histories were assessed.Results The DD genotype frequency(0.64) was higher in BD group than in hypertension group (0.31, P

Objective To estimate the relationships between lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) activity and cerebral feeding artery athemsclemsis.Methods The blood samples were obtained from 148 atheroselerosis patients (atheroselerosis group) and 40 normal controls (control group).Activity of plasma Lp-PLA2 and traditional factors were determined.Logistic and regression model was adopted to analyze the roles of Lp-PLA2 and generally inflammatory risk factors in athemselemsis.Results Lp-PLA2 activity was significantly higher in atheroselerosis group than that in control group [(29.84±3.50)lesion number showed positive correlation with Lp-PLA2 (r=0.491,P＜0.01 and r=0.249,P=0.026).Adjusted other risk factors,Lp-PLA2 was an independent risk factor in cerebral feeding artery atherosclerosis.Conclusion Lp-PLA2,a novel inflammatory marker,is an independent risk factor of cerebral feeding artery atherosclerosis.

Objective To study the diagnosis and surgical treatment of adrenal cavernous hemangi -oma. Methods The data of one case with adrenal cavernous hemangioma was retrospectively reviewed .A 62-year-old female patient admitted in out hospital on 18th June, 2013 due to the paroxysmal hypertension for 10 years and finding the left adrenal mass for 2 months.Her highest blood pressure was 175/55 mmHg and the response for the drug treatment was poor .In recent 6 months, her blood pressure was unstable .Ab-dominal ultrasound showed a hypoechoic mass in left adrenal .Enhanced CT examination showed an irregular mass in the left adrenal gland , with the size of 4.5 cm ×2.5 cm ×3.9 cm,peripherally enhanced in arterial phase , contrast agent filling in portal venous phase , and high density in delay phase .Abdominal MR exami-nation showed a mass before abdominal aortic , with clear and smooth edge .The mass showed low signal in T1WI phase and high signal in T 2WI phase, which was considered as pheochromocytoma .24h urinary cate-cholamines showed that norepinephrine was 103.0 nmol, epinephrine was 9.8 nmol and dopamine was 18.9 nmol.Octreotide (99Tcm-TOC) showed slight high expression of somatostatin receptor .Preoperative diagnosis was left pheochromocytoma . Results After the preoperative medical preparation of phenoxybenzamine for 3 weeks, her blood pressure was maintained at 120-132/50-70 mmHg, with stuffy nose, warm hand and foot, and the weight gain of about 1 kg.The patient was undergone laparoscopic resection of left adrenal tumor under general anesthesia on June 24, 2013.The postoperative blood pressure returned to normal .And the left adrenal pathology was cavernous hemangioma .Following up for 5 months, the patient had normal blood pressure without the tumor recurrence . Conclusions The adrenal cavernous hemangioma is extreme-ly rare with high rate of misdiagnosis .For adrenal tumor with typical hemangioma imaging , the diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma should be considered .For tumors larger than 6 cm, surgery is recommended .The first choice of operative approach is laparoscopic resection of adrenal tumor , and normal adrenal tissue should be retained as far as possible.

This study performed phylogenic analysis on a dengue strain isolated from an outbreak of dengue fever in 2009 at Yiwu City of Zhejiang Province,China,and further to analyze the immunogenicity of E protein of this viral isolate.Firstly,the viral genome was amplified by RT-PCR and phylogenetic trees were constructed by MEGA 4 based on both nucleotide and amino acid sequences of E and NS1 proteins.The phylogenetic analysis showed that the similarity of Yiwu strain with the Guangzhou GZ1D3 strain and the India GWL-25 strain was over 99％.Secondly,the expression plasmid of E protein was constructed and transfected into 293T cells.The secreted E protein were then purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation and used to inoculate BALB/c mice.The humoral immunity was evaluated by ELISA and neutralizing antibody analysis.Resuits showed that the E protein of Yiwu strain could induce dengue specific IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies.Therefore,the study found that the Yiwu strain was classified into the subtype Ⅲ of dengue virus type 3 (DENV-3),and the E protein of this strain had strong immunogenicity

The severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is the causative pathogen of an emerging infectious disease severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome and a new member in the genus Phlebovirus of family Bunyaviridae. Immune responses and pathological lesions in SFTSV-infected Balb/C mice and hamsters were evaluated by inoculation of SFTSV at 105 TCID50 or 103 TCID50 per animal through four different routes of infection, including intravenous, intramuscular, intraperitoneal, and intracerebral injections. The vehicle control groups were also included. At different time points after the inoculation blood and plasma samples were collected. Blood cell counts, blood viral RNA copies, and plasma antibodies were detected by automatic blood cell counters, real-time PCR, and luminex assays, respectively. At two weeks post inoculation, the animals were sacrificed. Tissues including heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine, muscle, and brain, were collected for pathological analyses. Results showed that the SFTSV could infect Balb/C mice and hamsters with SFTSV-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) M and IgG antibodies detected in plasma samples on day 7 post inoculation. The SFTSV-specific IgM levels peaked on day 7 post inoculation and then decreased, whereas the SFTSV-specific IgG levels started to increase on day 7 and then peaked on day 14 post inoculation. Pathological analyses indicated significant pathological lesions in liver and kidney tissues. In conclusion, SFTSV could can infect different strains of rodent animals and cause similar immunological and pathological responses.
Animals ; Antibody Specificity ; Bunyaviridae Infections ; blood ; pathology ; Cricetinae ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Immunoglobulin M ; blood ; Leukocyte Count ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Organ Specificity ; Phlebovirus ; immunology ; physiology

Objective To investigate the clinical presentation,diagnosis,and surgical management of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor encephalitis.Methods One case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in a previously healthy 17-year-old female related to the development of NMDA receptor autoantibodies triggered by an ovarian teratoma was reported.The related literature was reviewed and the clinical feature was summarized.Results Removal of the ovarian teratoma combined with intravenous immuneglobulin and corticosteroid proved curative with eventual resolution of the paraneoplastic disease process and associated psychiatric symptoms.Conclusion Increasingly,reports of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratomas,as well as a novel assay to measure these antibodies suggest an etiology for this disease process that may be amenable to prompt surgical excision.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of mild hypothermia at different starting times on the physiological functions of the viscera of exertional heat stroke (EHS). Methods A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted. EHS patients admitted to intensive care unit of the 159th Hospital of People's Liberation Army and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from June 2015 to June 2017 were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2, 4, 6 hours start hypothermia treatment groups according to the random number table method, the mild hypothermia was initiated at 2, 4 and 6 hours after the disease onset respectively, and the methods were the same in each group. After treatment of 2, 12, 24 hours, the venous blood in the three groups was collected to detect serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) with chemiluminescence method, MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) with immunosuppressive method, creatinine (Cr) with creatine oxidase method, β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) with turbidimetry, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) with enzyme method. Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) within 24 hours after treatment was recorded. Linear regression analysis of the correlation between mild hypothermia start-up time and MODS was done. Results Ninety-three cases of EHS were included,with 32, 31 and 30 patients in 2, 4, 6 hours start treatment groups respectively. There were no significant differences in gender, age, core temperature, onset time to admission, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation system Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) score at admission among the three groups. There were no significant differences in the levels of serum cTnI, CK-MB, Cr, β2-MG, ALT and AST at 2 hours after treatment. But with the prolongation of the treatment time, all indicators gradually increased. And the earlier start of the mild hypothermia, the less significant of the above indexes. All indexes in 2 hours start treatment group were significantly lower than those of 2 hours and 6 hours start treatment groups at 24 hours after treatment [cTnI (ng/L): 49.53±9.25 vs. 56.52±10.05, 64.57±11.21; CK-MB (U/L):51.47±11.83 vs. 57.87±7.43, 64.40±7.93; Cr (μmol/L): 140.97±11.33 vs. 148.16±10.39,155.57±8.65; β2-MG (mg/L): 10.28±1.46 vs. 11.58±2.13, 12.93±1.98; ALT (U/L): 248.53±75.47 vs. 341.42±129.58, 425.77±101.23;AST (U/L): 197.25±42.59 vs. 292.81±58.49, 351.20±60.41, all P < 0.05]. There was significant difference in the incidence of MODS in 2, 4, 6 hours start treatment groups [43.75% (14/32), 64.52% (20/31), 80.08% (24/30), χ2= 8.761, P = 0.013]. Linear regression analysis showed that the earlier onset time of mild hypothermia, the lower incidence of MODS (R2= 0.915, P = 0.013). Conclusion The application of mild hypothermia in 2 hours can effectively protect the physiological function of EHS organs and reduce the incidence of MODS.

Objective To observe the effect of different core temperatures (Tc) after heat strike on serum inflammatory cytokines and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in rat. Methods 120 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n = 30) and heat strike group (n = 90). The rats in heat strike group were put into simulated thermal climate animal module after adaptive training. The module temperature was raised to 39 ℃ in 30 minutes with 65% humidity. The rats ran simultaneously at 15 m/min, on the slope of 0°, 8 minutes each time, 2 minutes interval, and the heat strike time was 90 minutes. After the rats came out of the module, rectal temperature, which was Tc value, was recorded. The rats died or Tc < 41 ℃ during the experiment were excluded, the remaining 73 rats were divided into three subgroups: 41.0-41.9 ℃ (n = 38), 42.0-42.9 ℃ (n = 26), and ≥43.0 ℃ (n = 9). The rats in the normal control group were reared at temperature of (25±2) ℃, and humidity of (55±5)%. At 0 hour and 24 hours after the rats came out of the module, femoral artery blood was collected to determine serum interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-17), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) andγ-interferon (IFN-γ) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The cardiac troponin I (cTnI), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were determined by automatic biochemical analyzer. The incidence of MODS and the number of accumulative organs within 24 hours of the rats in different Tc of heat strike group were compared and analyzed. Results The serum inflammatory cytokines and biochemical parameters at 0 hour after heat strike were significant higher than those of the normal control group, and showed a time dependence. Further analysis showed that the inflammatory response and organ dysfunction in rats were increased gradually with the increase in Tc of rats. Compared with the normal control group, at 24 hours after heat strike, inflammatory cytokines in Tc≥43.0 ℃ rats were increased obviously [IL-1α (ng/L): 13.56±2.07 vs. 2.24±0.62, IL-1β (ng/L): 17.11±1.90 vs. 7.40±1.52, IL-17 (ng/L): 17.00±1.41 vs. 6.00±1.78, TNF-α (ng/L):16.78±1.79 vs. 7.27±1.74, IFN-γ (ng/L): 21.11±2.09 vs. 10.43±2.31], and the biochemical parameters were also increased obviously [cTnI (ng/L): 50.78±6.67 vs. 20.53±3.09, CK-MB (U/L): 62.89±3.82 vs. 22.00±3.01, SCr (μmol/L): 149.22±4.35 vs. 92.53±8.32, BUN (nmol/L): 55.22±1.99 vs. 19.10±2.02, ALT (U/L): 388.33±4.97 vs. 100.23±10.61, AST (U/L): 361.22±6.53 vs. 97.67±10.54, all P < 0.01]. The incidence of MODS within 24 hours in the heat strike group was 54.79% (40/73), and the higher the Tc, the higher the incidence of MODS, and the more insulted organs [the incidence of MODS in 41.0-41.9 ℃, 42.0-42.9 ℃, and ≥43.0 ℃ subgroups was 36.84% (14/38), 65.38% (17/26), 100.00% (9/9), and the organ involvement rate was 12.17% (37/304), 23.08% (48/208), and 48.61% (35/72), respectively, when 8 organs or systems were calculated for each rat, both P < 0.01]. Conclusion The higher the Tc of heat strike rats, the stronger the inflammatory reaction and the more serious the damage of tissue, and the more extensive damage of the organs.

Objective To observe the effects of Soyasaponins on inflammatory factors, antioxidant activity and exercise ability in rats with severe heat stroke. Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normal control group, heat shock model group, saline control group and Soyasaponin group, The rats that died during the experiment or with a low rectal temperature (< 41℃) were excluded, and finally 54 rats were included, 18 rats remaining in each group. The rats in the heat shock model group were placed in the simulated hot climate animal cabin at 30 ℃, and the temperature within 30 minutes was raised to 39 ℃ in the cabin with 65% humidity; in the mean time, the rat models of heat shock were replicated under the following situations: let the rats exercise on a treadmill with running speed set at 15 m/min, slope degree 0°, once running for 8 minutes, interval 2 minutes and the heat shock time was 90 minutes, the rats in the normal control group were fed in an environment with temperature ranging from 23-25 ℃ and relative humidity ranging from 50%-70%. After the establishment of models, the saline control group and Soyasaponin group were given daily saline and Soyasaponin (10 mg/kg) respectively by gavage for 3 consecutive months, while the heat shock model group was not given any treatment. The femoral artery blood was collected 24 hours after the rats left the cabin. The serum levels of interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), malonaldehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) and the contents of serum hemoglobin (Hb), serum urea (BUN), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and blood lactic acid (Lac) were measured by automatie biochemical analyzer. Results The levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MDA, Hb, BUN, LDH, Lac in heat shock model group were significantly higher than those of the normal control group [IL-6 (ng/L): 86.17±4.82 vs. 12.60±3.49, IL-1β (ng/L): 83.00±5.98 vs. 15.70±3.64, TNF-α (ng/L): 72.22±6.93 vs. 13.75±2.69, IFN-γ (ng/L): 36.22±3.02 vs. 7.35±1.60, MDA (nmol/mg): 19.78±4.56 vs. 6.40±1.35, Hb (g/L): 136.22±1.93 vs. 126.75±5.84, BUN (mmol/L):21.06±3.44 vs. 5.65±1.35, LDH (μmoL·s-1·L-1): 9.65±0.83 vs. 2.12±0.17, Lac (mmol/L): 552.56±78.33 vs. 1.32±0.18, all P ＜ 0.05], SOD and GSH-Px were significantly lower than those in normal control group [SOD (kU/L):97.89±10.57 vs. 126.65±11.35, GSH-Px (kU/L): 19.22±2.58 vs. 43.45±4.02]; however, the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MDA, BUN, LDH and Lac in Soyasaponin group were significantly lower than those in heat shock model group [IL-6 (ng/L): 45.28±3.54 vs. 86.17±4.82, IL-1β (ng/L): 41.61±2.93 vs. 83.00±5.98, TNF-α (ng/L):37.22±2.46 vs. 72.22±6.93, IFN-γ (ng/L): 19.22±2.60 vs. 36.22±3.02, MDA (nmol/mg): 11.28±1.74 vs. 19.78±4.56, BUN (mmol/L): 11.78±2.13 vs. 21.06±3.44, LDH (μmoL·s-1·L-1): 3.70±0.26 vs. 9.65±0.83, Lac (mmol/L): 274.56±59.08 vs. 552.56±78.33, all P < 0.01], SOD, GSH-Px and Hb were significantly higher than those of heat shock model group [SOD (kU/L): 116.11±11.28 vs. 97.89±10.57, GSH-Px (kU/L): 31.17±2.90 vs. 19.22±2.58, Hb (g/L): 141.33±3.79 vs. 136.22±1.93, all P < 0.01]; there were no significant statistical differences in above indexes between heat shock model group and saline control group (all P > 0.05). Conclusion After heat shock and exercise management, the production and release of inflammatory factors are increased, and the level of lipid peroxidation was elevated in rats. The Soyasaponin can improve the ability to withstand heat shock and strong exercise by reducing the production and release of inflammatory factors and lipid peroxidation in the rats with severe heatstroke.