Objective To evaluate the effects of different low doses of aprotinin given before operation on blood coagulation in patients undergoing meningioma resection. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients aged 18-60 yrs were randomized to receive intravenous aprotinin 0.5 or 1.0 or 2.0?106 KIU (group Apro 1, 2, 3) or normal saline (control group) before operation. 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES) 1 000 ml was infused at 25 ml?min-1 after induction of general anesthesia. Venous blood samples were taken before aprotinin was given ( T1 , baseline), before operation after aprotinin was given (T2), while the tumor was being resected (T3), at the end of surgery (T4) and 24h after operation (T5) for routine blood and coagulation tests including Hb, Hct, RBC, WBC and PLT counts, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT) fibrinogen concentration (FIB) and thrombin time (TT) and tests using Sonoclot coagulation and platelet function analyzer including Sonoclot activated clotting time (Son ACT), rate of clot formation (CR) and platelet function (PF). Results The 4 groups were comparable with respect to demographic data, duration of operation, uine output, amount of fluid infused and blood loss during operation and volume of the tumor. RBC count, Hb, Hct and PLT count were significantly decreased during and after operation (T2-5) while WBC counts were significantly increased at T5 as compared with the baseline values at T1 in the 4 groups. PT was significantly prolonged and FIB and CR significantly decreased in the 4 groups; APTT was significantly prolonged in group Apro 2 and 3; PF was significantly increased in group Apro 3 during operation at T2-4 as compared to the baseline values at T1 but all returned to normal level after operation at T5 .Conclusions Preoperative aprotinin 1.0 and 2.0?106 KIU can prolong APTT. Aprotinin 2.0?106 KIU provides effective protection of platelet function.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of the target controlled administration of sufentanil and intermittent sufentanil during awake craniotomy. Methods 40 patients were randomized into target controlled infusion of sufentanil group (n=20) and intermittent sufentanil group (n=20) and compared. Results The hemodynamic parameters were similar in the two groups. However, target controlled infusion of sufentanil was associated with significantly lower respiratory rate （P<0.05）, higher end tidal CO2 （P<0.05）, and higher dosage of sufentanil （P<0.01）, compared with those of intermittent sufentanil. Conclusion Intermittent sufentanil infusion is associated with less respiratory depression than target controlled administration of sufentanil in awake craniotomy.

Aim To study effects of N-Acetylcysteine on Lipopolysaccharide-induced immunological liver injury in mice. Methods A model of immunological liver injury was induced by injection of LPS in mice primed with BCG. NAC was administered in two different modes. In mode A, mice were pretreated with two doses of NAC before LPS, one (150 mg?kg-1, ip) at 4 h before LPS and the other (150 mg?kg-1, ip) at 15 min before LPS. In mode B, mice were administered with two doses of NAC after LPS, one (150 mg?kg-1, ip) injected immediately after LPS and the other (150 mg?kg-1, ip.) injected 4 h after LPS. Some mice were sacrificed at 1.5 h after LPS and livers were dissected for total RNA extraction. Hepatic TNF-? mRNA level was determined by using RT-PCR. The remaining mice were sacrificed at 8 h after LPS. Blood serum was collected for measurement of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and nitrate plus nitrite. Livers were dissected for measurements of GSH and lipid peroxidation. Results Pretreatment with NAC significantly alleviated LPS-induced increase in ALT activity, attenuated LPS-induced hepatic GSH depletion and TNF-? mRNA expression in mice primed with BCG. However, NAC had no effects on LPS-induced NO production and hepatic lipid peroxidation. By contrastwith pretreatment, posttreatment with NAC had littleeffects on LPS-induced immunological liver injury and in fact aggravated LPS-induced NO production and hepatic GSH depletion and increased LPS-induced mortality in mice primed with BCG. Conclusion NAC has a dual effect on LPS-induced immunological liver injury. Pretreatment with NAC protects against LPS-induced immunological liver injury via counteracting LPS-induced oxidative stress and TNF-? mRNA expression in mouse liver. However, when administered after LPS, NAC behaves as a prooxidant and aggravates LPS-induced mortality in mice primed with BCG.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effect of stellate ganglion block (SGB) combined with Tianshu capsule on migraine.Methods Ninty patients with migraine were randomly divided into the trial group (n=44, treated by SGB combined with Tianshu capsule) and control group (n=46, treated by SGB only). All patients of two groups were evaluated with numeric rating score (NRS) for pain before treatment and 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months after treatment, and the therapeutic effects of two groups were compared.Results The NRS scores of patients in the two groups at each time point decreased, but scores of patients in the trial group were significantly lower than that in the control group at 3 days, 1 month and 3 months after treatment ( P<0.05). The effective rate of the trial group was superior to that of the control group ( P<0.05).Conclusion SGB combined with Tianshu capsule is more effective on migraine and has less side effect.

AIM: To study the chloride channel activity [ICl_(Ca)] in vascular smooth cells of the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS: The vascular beds of mesenteric arteries were isolated from the pentobarbital anesthetized rats and perfused with 37 ℃ PSS at a constant flow rate. The vasoconstriction response to norepinphrine (NE) was determined by changes in perfused pressure. The strips of the rat arteries were mounted in an organ chamber filled with 37 ℃ PSS and the vascular tension was measured. RESULTS: (1) The contractile responses of mesenteric arteries to NE in SHR were greater than that in Wistar rats. (2) The inhibitory magnitude of the contractile response by niflumic acid in SHR was significantly less than that in Wistar rats and showed dose-dependent manner. (3) Decreasing the extracellular Cl~- concentration increased the contractile response to NE significantly and the amplitude of enhanced contractile response in SHR was greater than that in Wistar rats. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that NE-induced contraction is enhanced in SHR, which is partly due to an increase in Cl~- efflux through the Ca~(2+)-activated Cl~- channels. The chloride channel activity may increase in association with the elevation of vascular tone and blood pressure.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the measurement of plasma D-dimer level in the diagnosis of acute and chronic deep venous thrombosis(DVT) of the lower limbs. Methods Gold colloids immunofiltration assay(GIA) was used to detect D-dimer in the plasma in 121 patients with DVT of the lower limbs confirmed by continuous wave Dopper ultrasound and B-mode ultrasound (normal value

Objective:To study the characteristics of stress faced by and coping style of patients with tempormandibular disorder (TMD). Methods: Thirty patients with TMD and thirty normal controls participated in the study. All subjects were asked to answer the psychological rating questionnaires, including life events scale (LES) and trait coping style questionnaire (TCSQ). The muscle electricity were also measured when the subjects were exposed to an acute stress situation. Results: There were significant difference in LES, TCSQ and response to acute stress. Patients with TMD encountered more life events than normal controls. They also used more negative coping styles and less positive ones. The responses evoked by acute stress situation were more intense and lasted longer than normal controls. Conclusion: Stressful life events, coping style and responses evoked by acute stress may play a significant role in etiology of TMD.

Thirty one cases of colon carcinoma were treated withChangliuping,combined with surgical operation andchemotherapy.The survuval rates of 1,3,and 5 years100%,81.25% and 65.0% respectively.Resultsshowed that this decoction is capable of improving thephysical condition,lowering the level of CEA,withcertain adjusting action on immunity,while experi-ments proved that the decoction yields marked inhibi-tion on S_(180),Lewis and EAC,on spontaneous metast-sis and marked elevation of cytoimmunity in tumorbearing mice.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the expression of MMP-2,MMP-9 and invasion of gallbladder carcinoma.Method Seventeen specimens of gallbladder carcinoma,9 cases of gallbladder adenoma and 9 cases of chronic cholecystis were assessed by using immunohistochemical method(S-P method).Results There were no significant difference in MMP-2 and MMP-9 expressions between gallbladder carcinoma and adenoma,but they were significantly higher than that of chronic cholecystis.The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-9 had no correlation with the histological differentiation or Nevin staging.Conclusion MMP-2 and MMP-9 may play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis in gallbladder carcinoma.

Aim To investigate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) pretreatment/posttreatment on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intra-uterine fetal death (IUFD) and intra-uterine growth retardation (IUGR) in mice.Methods In the first experiment,all pregnant mice except controls received an intraperitoneal (75 ?g?kg-1) injection of LPS on gd 15~17.In LPS+NAC groups,the pregnant mice were treated with NAC before and/or after LPS. The saline-and NAC-treated pregnant mice served as controls. The dams were sacrificed on gd 18. In the second experiment,all pregnant mice except controls received an intraperitoneal (75 ?g?kg-1) injection of LPS on gd 15. In LPS+NAC groups,the pregnant mice were treated with NAC before and/or after LPS. The saline-and NAC-treated pregnant mice served as controls. The dams were sacrificed at 1.5 h or 6 h after LPS.Results pretreatment with NAC significantly alleviated LPS-induced fetal mortality and reversed LPS-induced growth development retardation.Correspondingly,pretreatment with NAC significantly attenuated LPS-induced elevation in TNF-? concentration in maternal serum and amniotic fluid and lipid peroxidation in maternal and fetal livers. By contrast to pretreatment,posttreatment with NAC had no effect on LPS-induced TNF-? production and lipid peroxidation,and did not protect against LPS-induced IUFD and IUGR and in fact aggravated LPS-induced preterm labor.Conclusion Pretreatment with NAC attenuates LPS-induced IUFD and IUGR,whereas posttreatment with NAC aggravates LPS-induced preterm labor.