Prof. SUN Guang-rong holds that how to define the representative clinical case records out of regular ones,what to learn from it,and how to direct other people to learn from it are the key questions to answer before moving to the study; in research process of the project of the Representative Clinical Case Records Collection and Study of Contemporary Eminent and Experienced Chinese Medicine Practitioners,conventional study method and modern information technology are used in conjunction on all the clinical case records of the screened eminent and experienced doctors from all over the country,the defined representative case records are studied and sorted out according to disease or symptom,highlights before and notes and comments following the case record details,guiding people easily to read each great Chinese medical talents,their academic thought and clinical technology; the academic analysis on each eminent and experienced practitioner is the most important part of the project and with it the academic whole story can be seen in a natural and close related way.

Gut microbiota(GM)consists of a complex community of microorganism species that live in the digestive tracts of animals including humans. Dysbiosis is believed to involve in the development of some diseases. Recently dysbiosis in the patients with Alzheimer′s disease(AD)and AD rat models was reported. GM may influence the pathogenesis and development of AD in several ways. Some neurotoxic substances produced by GM can invade into the brain via circulation and impair the neural functions. These sub?stances include ammonia,cyanobacteria-producedβ-N-methylamino-L-alanine,saxitoxin,anatoxin-αand amyloid. The decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in hippocampus and cerebral cortex induced by dysbiosis contributes to the cognitive dys?function. Dysbiosis related endotoxin can induce inflammation,which is one important risk factor for obesity,insulin resistance(IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus(TIDM). AD and diabetes have good correlation and similarity. Probiotics,prebiotics and Chinese herbal medicines can rebuild GM and have been reported to ameliorate the memory loss of AD patients or model rats. However ,whether and how their preventative and therapeutic effects on AD mediated by GM are worthy of further investigation.

Objective:To observe the changes of glyeemia, urine protein, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen and glycosylated hemoglobin in diabetic nephropathy rats and treating effects of Xiaokekang. Methods: Streptozotocin (STZ) was abdominally administered and was feeded by high lipid diet to establish diabetic nephropathy model in rats. Animals were divided into three groups: model group, Xiaokekang treatment group and normal group. Changes in glycemia, serum lipids, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen were measured at the 8th, 12th and 16th week after STZ injection. Glycosylated hemoglobin was measured at the 16th weeks after STZ injection. Results: Glycemia, serum lipids, serum creatinine were higher at the 8th, 12th and 16th week compared with normal group. Serum creatinine was higher at the 12th and 16th week, and glycosylated hemoglobin was also highter than that of the normal group. Xiaokekang reduced these changes. Conclusion: Xiaokekang can reduce glycemia, serum lipids and protect renal function.

AIM: To investigate the effects of astragalus injection combined with puerarin injection on endo-plasmic reticulum stress through PERK pathway in diabetic nephropathy mice .METHODS: Male KKAy mice were ran-domly divided into model group ( injected with normal saline ) and treatment group ( injected with astragalus and puerarin ) . The male C57BL/6J mice served as normal group .The mice were sacrificed 4 weeks after treatments for observing morpho-logical changes under electron microscope .The renal tissues were collected to determine the expression of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase ( PERK ) , eukaryotic initiation factor 2α( eIF2α) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) at mRNA and protein levels by real-time PCR and Western blot.RESULTS: Under electron microscope, the renal tubular epithelial cells in model group and treatment group showed the swelling of the nucleus , endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria .The results of real-time PCR and Western blot showed that the expression of PERK , eIF2αand GRP78 at mRNA and protein levels in model group was higher than that in normal group (P<0.05), while that in treatment group was lower than that in model group .CONCLUSION: Astragalus injection combined with puerarin injection reduces the mRNA and protein expression of PERK , eIF2αand GRP78, thus inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress in type 2 dia-betic mice to protect the kidney function .

Objective To study the safe dose of Ginseng (Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng) through analysis of literature from Tang dynasty (618 AD) to Republic period(1949 AD).Methods The selection strategy for literature and prescriptions was made to acquire the formulae in need.The authoritative prescription-books from Tang Dynasty to Republic period,or representative books of the renowned doctors who was good at using Ginseng in that period were chosen.From the books above mentioned,prescriptions with Ginseng to tranquilize mind were included,in which insomnia and/or dreaminess were recorded as symptoms or clinical applications.Prescriptions without definite dose or only with dose for children were excluded.All herbal names were standardized according to current TCM terms.Then the maximum,minimum,frequency and 80％ confidence interval of dose were studied.The dose range of Ginseng in deferent dosage form was discussed according to above data.Results Fourteen classical TCM books were included,from which 85 formulae were studied.In the form of root slices decoction,the applied daily dose of Ginseng ranged from 3.73 g to 18.65 g,while in the formulae with symptom of dreaminess,the dose ranged from 7.46 g to 11.19g.In the form of root powder decoction,the single dose range was 0.07 g to 5.16 g,while in the formulae with symptom of dreaminess,the dose range was 1.03 g to 4.45 g.In the form of pill or powder,the single dose range was 0.68 g to 6.54 g,and 12％ to 30％ in total dose of the prescription.Conclusion For the root slices decoction,the favorable dose range of Ginseng is between 7 g and 11 g,but not more than 18.00 g per day.For the root power decoction,the favorable dose range is from 1 g to 4.00 g,and the maximum single dose is 5.00 g.For pill or powder form,the maximum dose is 6.00 g,taking 12％ to 30％ in total prescription.

To understand the current British people's attitudes towards TCM and its influencing factors through a questionnaire survey; To provide data reference for the subsequent international dissemination of TCM. A sample of 200 British people (from Norwich and London) were selected randomly from June 5, 2021 to November 1, 2021 by snowball sampling method, and a questionnaire investigation was launched based on the design of demographic characteristics and Identity Scale of Chinese Medicine (CMIS) and etc. The average sores of CMIS were (71.53±0.76) points. 89.2% of British population showed no difference on attitudes towards TCM, and 10.8% of it showed more confidence in TCM. The single factor analysis showed that the age and education level mainly determine whether they accept TCM. The current attitudes towards TCM among British population are positive and optimistic. In the future, while maintaining the existing treatment advantages of TCM in the UK, it is necessary to conduct targeted promotions based on research of diseases for which TCM treatment has strengths in different age groups of local residents. Establishment of brands with TCM features is also a good way to increase the popularity of TCM. And multiple methods like new media, especially the coverage of local mainstream media, should be emphasized and used for the promotion of TCM and improvement of cognition level among British people.