Objective To investigate the biological effect of GM-CSF on splenic dentritic cells (DCs)when used to treat severe sepsis and the influence on the prognosis.Methods All 160 male Kunming mice were randomly(random number)divided into four groups:control group(n =50),the mice didnt receive special treatment; CLP group(n =42),the mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture;conventional treatment group(n =34),the mice received intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg ceftriaxone at 12,24,36,48,60,72 and 84 h after surgery; GM-CSF treatment group(n =34),the mice received hypodermic injection of 20 μg/kg GM-CSF besides ceftriaxone at 12,36,60,and 84 h after surgery.The mice were sacrificed at 0,12,24,48 and 72 h after CLP by cervical dislocation.The amount of splenic DCs and apoptosis rate were measured by flow cytometry,and the serum concentrations of IL-12 were detected by ELISA in each group.Meanwhile the survival prognosis was observed at 96 h.Results At every time point,the apoptosis of splenic DCs increased and the amount markedly reduced in severe sepsis(P ＜0.05),the serum concentration of IL-12 increased on an one-way curve type(P ＜0.05).The treatment of cephalosporin exacerbated the loss of DCs(P ＜ 0.05),while hadnt any effect on IL-12(P ＞ 0.05).GMCSF treatment increased the amount of DCs(P ＜ 0.05),and decreased IL-12 concentrations(P ＜ 0.05).The OR of GM-CSF was 0.079 computed by Logist regression analysis.Conclusions GM-CSF treatment severe sepsis can increase the amount of splenic DCs,decrease serum levels of IL-12,and improve prognosis.

Objective To explore the effects of passive smoking on pregnant rats and embryo development.Methods The pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to passive smoking4times per day,10min per time,continuously for20days,and the body weights were measured at the1st day,10th day and20th day.At the at20th day,the concentrations of NO in serum of pregnant rats were determined,simultansly the fetal death,embrgonic absorption were observed,the body weights,body length,tail length,brain weight and live weight of fetuses fetal growth retardation(IUGR)were observed.Results Significantly higher frequencies of fetal death,embryonic absorption,IUGR and significantly lower concentration s of NO in serum of pregnant rats were found in experiment group exposed to passive smoking.Significantly lower levels of body weight,body length,tail length,brain weight of fetuses were found in experiment group exposed to passive smoking compared with those of controls(P

AIM: To investigate the role of cellular paracrine in the mechanism of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by stretch. METHODS: [ 3H]-leu incorporation into cultured cardiomyocytes was measured when stimulated by conditioned-media of myocardial fibroblast and microvascular endothelial cell after stretch. RESULTS: [ 3H]-leu incorporation rate were both elevated significantly stimulated by conditioned-media of myocardial fibroblast and microvascular endothelial cell. And angiotensin II and endothelin of conditioned-media of myocardial fibroblast and microvascular endothelial cell were also elevated significantly. And [ 3H]-leu incorporation rate were inhibited significantly when the specific angiotensin II and endothelin receptor antagonist losartan(1 ?mol/L) and BQ123(1 ?mol/L) were added. [ 3H]-leu incorporation rate were inhibited over 80% when losartan(1 ?mol/L) and BQ123(1 ?mol/L) were added together. CONCLUSION: The activation of myocardial fibroblast and microvascular endothelial cell endocrine stimulated by stretch play a role through paracrine in the pathogenesis of pressure-overload heart hypertrophy.

Objective To compare the ExacTrac X-ray and CBCT image guide system for the head and neck cancer patients in radiotherapy. Methods Twenty head and neck cancer patients were randomly chosen and divided two Group. In group A ( 10 patients) ,the cross X-ray radiation photos were matched with the DRR after positioning with the infrared markers. Obtain the setup errors on three directions and rotation errors. Then adjustment of error with 6D treatment bed,record time set-up and registration. In group B ( 10 patients) ,the CBCTimages were matched with reference CT data after manual positioning. Obtain the setup errors on three directions and around the vertical axis direction errors. Then adjustment of error,record the time of set-up and registration. Groups were compared using the paired t-test. Results For group A and B group,the translation errors were (0.59±0. 25) mm,(0.62±0. 25) mm,(1.56±0. 28) mm,and (0.52± 0. 31) mm,(0.74±0. 17) mm,(1.58±0. 34) mm on horizontal,vertical,up-down directions,respectively (P=0.43,0.21,0.90).For group A,the rotation errors were (0.54±0.17)°,(0.72±0.27)°,(0.44± 0. 22)°,respectively;with (1.26±0. 33)°on vertical directions on B group (P=0. 01).The time of set-up registration on group A was significantly less than group B ( 108. 0 s vs . 165. 8 s , P= 0. 00 ) . Conclusions For the head and neck cancer patients in raditherapy,the image guide systems is feasible. The rotation errors of ExacTrac X-ray slightly less than CBCT.The time of set-up and registration of ExacTrac X-ray significantly less than CBCT,but the image resolution of ExacTrac X-ray inferior for CBCT.

Objective To observe the effects and feasibility of using walking and breathing exercises to help patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the community.Methods A hundred and one communitydwelling patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomized into an experimental group (51 cases) and a control group (50 cases).The control group was given conventional pharmacotherapy,while the experimental group was given quantified walking (i.e.walking for a pre-set number of steps daily) and breathing exercises (15 minutes,3 sessions daily) to do at home for 48 weeks in addition to the conventional pharmacotherapy,.Both groups were evaluated before and after the 48 weeks of treatment using the 6-minute walk test (6MWT),a clinical COPD questionnaire,Medical Research Council (MRC) dyspnea scoring,a general anxiety/depression questionnaire and a pulmonary function test.In addition,days of hospitalization and incidence of acute exacerbation were also recorded and compared between the 2 groups.Results Among the 101 cases,92 (91.1％) completed the study (45 in the experimental group,47 in the control group,a difference which was not statistically significant).After treatment,the average 6MWT distance in the experimental group was significantly increased and significantly greater than that in the control group.No statistically significant intra-group or inter-group differences were observed with regard to the pulmonary function test or the MRC dyspnea scores.Intra-group comparison and inter-group comparison of the clinical COPD questionnaire scores and anxiety/depression scores did,however,reveal statistically significant differences.There was no significant difference in the average number of acute attacks or in the length of hospital stays.Conclusions Quantified walking and breathing exercises are effective and feasible therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the community.

Objective To study the biological behaviors and effects of immunoglobulin-like transcript-4 (ILT4) expression in mononuclear cells on the prognosis of sepsis.Methods ILT4 +/+ (WT) and ILT4-knockout mice (ILT4-/-) male BALB/c mice were used for sepsis modeling using cecal ligation puncture (CLP).Flow cytometry was used to measure the levels of expression of ILT4 and major histocompatihility complex class Ⅱ molecules (MHC-Ⅱ) in mononuclear cells of peripheral blood 24 h after CLP.ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in different groups of mice at 0 h,6 h,12 h,and 24 h after CLP to monitor the survival and prognosis over the course of 168 h.Results ILT4 was highly expressed in mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood of septic mice 24 h after CLP in comparison with that before CLP (1292.00 ± 143.70) vs.(193.50 ± 52.54),P ＜ 0.05.MHC-Ⅱ expression in mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood in ILT4-/-mice was significantly higher than that in WT mice (49.38 ± 5.66)％ vs.(24.25 ± 6.76) ％,P ＜ 0.05).Serum IL-6 was significantly elevated 24 h after CLP compared with that before CLP (470.75 ± 88.03) vs.(54.25 ± 20.04),P ＜ 0.05.The serum IL-6 concentration was much lower in ILT4-/-mice thanthatin MT mice (241.25 ± 45.10)vs.(470.75 ± 88.03),P ＜ 0.05;whereas,there was no significant difference in TNF-α expression between two groups of mice (50.88 ± 6.38) vs.(53.13 ± 5.49),P ＞ 0.05.The survival rate of ILT4-/-mice was significantly higher after CLP compared with WT mice (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The high level of ILT4 expression in mononuclear cells were observed in peripheral blood during sepsis and it was found to be associated with high serum IL-6 levels and low MHC-Ⅱ expression in mononuclear cells,leading to increased mortality.

Objective The aim of this experiment was to explore the effect and mechanism of intestinal microbiota on shaping the growth performance by fecal microbiota transplantation from pigs to pseudo-germ-free mice. Methods Thirty-six barrows with a similar initial body weight of 30 kg were raised for 42 days(ad libitum)within individual metabolic cages. Feed intake and body weight of each pig were recorded every week to calculate the feed conversion rate and average daily gain. At the end of the experiment,feed conversion ratio and average daily gain were integrated to divide the pigs into 3 groups, namely, high growth performance(HP), moderate growth performance(MP)and low growth performance(LP)groups. Feces were collected to calculate the total intestinal nutrient digestibility and prepare for fecal microbiota transplantation to pseudo-germ-free mice, which were induced with several antibiotics for four weeks. Fecal microbiome structure was assayed by profiling V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Results Fecal microbiota transplantation from pigs to pseudo-germ-free mice resulted in reappearance of the original phenotype. Compared with the LP pigs, the microbial species richness and microbial diversity in feces were higher in the HP pigs. The HP pigs had improved digestibility of gross energy(P =0.01)and higher abundance of Methanobrevibacter. Enterococcus and Akkermansia were also more abundant in the recipient pseudo-germ-free mice from the HP pigs which may be correlated with a high energy utilization. Conclusions Fecal microbiota transplantation from pigs to mice results in reappearance of the original phenotype and microbial species richness,microbial diversity,and their growth ability. Different nutritional metabolism is shown among pigs with different feed efficiency and the HP pigs have improved energy utilization(P=0.01). At the same time, the bacteria correlated with high energy utilization are more abundant in feces of HP pigs than in LP pigs.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of action of Xiaochaihu decoction in the treatment of hepatitis B based on network pharmacology. Methods The TCMSP database was used to obtain the main chemical components and action targets of the seven traditional Chinese medicines in Xiaochaihu decoction; the GeneCards and OMIM databases were used to obtain the targets associated with hepatitis B; the STRING online platform was used to construct a PPI network of potential targets, and R language was used to perform gene ontology (GO) functional enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis; Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct an "active component-core target" network and perform a topology analysis of this network; AutoDock vina and related software were used to perform molecular docking and visualized analysis of the active components with high value and the core targets in the network. Results A total of 193 main chemical components (including quercetin, kaempferol, wogonin, and naringenin) and 247 related targets were screened out, among which the key targets included RELA, MAPK1, TP53, ESR1, EGFR, and AKT1. A total of 2612 enrichment items were obtained by GO functional enrichment analysis, which were mainly involved in regulating the biological processes such as cell response to chemical stress, response to drugs, oxidative stress response, and lipopolysaccharide response. A total of 174 pathways were obtained by the KEGG pathway analysis, mainly involving hepatitis B, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the main active components had strong binding force to core targets, and the protein crystal complex had a stable conformation. Conclusion This study preliminarily shows that Xiaochaihu decoction exerts a therapeutic effect on hepatitis B through multiple components, targets, and pathways.

ObjectiveBased on the concept of quality by design（QbD）， the processing process of calcined Pyritum was optimized， and its X-ray diffraction（XRD） fingerprint was established. MethodsThe safety， effectiveness and quality controllability of calcined Pyritum were taken as the quality profile（QTPP）， the color， hardness， metallic luster， phase composition， the contents of heavy metals and hazardous elements were taken as the critical quality attributes（CQAs）， and the calcination temperature， calcination time， paving thickness and particle size were determined as the critical process parameters（CPPs）. Differential thermal analysis， X-ray diffraction（XRD） and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） were used to analyze the correlation between the calcination temperature and CQAs of calcined Pyritum. Then， based on the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation（CRITIC）-entropy weight method， the optimal processing process of calcined Pyritum was optimized by orthogonal test. Powder XRD was used to analyze the phase of calcined Pyritum samples processed according to the best process， and the mean and median maps of calcined Pyritum were established by the superposition of geometric topological figures， and similarity evaluation and cluster analysis were carried out. ResultsThe results of single factor experiments showed that the physical phase of Pyritum changed from FeS₂ to Fe₇S₈ during the process of temperature increase， the color gradually deepened from dark yellow， and the contents of heavy metals and harmful elements decreased. The optimized processing process of calcined Pyritum was as follows：calcination temperature at 750 ℃， calcination time of 2.5 h， paving thickness of 3 cm， particle size of 0.8-1.2 cm， vinegar quenching 1 time［Pyritum-vinegar（10∶3）］. After calcination， the internal structure of Pyritum was honeycomb-shaped， which was conducive to the dissolution of active ingredients. XRD fingerprints of 13 batches of calcined Pyritum characterized by 10 common peaks were established. The similarities of the relative peak intensities of the XRD fingerprints of the analyzed samples were>0.96， and it could effectively distinguish the raw products and unqualified products. ConclusionTemperature is the main factor affecting the quality of calcined Pyritum. After processing， the dissolution of the effective components in Pyritum increases， and the contents of heavy metals and harmful substances decrease， reflecting the function of processing to increase efficiency and reduce toxicity. The optimized processing process is stable and feasible， and the established XRD fingerprint can be used as one of the quality control standards of calcined Pyritum.

ObjectiveBased on the concept of quality by design（QbD）， the processing process of calcined Pyritum was optimized， and its X-ray diffraction（XRD） fingerprint was established. MethodsThe safety， effectiveness and quality controllability of calcined Pyritum were taken as the quality profile（QTPP）， the color， hardness， metallic luster， phase composition， the contents of heavy metals and hazardous elements were taken as the critical quality attributes（CQAs）， and the calcination temperature， calcination time， paving thickness and particle size were determined as the critical process parameters（CPPs）. Differential thermal analysis， X-ray diffraction（XRD） and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） were used to analyze the correlation between the calcination temperature and CQAs of calcined Pyritum. Then， based on the criteria importance through intercriteria correlation（CRITIC）-entropy weight method， the optimal processing process of calcined Pyritum was optimized by orthogonal test. Powder XRD was used to analyze the phase of calcined Pyritum samples processed according to the best process， and the mean and median maps of calcined Pyritum were established by the superposition of geometric topological figures， and similarity evaluation and cluster analysis were carried out. ResultsThe results of single factor experiments showed that the physical phase of Pyritum changed from FeS₂ to Fe₇S₈ during the process of temperature increase， the color gradually deepened from dark yellow， and the contents of heavy metals and harmful elements decreased. The optimized processing process of calcined Pyritum was as follows：calcination temperature at 750 ℃， calcination time of 2.5 h， paving thickness of 3 cm， particle size of 0.8-1.2 cm， vinegar quenching 1 time［Pyritum-vinegar（10∶3）］. After calcination， the internal structure of Pyritum was honeycomb-shaped， which was conducive to the dissolution of active ingredients. XRD fingerprints of 13 batches of calcined Pyritum characterized by 10 common peaks were established. The similarities of the relative peak intensities of the XRD fingerprints of the analyzed samples were>0.96， and it could effectively distinguish the raw products and unqualified products. ConclusionTemperature is the main factor affecting the quality of calcined Pyritum. After processing， the dissolution of the effective components in Pyritum increases， and the contents of heavy metals and harmful substances decrease， reflecting the function of processing to increase efficiency and reduce toxicity. The optimized processing process is stable and feasible， and the established XRD fingerprint can be used as one of the quality control standards of calcined Pyritum.