Histone modification participates in the occurrence and development of the diseases though affecting gene transcrip-tion activity by acetylation,methylation,phosphorylation,and other forms.It is an important field in the study of epigenetics. Numerous studies have demonstrated that histone modification plays an important role in the occurrence and development of liv-er diseases.This paper reviews the recent progress in under-standing the role and mechanisms of histone modification in alco-holic liver disease,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease,viral hepati-tis,liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma,with an aim to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of liver diseases and drug development.

Current undergraduate education in traditional Chinese Medicine combines classroom teaching with a small number of practical courses, which has showed its limitations of increasingly bad medical environment and employment situation. Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine explored new ways and means of medical education in recent years. Therefore, reforming based on the integration of clinical teaching pattern for TCM Bachelor has been carried out step by step. It meant that classroom teaching and clinical practice were fully integrated by moving classroom in the affiliated hospitals. It has been proved to work. With the experiences of the development, we have successfully explored a mature mean for the integration clinical teaching pattern. Here, we discussed the codes of such practice in order to strive to maximize the effectiveness of such practice.

Aim To explore the inhibitory effect of li-gustrazine combined with paeonol on rat liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 and its mechanisms,so as to provide new treatment strategies for liver fibrosis in clinical. Methods Cleaning laboratory male SD rats were ran-domly divided into blank control group,model group (CCl4 ),ligustrazine group,paeonol group and combi-nation group (ligustrazine+paeonol).HE staining was used to observe the pathological change.Masson stai-ning and Sirius red staining was used to observe the collagen deposition.The levels of serum ALT,AST, ALP and hydroxyproline were detected by automatic bi-ochemistry analyzer.Western blot detected the markers of liver fibrosis.HSC-T6 cell was divided into model group,ligustrazine group,paeonol group and combina-tion group.The protein and gene expression of inflam-mation and apoptosis pathway was analyzed by Western blot and real time-PCR.Results Ligustrazine com-bined with paeonol could significantly improve liver tis-sue pathology changes caused by CCl4 .It could reduce serum ALT, AST, ALP and hydroxyproline levels. Moreover,it could also inhibit liver fibrosis marker protein expression,and thus reduce the deposition of collagen fibers.The effect was better than that in sin-gle intervention group.Combination group could inhib-it the inflammatory pathways related protein expression in HSC cells and promote the apoptosis of HSC cells. Conclusion Ligustrazine in combination with paeonol has significant anti-fibrosis effect,and the effect is bet-ter than both single intervention.The effect may be due to the interference with TNF-α/NF-κB pathway in the HSC cells,which promotes its apoptosis and inhib-its the generation of extracellular matrix.

OBJECTIVE ToobservetheprotectiveeffectandmechanismofCompoundGinkgo biloba(CGB)againstalcohol-inducedliverinjury.METHODS MiceweregivenCGB0.125,0.25and 0.75 g·kg -1 ,Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE)0.1 25 g·kg -1 and bifendate(Bif)0.1 5 g·kg -1 for 8 weeks, respectively.At the end of 4th week the mice were given wine by gavage (56% V/V,0.01 L·kg -1 ), and (56% V/V,0.016 L·kg -1 )at the end of the 8th week.The serum was obtained to measure alanine transaminase (GPT),aspartate aminotransaminase (GOT),mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mGOT)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α).Liver histopathology was revealed by HE staining.The protein expression of cytochrome P450 (CYP)2E1 ,NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)and TNF-αin the liverwasanalyzedbyWesternblotting.RESULTS Comparedwithnormalcontrolgroup,theactivitiesof GOT and mGOT were increased in model group (P<0.01 ).Compared with model group,CGB 0.25 and 0.75 g·kg -1 groups and Bif 0.1 5 g·kg -1 group significantly decreased the activity of GOT and mGOT in serum (P<0.05,P<0.01 ),while there was no significant difference between these groups in serum GPT activity (P>0.05).Fatty degeneration and neutrophil infiltration were significantly ameliora-ted in CGB 0.25 and 0.75 g·kg -1 groups.Preliminary mechanism research showed CGB not only increased the protein expression of Nrf2 with a positive dose-effect relationship (r=0.942,P<0.01 ), but reduced the protein expression of hepatic CYP2 E1 and the level of TNF-αin hepatic tissue with a negative dose-effect relationship (r=-0.987,P<0.05;r=-0.940,P<0.05).In addition.The level ofTNF-αwasalsosignificantlydecreasedintheserum(P<0.05,P<0.01).CONCLUSION CGB may protect the liver fro m acute alcoholic injury and the mechanis m may be that it increases the protein expression of Nrf2,restrains the protein expression of hepatic CYP2E1 and TNF-αand reduces the TNF-αlevel in the serum.

Under the background of dual-track training mode, the current clinical program of professional master's graduate education lacks complete and unified content and requirements. We set out a unified teaching scheme of subspecialty, in the main subject acupuncture. We identified the teaching management and innovated the teaching and examination methods in the scheme. Our research gradually formed a multidisciplinary talents training system, as the foundation of developing the standardization training. This method could help to cultivate qualified graduates as the high quality talents for the national medicine development.

A total of 60 non-acupuncture master postgraduates were divided into control class and experimental class randomly, 30 postgraduates in each class. The control class was taught by traditional teaching methods and experimental class was taught by new teaching methods. The test was conducted after one month later. All the scores were analyzed by SPSS17.0. The result showed that the oretical score ,the practical score and disease recognition rates in the experimental class were significantly higher than those in the control class (P<0.05). The questionnaires showed experimental class had obvious advantage than control class (P<0.05). The new teaching methods of acupuncture has obvious advantage than traditional teaching methods and can provide a new way for teaching acupuncture during resident standardization training.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Qiaoqi Formula （翘芪组方） for mild influenza. MethodsA randomized controlled study was designed， recruiting 74 patients with mild influenza， who were randomly divided into trial group and control group. The trial group took Qiaoqi Formula orally， 40ml each time， twice a day； the control group took Lianhua Qingwen Capsules （连花清瘟胶囊） orally， 1.4 g each time， three times a day. Both groups were treated for 3 consecutive days and follow-up for 4 consecutive days after treatment. The time for fever reduction including onset of fever reduction， complete fever reduction time， fever reduction rates at 24， 48 and 72 hours， improvement of influenza symptoms， total traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score， and safety indicators in two groups after treatment were recorded. ResultsSixty-five patients were ultimately included， including 36 in the trial group and 29 in the control group. Onset time of fever reduction in the trial group was （15.49±23.47） h， the complete fever reduction time （21.37±30.06）h， and the 24 h， 48 h， 72 h， fever reduction rate was 77.14%， 88.57%， 91.42% respectively. The above indicators of the control group showed as （17.58±20.38）h， （24.30±21.87）h， 61.29%， 90.32%， 96.77% respectively， with no statistically significant differences （P＞0.05）. On the 7th day after treatment， the total score of TCM syndromes in trial group and control group decreased compared to those before treatment （P＜0.05）. There was no statistically significant difference in the cure rate， significant effective rate， effective rate， and total effective rate of TCM syndromes between groups （P＞0.05）. On the 4th day， the lymphocyte ratio of patients in the control group was higher than before treatment， while alanine aminotransferase （ALT）， aspartate aminotransferase （AST）， urea， and creatinine of both groups before and after treatment were within the normal range. The main adverse reactions in both groups were mild headache and dizziness， and no serious adverse reactions observed. ConclusionThe therapeutic effect of Qiaoqi Formula in treating mild influenza is equivalent to Lianhua Qingwen Capsules， which can shorten the fever reduction time， improve clinical symptoms， and no adverse events observed during the study.