OBJECTIVE: To determine the content of Sildenafil citrate illegally added in kidney-yang reinforcing Chinese medicinal tonics. METHODS: The samples were separated on ODS C18(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with mobile phase consisted of methanol-water-acetic acid glacial-triethylamine(60∶40∶0.8∶0.3) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL?min-1.The UV detective wavelength was 290 nm and the sample size was 10 ?L. RESULTS: At a concentration range of 10～100 ?g?mL-1, Sildenafil citrate showed a good linear relation with peak area score. The mean recovery rate was 100.52%(RSD=1.20%). CONCLU-SION:The method can be used to determine Sildenafil Citrate illegally added in kidney-yang tonics.

The development of female germ cell is the cornerstone for animal reproduction. Mammalian oocyte and early embryo have many distinct phenomena and mechanisms during their growth and development, involving series dynamic changes of protein synthesis/degradation and phosphorylation. Research on the regulatory mechanism of oocyte division, maturation, and developmental principle of pre-implantation embryo is an important topic in the field of animal developmental biology. Proteomics using all of proteins expressed by a cell or tissue as research object, systematically identify, quantify and study the function of all these proteins. With the rapid development of protein separation and identification technology, proteomics provide some new methods and the research contents on fields of oogenesis, differentiation, maturation and quality control, such as protein quantification, modification, location and interaction important information which other omics technology can not provide. These information will contribute to uncover the molecular mechanisms of mammalian oocyte maturation and embryonic development. And it is great significant for improving the culture system of oocyte in vitro maturation, the efficiency of embryo production in vitro, somatic cell clone and transgenic animal production.
Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Humans ; Mammals ; growth & development ; Oocytes ; metabolism ; Oogenesis ; Pregnancy ; Proteomics

Objective:To study the antidepressant effect of Baihe Zhimu decoction (BZD)and its influence in the key factors (CaM,CaMKⅡ,CREB)of CaM signaling pathway in hippocampus of the rats with depression,and to explore the antidepressant effect of BZD. Methods:Fifty rats were divided into control group,model group, fluoxetine group,low and high doses of BDZ groups (n = 10).Expect for control group,all the rats in other groups were made depression models by means of chronic unpredictable mild stress along with isolated raising,for 21 d.Then the rats were fed with NS, fluoxetine (1.8 mg · kg-1 ), and BZD (1.5 and 3.0 g · kg-1 ), respectively;for 28 d.The learning and memory ability,autonomous activities and the fixed time in 5 min of the rats were tested by Morris water amaze,Open-field Test and Forced Swimming Test respectively. The damage and repair status of hippocampal neurons were observed by Nissl staining method;the expression levels of CaM,CaMKⅡ protein,CREB mRNA in hippocampus of the rats were detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR method. Results:Compared with model group,the total time of rats in the platform quadrant of Morris water maze in BZD groups and fluoxetine group,the total distance and the number of crossing platform were increased (P <0.05 or P <0.01),and the time of first crossing platform were shortened (P <0.01);the total scores in open field test were increased (P <0.01),the fixed time with 5 min in the forced swimming test was shortened (P <0.05 or P <0.01).Compared with fluoxetine group,the fixed time within 5 min of the rats in swimming test was shortened (P <0.05).The result of Nissl staining showed that the hippocampal neuron injury in BZD groups and fluoxetine group was improved compared with model group.The molecular test results showed that the CaM and CaMKⅡprotein expression levels in hippocampus of the rats in BZD groups and fluoxetine group were increased compared with model group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Compared with model group,the CREB mRNA expression levels in fluoxetime group and BZD groups were increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).Conclusion:BZD has antidepressant effect and can improve the hippocampal neuron injury of the rats with depression and its mechanism is related to increasing the expression levels of CaM,CaMKⅡ and CREB in hippocampus CAM signaling pathway of the rats.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of sonographic score in the diagnosis of salivary gland involvement in patients with Sj(o)gren's syndrome(SS). Methods One hundred and three cases (44 cases of SS group and 59 cases of control group) were involved in the study. Parotid and submandibular glands of all the cases were examined by a doctor unawaring of the clinical information. All the off-line images were scored by two doctors seperately. The best threshold and the according diagnostic efficiency were determined by statistical analysis. Results The Kappa coefficient between the two doctors was 0.80.The parotid score,submandibular score and total score of SS group were significantly higher than those of the control group (5.79 ± 2.40 vs 0.46 ± 0.97,5.93 ± 1.58 vs 1.32 ± 1.84,11.64 ± 3.27 vs 1.78 ± 2.33,respectively). According to the ROC curve for the parotid score, submandibular score and total score, the area under the curve were 0.98,0.95,0.99, respectively. The best diagnostic threshold for total score was 8 and under this threshold, the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 93%, 97%, 95%, 95%, respectively. Conclusions The sonographic score including both parotid and submandibular glands is a reliable method with high reproductivity and diagnostic accuracy in the diagnosis of SS salivary gland involvement.

Pinch-3 protein is an important constituent of cell membranes, which directly affects the cell morphology and mechanical properties. We observed and compared the change of morphology and cell traction force of glomerular podocytes before and after Pinch-3 gene inhibition by gene interference technology in this experiment. We found that a number of pores appeared on the cell surface, and the cell projected area were increased at the same time, with an approximate average about an increase of 40% after Pinch-3 gene inhibition. The results showed that the cell traction force of glomerular podocytes was significantly reduced, with an approximate average decrease of 40%, the maximum value of the cell traction force was reduced and the distribution of cell traction force became dispersive. All this suggested that after Pinch-3 gene inhibition, some pores created on the cell surface influenced the physical properties of glomerular podocytes and then affected the cell projected area and influenced the formation and distribution of cell traction force of the glomerular podocytes as well.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; physiology ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cell Movement ; Genetic Engineering ; Humans ; Kidney Glomerulus ; cytology ; LIM Domain Proteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Mechanotransduction, Cellular ; physiology ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Podocytes ; cytology ; physiology ; Stress, Mechanical

Objective To evaluate the predictive value of posttreatment whole body scan (RxWBS) for radiation damage to the salivary glands in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC).Methods From April 2015 to June 2015,24 patients (8 males,16 females;age:26-64 years) with DTC,who accepted 131I therapy only one time and underwent Rx-WBS 2-4 d after 131I treatment,were recruited from the First Hospital of China Medical University.All patients had normal salivary glands function on salivary gland scintigraphy (SGS) performed on the day before 131I treatment,and 21 patients underwent SGS again 3 months after 131I treatment.The SGS results and clinical manifestations were used to evaluate the function of salivary glands after 131I therapy.Rx-WBS was analyzed by visual analysis and quantitative analysis (salivary gland to background uptake ratios,SUR).The SUR was compared between patient groups with different function of salivary glands.Mann-Whitney u test was used.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to calculate the sensitivity of SUR for predicting the salivary gland damage.Results The SUR in dysfunctional parotid glands (n =12) was significantly higher than that in other glands with normal function (n=30;3.60(2.55,4.33) vs 2.75(2.33,3.29);z=-2.005,P＜0.05).The SUR was not different between submandibular glands with lower function (n =15) and those with normal function (n=27;z=-0.144,P＞0.05).The SUR of parotid glands (n =32) in patients with parotitis was significantly higher than that in others (n=16;3.16(2.53,4.01) vs 2.49(206,2 81);z=-3.073,P＜0.05).The SUR of submandibular glands (n=28) in patients with sialadenitis was significantly higher than that in others (n=20;4.43(2.67,7.61) vs 2.93(1.92,4.65);z=-2.740,P＜0.05).When 2.97 and 3.66 were selected as cutoff values,the sensitivities of SUR for predicting parotitis and sialadenitis were 59％(19/32) and 64％ (18/ 28),respectively.Conclusion Rx-WBS may play a role in predicting radiation damage to the salivary glands.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of Asari Radix et Rhizoma-Zingiberis Rhizoma herb pair （XGHP） on lung and liver lipid metabolism in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. MethodForty SD male rats were divided into a normal group （10 rats） and a model group （30 rats）. The method of cigarette smoke + tracheal injection of lipopolysaccharide（LPS） + cold stimulation was used to replicate COPD model with the syndrome of cold phlegm obstruction in lung. A COPD group， a XGHP group （5.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and an aminophylline group （0.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1） were established after successfully inducing the model， with 10 rats in each group. After treatment， the serum triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C） levels of rats in each group were measured. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer （GC-MS） was used to detect the differential metabolites in the lung and liver tissues of rats in each group， and the relevant targets of the differential metabolites were predicted by network pharmacology. Molecular docking was used to verify the binding ability of key components in XGHP to the relevant targets in network pharmacology. The mRNA and protein expression levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α （PPARα） and fatty acid binding protein 4 （FABP4） in lung and liver tissues of rats in each group were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） and Western blot. ResultXGHP significantly increased the levels of TG， TC， and LDL-C in serum （P<0.05）， and decreased the level of HDL-C （P<0.05） in rats with COPD. GC-MS results showed that there were 8 lung differential metabolites and 17 liver differential metabolites in the COPD group and XGHP group. Network pharmacology predicted 59 common targets for the two differential metabolites， mainly enriched in the PPAR signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the main components in XGHP were well combined with both PPARα and FABP4. Real-time PCR showed that XGHP effectively up-regulated the expression levels of PPARα and FABP4 mRNA （P<0.05）， and Western blot showed that XGHP effectively up-regulated the expression levels of PPARα and FABP4 proteins （P<0.05） in lung and liver tissues of rats with COPD. ConclusionXGHP effectively improves the blood lipid levels of rats with COPD， which may be related to the increase of the expression levels of PPARα and FABP4 mRNA and proteins in the PPAR signaling pathway， thus regulating lung and liver lipid metabolism.