It is nonlinear relationship between breath sounds and respiratory flow rate, thus breath sounds might be a new solution for respiratory monitoring. The envelope of the breath sounds was created firstly. And the linear relationship between the logarithm of envelope and the respiratory flow rate was proved. Then model parameters were derived from every subject using regression analysis. Finally, using these parameters estimated respiratory flow rate was achieved by the logarithm of envelope with 14.9% error. Therefore, respiratory flow rate estimation and respiration monitoring based on breath sounds are feasible.
Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; Respiratory Sounds

Bilingual teaching was taken into the part of computed tomography(CT)teaching in the medical image equipment for 2003 grade image undergraduates.In order to know the students' demands to the bilingual teaching as well as the students' requests in the bilingual teaching implementation process,the questionnaire was carried on to the students;at the same time the bilingual teaching test result was analyzed so as to evaluate its teaching effect.

Objective To explore the application value of cellular automata(CA)in simulating the epidemic spread of out-break of influenza A(H1N1).Methods The publications regarding influenza A(H1N1)from January 2009 to March 2015 were collected from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),epidemiological data of H1N1 were retrieved ac-cording to inclusion criteria,the Matlab 7.0 software was adopted to construct CA model for simulating and analyzing the epidemic of H1N1 occurred in a university in Chongqing between October 12 and November 20,2009.Results There were a total of 17 820 students in this university,the epidemic of influenza lasted 40 days in 2009;When the parameter,the ef-fective infection rate was 0.04,the model of CA fit well,and gave estimate for basic reproduction number (R0 )1.202. Conclusion CA has certain reliability in simulating epidemics of airborne infectious diseases,it can provide reference for the prevention and control of disease.

Objective To explore the effect of improved local nerve block anesthesia in correction of nasal septum surgery.Methods One hundred and fifty-one cases of patients with simply received correction of nasal septum surgery were divided into two groups,72 cases with normal local nerve block (normal group),receiving sphenopalatine and anterior ethmoidal nerve block anesthesia; 79 cases with the improved local nerve block (improved group),receiving sphenopalatine,anterior ethmoidal and incisive canal nerve block anesthesia.Two groups of anesthesia success and anesthesia effect were compared.Results The anesthesia success rates of improved group and normal group who were performed correction of nasal septum surgery without removal of the nasal bottom ridge were 100.0％(41/41) and 97.3％ (36/37),there was no significant difference (P＞ 0.05).But for 73 cases who were performed correction of nasal septum surgery with removal of the nasal bottom ridge,the anesthesia success rate in improved group was higher than that in normal group [92.1％(35/38) vs.45.7％(16/35)],there was significant difference (x2 =18.623,P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Based on the distribution characteristics of sensory nerves of the nasal cavity,and combined with endoscopic techniques,the conventional sphenopalatine and anterior ethmoidal nerve block anesthesia is suitable for nasal septum surgery without removal of the nasal bottom ridge and the advanced sphenopalatine,anterior ethmoidal and incisive canal nerve block anesthesia is the first choice for nasal septum surgery with removal of the nasal bottom ridge.

siRNA drug research and development is becoming one of the main objectives in the future. However, due to the in-stability of siRNA and the complex environment in vivo, the safe and effective delivery of siRNA is limited in vivo. Thus, special vectors are used to assist siRNA to express biological effects. This paper reviews the advances in non-viral vector for delivery of siRNA in vivo.

Objective To investigate the expressions of CD147 and matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9)in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC)tissue and their clinical significance.Methods The expressions of CD147 and MMP-9 were analyzed semi-quantitatively by immunohistochemical staining in LSCC and control group tissues.Results ① The positive rate of CD147 was 83.3% (30/36)in LSCC,which was higher than that in laryngeal polyp (33.3%,5/15)and in adjacent normal tissue (16.7%,6/36);it was related to histological grade, clinical stage and lymph node metastasis status (P<0 .0 5 ).② The positive rate of MMP-9 was 7 2 .2% (2 6/3 6 )in LSCC,which was higher than that in laryngeal polyp (13.3%,2/15)and in adjacent normal tissue (5.6%,2/36);it was related to histological grade,T stage,clinical stage and lymph node metastasis status (P<0.05).③ There was a positive correlation between the expressions of CD147 and MMP-9 in LSCC tissue (r=0.721,P=0.000). Conclusion The over-expressions of CD147 and MMP-9 in LSCC may contribute to the development and metastasis of LSCC.

Objective To investigate the relationship between coronary artery lesions and multiple risk factors in the patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) and coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods Totally 429 patients were definitely diagnosed with CHD by coronary arteriography and their BMI, BP, FBG, TG, HDL-c as well as age, gender, smoking, TC, LDL-c, UA were recorded. All patients were divided into two groups: CHD with MS, CHD. Results BMI, BP, FBG, TG, HDL-c, TC, LDL-c and UA were significantly higher in CHD with MS group than those in CHD group (P

Objective To determine whether the adjustment of the pusher of GTF was useful to decrease the degree of tilting of the femoral Ginther Tulip filter (GTF) in an in vitro caval model. Methods The caval model was constructed by placement of a 25 mm × 100 mm and two 10 mm ×200 mm Dacron graft inside a transparent bifurcate glass tube. The study consisted of two groups: left straight group (GLS) (n =100) and left curved group (GLC) (n = 100). In the GLC, a 10° to 20° angle was curved on the introducer.The distance (DCH) between the caval right wall and the hook was measured. The degree of tilting (DT) was classified into 5 grades and recorded. Before and after the GTF being released, the angle (ACM1, 2)between the axis of IVC and the metal mount, the distance (DCM1) between the caval right wall and the metal mount, the angle (ACF) between the axis of IVC and the axis of the filter and the diameter of IVC (DIVC) were measured. The data were analyzed with Chi-Square test, t test, rank sum test and Pearson correlation test. Results The degree of GTF tilting in each group revealed a divergent tendency. In group LC, the apex of the filter tended to be grade Ⅲ compared in group LS (x2 value 37. 491 ,P ＜0.01).The differences of most variables between GLS and GLC were considered as statistical significance(16. 60° vs.3.05°, 20.60° vs. 3.50°, -3.90°vs. -0.40°, 2.98 mm vs. 10.40 mm, - 10.95° vs. -0.485°,13. 17 mm vs. 10.06 mm, - 1.70° vs. 0.70°, t or Z values - 12. 187, - 12. 188, -8.545, -51.834,-11. 395,9. 562, -3. 596, P ＜ 0. 01). There exist significant positive correlation between ACM1 and ACF,ACM1 - ACM2 and DCH1 - DCH2 in each group, respectively(r values 0. 978,0. 344,0. 879,0. 627 ,P ＜0. 01),while significant negative associations are detected between DCH1 and ACF in each group , ACP and ACF in group LC(r values -0.974, -0.322, -0.702,P＜0.01). Conclusion The technique of adjusting the orientation of filter pusher had minimized the incidence and extent of GTF filter tilting in vitro.

BACKGROUND:Numerous studies have shown that local lumbar stenosis can cause immunological abnormalities and local chronic inflammation, which is the main cause of pain. At present, studies on inflammatory factors and lumbar spinal stenosis mainly focused on intervertebral discs, facet joint and ligamenta flava. No reports addressed the relationship between inflammatory factor in vein of lumbar spinal canal and lumbar spinal stenosis. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the correlation of serum interleukin-1αand tumor necrosis factor-αlevels with lumbar spinal stenosis. METHODS:A total of 51 patients with lumbar spinal stenosis or lumbar vertebral burst fracture, who underwent posterior lumbar decompression in the Department of Spine Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University in China from September 2011 to December 2013, were enrol ed in this study. Visual analogue scale score of low back pain and Oswestry disability index were evaluated before treatment. Peripheral vein blood and venous blood in the vertebral canal were col ected from patients with lumbar spinal stenosis or lumbar vertebral burst fracture. The concentrations of serum interleukin-1αand tumor necrosis factor-αwere determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The concentration of interleukin-1αin degenerative lumbar stenosis group was significantly higher than that in the lumbar burst fracture group and peripheral veins (P<0.05). The more segments of lumbar spinal stenosis, the higher the venous serum interleukin-1αlevels were in the degenerative lumbar stenosis group, but the statistical difference was not significant. Linear correlation analysis results displayed that interleukin-1αlevels were positively associated with low back pain and disability scores in the degenerative lumbar stenosis group (r2=0.359 3, P<0.05;r2=0.526 4, P<0.05). These results indicated that the lumbar spinal venous inflammatory factors may be one of the reasons of low back pain and dysfunction in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.

Objective To understand the distribution of inhaled allergens throughout Hainan province and explore effective preventive measures against allergen by examining the serum allergen of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), which will provide evidence for specific immunotherapy for treating CRS. Methods Three hundred and eighteen CRS patients underwent Phadiatop blood test by using the UniCAP 100 , a completely automatic autoanalyser. Allergen-specific IgE of 7 common allergens were tested and the concentration of total immunoglobulin E (TIgE) was collected and evaluated. Results The positive rates of the serum TIgE and inhaled allergens were 64.15% and 37.74% respectively. The incidences of the positive serum SIgE is 33.96%. Among the positive cases, 28.30% of the inhaled allergens were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, 27.36% for tropical mites, 21.07% for dermatophagoides farinae, 13.52% for cockroach, 11. 64% for house dust, 7. 86% for cat dander and 0.63% for dog dander. The incidences of positive TIgE and SIgE were not significantly different between patients with nasal polyps and sinusitis only. Conclusions Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, tropical mites and dermatophagoides farinae are the main inhaled allergens for CRS patients in Hainan.