OBJECTIVE:To establish a gas chromatography(GC)method for determination of seven residual solvents in clofarabine.METHODS:The capillary column was AT-1301;the carrier gas was nitrogen gas and the detector was FID.By temperature programming was applied for the column temperature with an initial temperature of 40 ℃,which rose to 80 ℃ with an increase rate of 7 ℃?min-1,then rose to 200 ℃(kept at this temperature for 2 min)with the increase rate of 20 ℃?min-1.The injector temperature was 250 ℃ and the detector temperature was 280 ℃.The sample was injected directly for determination of residual levels of methanol,acetonitrile,dichlormethane,t-butyl alcohol,ethyl acetate,n-heptane and acetic acid in 3 batches of clofarabine.RESULTS:All the organic solvents were effectively separated and they showed good linearity within a concentration range(r=0.999 41～0.999 93)with average recovery rate ranged from 96.5% to 102.4%(RSDs of all were less than 4.0%).7 kinds of organic solvents in 3 batches of samples were all up to the standard specified in Chinese Pharmacopeia.CONCLUSION:The method is sensitive,accurate and reliable,and it is applicable for the determination of the residual solvents in clofarabine.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for development of PIVAS.METHODS:Based on the practical condition of our hospital,the necessity of PIVAS and several key problems in the implementation process were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:It is a natural tendency to establish PIVAS for the development of pharmacy.Several problems such as criteria for PIVAS establishment,charge standard,coverage of drug category and medication chronergy need to be further improved.

AIM: To study the quality standard on catechu and its extract. METHODS: HPLC was used to determine the contents of (+) Catechin and (-) Epicatechin in catechu and its extract; UV spectrophotometry was applied to determine the contents of active tannic acid in catechu and its extract. RESULT: The contents of catechin and epicatechin are 19.4 and 4.36g/100g in catechu, respectively, and catechin and epicatechin are 48.39 and 3.94g/100g in its extract respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is accurate and reproducible, providing the basis for quality control of catechu and its extract.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the promotion of work efficiency of PIVAS.METHODS:The theory of bat-ch processing of PIVAS in our hospital was interpreted and its effect and problems were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Batch processing principal of background decision and foreground adjustment were adopted to allocate workload of different periods scientifically and improve working efficiency.Some problems existed in processing period require improvement of batch processing.

OBJECTIVE:To explore how to strengthen self-protection of chemotherapy drug dispensing staff in PIVAS.METHODS:The protective equipment of PIVAS,caution of drug dispensing and solution for emergency were introduced.The way of strengthening self-protection of staff in PIVAS was explored.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Standardized operation procedures and clean operation environment are of great significance for the enhancement of professional protection of drug dispensing staff.

OBJECTIVE:To promote the safety and effectiveness of clinical medication.METHODS:In drug dispension process,operation procedure was carried out strictly and different dispensing methods were adopted according to the characteristics of drugs.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Dispensing guidelines for common injection,insoluble drug and chemotherapy drugs were summarized and improved to promote quality of intravenous drugs dispension.

Adult stem cells from skeletal muscle cells were induced to differentiate into cardiocytes to see if stem cells from another different but histologically-comparable tissues can differentiate to the target cells. Skeletal muscles-derived stem cells (MDSCs) were isolated from adult skeleton muscle tissues by differential adhesion, and immunocytochemically identified by using Sca-1. In order to induce the proliferation but not differentiation of MDSCs, the cells were cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12 (DMEM/F12) supplemented with 1:50 B27, 20 ng/mL basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), 20 ng/mL epidermal growth factor (EGF) in a suspension for 6 days. Then these stem cells were treated with 5 mumol/L 5-azacytidine for 24 h in an adherence culture. The characteristics of induced cells were examined by immunocytochemistry, quantitative real time RT-PCR and morphological observation of cell phenotype. Our results showed that the appearance of some cells gradually changed from spindle-shape into polygonal or short-column-shape. Some of these post-treated cells could contract spontaneously and rhythmically. The expression of GATA-4 and cTnT was increased 1 and 2 week(s) after the treatment. And about 16.6% of post-treated cells were cTnT-positive. Therefore, we are led to conclude that skeletal muscle-derived stem cells could differentiate into cardiocyte-like cells, which exhibited some characteristics of cardiocytes.

Objective To evaluate the current status of intestinal nematode infection in Shanghai and make recommendations for further control activities Methods Retrospective review of the control program was made based on the change of nematode prevalence in Shanghai area since the 1950s, and challenges under the current situation were analysed. Results The intervention measures included chemotherapy, health education, sanitary disposal of human excreta and safe water supply. With the control strategy, socio\|economical development and the change of farming patterns, the prevalence of intestinal nematode infection in population was reduced by 88\^5%, from 62\^6% in 1955 to 8\^2% in 2000. Among them, ascaris infection decreased by 89\^0%, from 52\^1% to 6\^3%, hookworm infection decreased by 99\^0%, from 12\^9% to 0\^1%, but pinworm infection was still as high as 18\^9% in 1999. Conclusion Prevalence of nematode infection in Shanghai was considerably reduced. To match it with the current socio\|economical development in the Municipality, however, more needs to be done. Sustainable control activities and surveillance are recommended.

OBJECTIVE:To survey the dosage range,clinical effect and safety of hypertonic sodium chloride hydroxylethyl starch 40 injection(HSS40) on anti-hemorrhagic shock METHODS:The changes of blood pressure and laboratory examination indices were detected after HSS40 was infused into the patients who suffered from hemorrhagic shock RESULTS:HSS40 could rapidly raise the blood pressure in a dose below 500ml and the effective rate could reach 100% In part of patients,the levels of serum Cl- and Na+ increased temporarily and restored after 24 hours CONCLUSION:HSS40 was safe and effective in doses of 80ml～500ml The clinical doses of 300ml～500ml are recommended

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of camrelizumab combined with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the treatment of advanced oligometastaticnon-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:Eighty-six patients with advanced oligometastatic NSCLC who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria from March 2020 to August 2021 in the Second People′s Hospital of Yibin were divided into the control group (43 cases) and the treatment group (43 cases) according to the random number table method, the control group was given camrelizumab combined with conventional radiotherapy, and the treatment group was given camrelizumab combined with SBRT. After 8 weeks of treatment, the efficacy of the two groups was evaluated, the occurrence of side effects in the two groups was counted, the serum tumor markers [carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag), cytokeratin 19 fragment anti-21-1 (CYFRA21-1)] levels were detected.Results:The objective effective rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group:: 72.09% (31/43) vs. 51.16%(22/43), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); the incidence of radiation pneumonia in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group: 4.65% (2/43) vs. 18.60% (8/43), the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05), and there was no significant difference in the incidences of other side effects such as cutaneous capillary endothelial proliferation (CCEP), liver damage, hypothyroidism, and radiation esophagitisbetween the treatment group and the control group ( P>0.05); the levels of serum CEA, SCC-Ag, CYFRA21-1after treatmentin the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, treatment group: treatmentgroup: (8.81 ± 4.82) ng/L vs. (81.67 ± 50.88) ng/L, (1.13 ± 0.55) ng/L vs. (1.56 ± 1.03) ng/L and (2.92 ± 0.99) ng/L vs. (4.63 ± 1.39) ng/L, controlgroup: (30.49 ± 19.44) ng/L vs. (89.91 ± 50.10) ng/L, (1.56 ± 1.23) ng/L vs. (1.86 ± 1.33) ng/L and (4.01 ± 2.10) ng/L vs. (5.03 ± 3.44) ng/L. and the levels after treatment in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and there were statistical differences ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Camrelizumab combined with SBRT treatment for patients with advanced oligometastatic NSCLC can effectively reduce the levels of serum CEA, SCC-Ag, CYFRA21-1, and significantly improve the short-term efficacy, with relatively low incidence of toxic side effects.