Objective To study the quantitative changes of gap junction (GJ) in the detrusors of unstable bladder(USB) in rats,and to deduce the functional changes of GJ,which mediates intercellular communication,so as to demonstrate one of the mechanisms of USB. Methods Thirteen Wistar rats, which were identified to have USB by manometry of filling bladder after establishment of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) model, served as study,ie,USB group.Another 10 healthy female Wistar rats served as control group.The content and distribution of connexin (Cx) 43 of the detrusors, which were taken from these rats,were quantitatively analyzed by Western blot and laser confocal microscopy with a double-label immunohistochemical technique. Results Cx43 protein was expressed in both control and USB group, the relative molecular weight was 43000.The mean gray levels of the detrusor protein bands in USB group and control group were 31.066 and 11.701,respectively;the difference of the values between the 2 groups was significant (P

Objective To investigate the complications of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and their countermeasures.Methods The datum of 265 cases who underwent PCNL in our hospital.Among the 265 cases of PCNL,serious complications occurred in 13 cases.Of the 13 cases,4 cases had massive hemorrhage,2 case had colon perforation,1 case had serious urinary extravasation,6 cases had febricity.Results The incidence of serious complications was 4.91％(13/265),all patients were cured by corresponding treatment and no death in the cases.Conclusions Adequate preoperative preparation in PCNL and strict surgical indications were good for complications reduction.Serious complications should be detected early and treated correspondingly.

BACKGROUND: The formation of long-term memory includes acquisition, consolidation and reconsolidation. Reconsolidation is very important for the new memory transforming into stable memory. Stress is an important environmental factor in the process of learning and memory. Corticosterone is very important for stress response. At present, research about the impact of corticosterone on reconsolidation of novel object recognition memory is less. Thus, it is very important to test the impact of corticosterone on reconsolidation of novel object recognition memory in rats.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of corticosterone on the reconsolidation of novel object recognition memory in rats.
METHODS: (1) The rats were intraperitoneal y injected with corticosterone (0.1, 1 and 3 mg/kg) immediately after reactivation. The discrimination index was used to assess memory performance and calculated as the difference in time exploring the novel and familiar objects. (2) The rats were intraperitoneal y injected with corticosterone (3 mg/kg) 6 hours after reactivation. The discrimination index was used to assess memory performance and calculated as the difference in time exploring the novel and familiar objects. (3) The rats were intraperitoneal y injected with corticosterone 3 mg/kg without reactivation. The discrimination index was used to assess memory performance and calculated as the difference in time exploring the novel and familiar objects.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immediate injection of corticosterone 3 mg/kg after reactivation significantly decreased the discrimination index. At 6 hours after reactivation or without reactivation, corticosterone administration did not impact the discrimination index. These results confirmed that corticosterone administration immediately after reactivation impairs the reconsolidation of novel object recognition memory. The damage effect depends on the reactivation experience and the specific time window after reactivation.

Objective To establish mathematical model for the differential diagnosis of endoscopic gastric ulcerative lesions with the help of image processing software and statistical analysis method. Methods The microscopic images of 25 gastric ulcers and 25 gastric peptic cancers were collected from January 2013 to December 2013.Then the Photoshop CS4 software was used for image processing and representative measurements gathering(area,perimeter,roundness,height,width,gray scale,involving the density,color,lightness,pixels).Then the principal component analysis,the scatter plot and cluster analysis were performed by SPSS 16.0.Results According to the results of principal component analysis, Z1 showed a strong positive correlation with area,perimeter,height,width,cumulative density,pixel,which represented the shape statistics of ulcer.And Z2 showed a strong positive correlation with gray scale,color, lightness,which represented the color statistics of ulcer.On the Scatter plot,gastric peptic cancer images showed a stronger positive correlation with the principal component Z1 and Z2 .Clustering analysis results showed that for the majority of patients,there was a pattern in its incidence.In the gastric ulcer diagnostic models,the effective information should include area≤10 000;perimeter≤250;height≤90;width≤60;gray scale≥90;cumulative density≤190 000;color≥110;and lightness≥110(unit:pixel).In the gastric ulcera-tive cancers,the effective information should include area≥38 000,perimeter≥690,height≥300,width ≥ 426,gray scale ≤ 100,cumulative density ≥ 14 000 000,color ≤ 125,and lightness ≤ 130 (unit:pixel). Conclusion Among the endoscopic image data,area,perimeter,roundness,height,width,gray scale, cumulative density,color,brightness,pixels are important indices,which can contribute to the differential diagnosis of gastric ulcerative lesions.The established mathematical model based on the ten indices can be applied to predict and diagnose gastric ulcerative lesions.

Objective To observe hibernation phenomena of Oncomelanai hupensis and explore the way of inducing the hibernation in laboratory. \ Methods\ Snails, O\^hupensis hupensis, were collected from marshland of Jiangsu. The snail hibernation was induced by the way of cultivation at a mimic natural environment in the laboratory with gradually changing temperature. The amount of oxygen consumed by snails was tested by iodine titration, and their hibernation was tested by pin puncture followed by warm water. \ Results \ There was no significant difference on the rate of snail \{hibernation\} when the temperature was reduced by 1 ℃ per 24 hrs and by 1 ℃ per 48 hrs. The hibernation rate \{increased\} with the decreasing temperature. There was a significant regression relationship between hibernation rate and temperature with R\+2=0\^967 (F=207\^72, P

Objective To understand the distribution of the river beach wetlands and Oncomelania snails in the lower reach-es of the Yangtze River,and explore the countermeasures of snail control. Methods The river beach wetlands outside the Yang-tze River levee were investigated and classified according to the hierarchical and classification system of wetlands of China. The snail survey was carried out in the beach wetlands of Runzhou section of lower reaches of the Yangtze River from 2004 to 2013. The change trend of snail areas and the densities was analyzed in the wetlands. Results The river beach of Runzhou section of lower reaches of the Yangtze River belongs to the riverine wetland. There was Oncomelania snail breeding except the permanent wa-ter area. At present,there were natural wetlands of 1 303.0 hm2,human-made wetlands of 1 479.0 hm2 and wetland function chang-es of 1 059.0 hm2 in the river beach of Runzhou section. There was the snail area of 181.4 hm2 in the natural wetland in 2013. The area of snail control by the molluscicide and environmental modification was 4 624.55 hm2 from 2004 to 2013. The decline rates of snail areas and densities were 66.53%and 77.66%respectively. The existing Oncomelania snails were distributed in the natural wetlands. Conclusion The human-made wetland is helpful to snail control. The snail control in the river beach wetlands should attach a great importance to the protection of wetland ecology.

0.05). There were significant differences among 3- or 6- or 9- or 12-hour groups and 24- or 36-hour groups in 6, 13 ℃ and 28 ℃ respectively (P

Objective To explore the rela ti onship between the environmental temperature and the oxygen demand of [WT5” BX]Oncomelania snails, and the relationship between the hiber nation or aestivation and the oxygen demand of snails.Me thods The oxygen demand of Oncomelaniasnails between 0 ℃ and 40 ℃ was determined by increasing the temperature gradually in lab, the relationship between the environmental tempera ture and the oxygen demand, and the correlative relationship between the oxygen demand and the percentage of snails in hibernation or aestivation were analysed. Results The oxygen demand increased as the tem perature rose between 1 ℃ and 36 ℃, and the regression equation between the oxygen demand and the variation of environmental temperature was [WT5”BX ]=6.6?10 -5-3?10 -6x+4.4?10 -6x2-8?10 -8x 3(R2=0.998,F=2775,P

Objective To explore the method for detecting the connexin 43(Cx43) in detrusor of bladder in rats with detrusor instability.Methods The model of rats with detrusor instability was established.Ten rats in unstable bladder group were determined by filling cystonetry method controlled by 10 normal rats.The fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) was used to label the Cx43 and the tritin conjugated rhodamine was used to label the cell membrane of detrusor muscle.The Cx43 and the cell membrane of detrusor muscle were detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM),and the images were analyzed by the image analysis program.Results The distinct images of Cx43 and cell membrane of detrusor muscle could be obtained by the LSCM.The expression of Cx43 and pixel density were increased significantly in rats of unstable bladder group than those of the control group(all P

Objective To study the drifting law of floats and potential risks of Oncomelania hupensis diffusion in the water diversion rivers of the east route of South?to?North Water Diversion Project. Methods The O. hupensis snails in the river chan?nels were monitored by the salvage method and snail luring method with rice straw curtains,and the diffusion possibility of snails along with water was assessed through the drift test of floats with GPS. Results In the flood seasons from 2006 to 2013, totally 8 338.0 kg of floats were salvaged,and 2 100 rice straw curtains were put into water in the Li Canal and Jinbao shipping channel,but no Oncomelania snails were found. The drift test of floats with GPS before water diversion showed that the flow ve?locity on water surface(northbound)was 0.45 m/s,the average drift velocity of the floats was 0.56-0.60 m/s,and the average drift distances each time were 999.70- 1 995.50 m in the Gaoshui River section,while there were no obvious drift in Jinbao shipping channel section. During the water diversion period,the flow velocity on water surface(northbound)was 0.45 m/s,the average drift velocity of the floats was 0.35-0.41m/s,and the average drift distances each time were 1 248.06-1 289.44 m in the Gaoshui River,while in Jinbao shipping channel section,the flow velocity on water surface was 0.28 m/s,the average drift velocity of the floats was 0.25- 0.27 m/s,and the average drift distances each time were 477.76- 496.38 m. The drift test showed that the floats gradually closed to the river bank as affected by water flow,wind direction and ship waves,when blocked by the reeds,water plants or other obstacles,and they would stopped and could not continue to drift without outside help. Con?clusions There are no Oncomelania snails found in the river channels of the east route of South?to?North Water Diversion Proj?ect. The drifting distance of the floating debris along with the water is restricted by the flow rate and shore environment.