The projections from the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and the nuclei parabrachiales (PB) to the nucleus accumbens (Acc) in the rat have been visulized using anterograde and retrograde HRP tracing techniques. After injecting HRP into the Acc, retrogradely labelled neurons were observed in bilateral PB and NTS with ipsilateral predominance. The labelled neurons were concentrated in the following areas of the PB and NTS: the waist area of the caudal PB, the external subnucleus and other part of the nucleus medialis parabrachialis (PBm), the external, central, and internal subnuclei of the nucleus lateralis parabrachialis (PB1) and the medial subnucleus of the caudal NTS (NTSm). After injecting HRP into the NTSm and commissural nucleus of the NTS, anterogradely labelled terminals were found bilaterally in the PBm and the ventral 3/4 area of the PB1. The densest sites occupied the waist area, the external, central, and internal subnuclei of the PB1. The density of the labelled terminals on the ipsilateral side was little higher than that on the contralateral side. The results indicate that there are two possible pathways from the NTS to the Acc, the one is the direct projection from the medial subnucleus of the caudal NTS to the Ace, the other is an indirect one, i. e. from the medial subnucleus and commissural nucleus of the caudal NTS to the waist area of the caudal PB, the external subnucleus, the dorsal part of the PBm, the external, central, and internal subnuclei of the PB1, where the NTS projection is. presumed to be relayed, and then, project from the PB to the Acc. This connection may be involved in the neural regulation of visceral and locomotor activities.

Objective To analyse the effects of anastomat to the resection surgery in 1800 esophageal and gastric cardiac carcinoma patients. Methods The Esophagus-gaster and Esophagus-intestine were stapled by anastomat in the cervical region in 182 cases、 intrathoracically in 1296 cases and intraperitoneal in 322cases. The occurrence of complications caused by anastomat, including anastomotic fistula,anastomotic stricture,anastomotic bleeding and mechanical failure,were observed. Results Anastomotic fistula occurred in 15 cases ( 15/1800,0.83% ,ten cases took Shanghai-made GF-I anastomat ,five cases took YH-W single disposable single anastomat ), among which 6 cases had the cervical anastomosis; Anastomotic stricture occurred in 41 cases ( 41 /1800,3.11%, fifteen cases took Shanghai-made GF-I anastomat, twenty-six took YH-W single disposable single anastomat) ,but all of them recovered after dilatation; Anastomotic bleeding occurred in 21 cases (21/18001.16%, thirteen cases took Shanghai-made GF-I anastomat, eight took YH-W single disposable single anastomat) ;Anastomat mechanical failure in operation occurred in 14 cases( 14/1800,0. 78% ,ten cases took Shanghai-made GF-I anastomat, four took YH-W single disposable single anastomat). Conclusion Anastomat is an effective method in reducing the postoperational complications of esophageal and gastric cardiac carcinoma resection. Disposable single anastomat has higher clinical value.

Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy ( LTRS ) was used to study the inhibitory effect of indol on staphyloxanthin biosynthesis in Staphylococcus aureus cells and the dynamic changes of this pigment content inside bacterial cells during batch cultivation. The Raman spectra of Staphylococcus aureus cells cultivated for different time and exposed to various doses of indol were acquired. The intensity of 1523 cm-1 band was used for the quantification of staphyloxanthin, in the meantime, the pigment was measured by UV spectrometry. The experimental result showed that an excellent linear relationship existed between the intensities of Raman peak at 1523 cm-1 of bacterial cells and the pigment contents estimated by UV spectrometry, with a correlation coefficient of 0 . 9772 . The spectral data at population level as well as single cell level revealed that indol could inhibit the production of pigment in dose-dependent manner, and the pigment content in bacterial cells incubated with indol decreased by 70%. Under the batch growth condition, the pigment amount in Staphylococcus aureus cells reached the maximum value during the middle exponential growth phase ( 12 h ) and the heterogeneity of pigment content in bacterial cells within certain populations at various time points was relatively small, with RSDs of 39. 2% to 61. 1%. This investigation indicates that LTRS can be served as a reliable method for the analysis of staphyloxanthin content at single cell level.