This study was aimed to explore the stability of atractylon in volatile oil of A tractylodes macrocephala Koidz. under various conditions. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was used to determine the atractylon content and atractylenolide content of volatile oils. And the relative percentages of atractylone and a-tractylenolide were selected as indexes to measure the change of atractylon. The results showed that the atractylon in atractylodes volatile oil was unstable with the rate of atractylon decomp osition up to 12% in natural conditions on the 6th day. The condition was almost not changed at room temperature and avoiding light. Atractylodes volatile oil in tween-80 solution was unstable with the rate of atractylon decomposition up to 30% at room temperature and avoiding light on the 5th day. The condition was almost not changed in the freezing temperature and avoiding light. The atracty-lon in volatile oil in artificial gastric juice and artificial intestinal juice were unstable, which were in conformity with the first order kinetics. It was concluded that the stability of atractylon of volatile oil was different. The atractylon of volatile oil was relatively stable in dilute solution within 48 hours. The atractylon in volatile oil was stable than its pure solution.

Objectives To study the impacts of air temperature and the other weather factors on the daily mortality of the residents in cities for targeting the preventive measures to decrease the excess mortality induced by climate change.Methods The daily mortality and weather surveillance data were provided by Chongqing Center for Disease Control and Prevention and China Meteorological Bureau respectively.The correlation between the weather factors(temperature,humidity,air pressure,rainfall,wind speed) and the daily mortality of residents in a county of Chongqing were analyzed by using the Poisson GAM of time series(increased by 1℃ for air temperate,decreased by 1% for relative humidity and one unit for air pollution index) adjusting for the secular trend,seasonal trend,short-term fluctuation and day of week.Results The excess mortality increased to 12% as the temperature increased 1℃.The excess mortality increased to 4% and 0.6% respectively as the relative humidity decreased 1% and the air pollution index increased one unit.Conclusion High temperature,with humidity and air pollution,will cause increased excess mortality of residents in this county

Objective To compare the intensity of cognitive impairment and the level of pathological lesion in hippocampus induced by ischemia or chronic stress for a more valuable guidance in the treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment(PSCI).Methods Forty male adult SD rats were divided medially into 4 groups:control,stress,ischemia and ischemia plus stress.Animals in 3 treatment groups were subjected respectively to an operation of modified selective middle cerebral artery occlusion or a procedure of continuous 3-week chronic unpredictable mild stress or a combined program of the two treatments.Morris water maze was employed to assess hippocampus-dependent learning and memory function and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining in CA3 area and the mRNA amplification through semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Both chronic stressors and ischemia could significantly decrease the learning and memory function in rats like the escape latency in the performance of the Morris water maze test compared with the controL The stress group was related preferentially to a more severe deterioration in the learning function but not statistically in the memory loss as compared to ischemia group.The cognitive function decreased more markedly in rats when suffered the chronic unpredictable mild stresses plus ischemia,In comparison to control,ischemia significantly increased BDNF+ cells in hippocampal CA3 area (27.0 ±2.5 vs 20.1 ±2.1),while stress markedly reduced the expression of BDNF(15.2 ± 1.8 vs 20.1 ±2.1).Their combined effects still statistically led to a reduction in BDNF expression(8.2 ± 1.5,F =52.87,P ＜0.05).The same tendency was found in BDNF mRNA expression.Conclusions Stress may preferentially and powerfully influence hippocampus-dependent cognitive function compared with ischemia and the combination of focal ischemia and stress leads to the most impairments in cognition and hippocampal BDNF expression.Data suggest that more attention should be given to the strategies to increase the resistance to psychosocial stressors and decrease the depressed symptoms for a full PSCI recovery.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Wuling Capsule, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on hippocampal neurogenesis by examining the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and connexin 43 (Cx43) in rats with depression induced by chronic unpredictable mild stress (CMS), and thereby to explore its antidepressant mechanism. Methods: Forty-five adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group (n=15), untreated group (n=15) and Wuling group (n=15). All rats except those in the control group were subjected to 3-week CMS to induce depression. At the same time Wuling Capsule was daily added to the diet of the rats in the Wuling group at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 21 days. The degree of depression was determined by sucrose preference test. BDNF expression and neurogenesis were tested by using immunohistochemical staining with BDNF and 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) antibodies; and the mRNA and protein expression levels of Cx43 in hippocampus were examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Results: The numbers of BDNF-positive neurons and BrdU-positive particles in dentate gyrus (DG) were significantly decreased in CMS rats as compared with the normal rats, and the same changes were found in Cx43 mRNA and protein expressions. After Wuling Capsule treatment, the depressed behaviors were improved. Moreover, the reduced expression levels of Cx43 mRNA and protein and fewer newborn neurons induced by CMS were recovered to the normal levels. However, BDNF-positive cells remained low in DG. Conclusion: Wuling Capsule can improve the low hippocampal neurogenesis in rats subjected to CMS and the antidepressant effects are related to enhancing the Cx43 expression but not through BDNF mediation.

BACKGROUND:Total hip arthroplasty is an optimal choice for patients with late hip dysplasia. Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip increases the difficulty of the operation, and the surgery is controversial.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical effects of total hip arthroplasty on Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip and the method of reconstruction of acetabulum and the treatment of proximal femur.
METHODS:A total of 12 patients (14 hips) with Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip underwent total hip arthroplasty. Preoperative Harris hip score was averagely (35.0±6.8) points. Al hips were treated with smal acetabular components combined with medial protrusion technique in acetabular reconstruction, as wel as subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy in femur. Joint function of hips was evaluated according to the Harris hip score.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Al patients were fol owed up with an average of 4.6 years (ranged 1 to 7 years). Two cases (two hips) suffered from infraction of greater trochanter of femur during replacement, and it was fixed with wire. There was complete sciatic nerve injury in one case, which partial y restored after conservative treatment for 1 month. No infection, prosthesis loosening, or deep venous thrombosis with obvious clinical manifestations was visible. Bone union was observed at the site undergoing osteotomy at the side of femur. After replacement, final fol ow-up showed that Harris hip score was averagely (84.0±7.0) points. The mean amount of postoperative leg lengthening was 5 cm (range 4-6 cm). Shortened limbs were corrected satisfactorily. These results suggested that total hip arthroplasty using smal acetabular component, medial protrusion, and femoral subtrochanteric shortening osteotomy technique for the Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip can effectively restore hip function and leg length. The long-term curative effects require further investigations.

Objective To investigate the clinical effectiveness of dynamic hip screw (DHS) internal fixation and proximal femoral nail (PFN) internal fixation for intertrochanteric femoral fractures.Methods One hundred and sixty-five patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures were randomly divided into 2 groups,85 patients were in DHS group and 80 patients were in PFN group.The clinical effectiveness,index in operative procedure and complications were compared between two groups.Results The fine rate of DHS group and PFN group was 75.3％(64/85 ) and 83.8％( 67/80 ) (P ＞ 0.05 ).The indexes of function recover time,fracture healing time,amount of bleeding in operation,operation time in PFN group were significant lower than those in DHS group [(54.3 ± 11.7 ) d vs.(92.6 ± 10.5 ) d,(63.8 ± 12.2) d vs.(71.3 ± 10.6) d,(453.3 ± 50.7) ml vs.(627.5 ± 46.8) ml,(77.9 ± 25.2) min vs.( 115.7 ± 32.8) min](P＜0.05 ).The rate of short-term complications was 16.2％ (13/80) in PFN group,and 12.9 ％ ( 11/85 ) in DHS group(P ＞ 0.05 ).The rate of long-term complications was 1.2％( 1/80 ) in PEN group and 4.7％(4/85 ) in plts group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions As the treatment of intertrochanteric femoral fractures,PFN internal fixation has less bleeding and better efficacy,and can improve function recovery.PFN internal fixation is a better method for unstable femoral fracture.

Five fractions were split for the chemical components of Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizome by the combination application of various separation methods and the over 90% similarity of HPLC fringerprints within each fractions indicated the good repeatability for the splitting procedure. Further, a term of nonsimilarity degree ( NSD) was introduced to measure the unoverlapping property of the chemical fractions and different statistic analyses, including principal component analysis, cluster analysis, angle cosin analysis, squared euclidean distance and the NSD of peak areas of crude drug were used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze their unoverlapping property, revealing the NSD among different fractions was calculated above 85%. Among them, the NSD of peak area of crude drug established on the basis of HPLC fingerprints of crude drug is more suitable for the NSD evaluation of chemical splitting fractions of crude drug comparing with other statistical methods and practical for reflecting the real content-activity relationship in the subsequent exploration of effective substances of crude drugs. This research provides a new effective method to evaluate the chemical difference of splitting fractions of Chinese medicine and lay the foundation for exploring the effective and property-flavor substances or of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz.

Objective To investigate the stimulating effect of exogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on angiogenesis in glioblastoma (GBM). Methods Twenty adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups, glioma group (C6 glioma cell intracerebral implantation, n=10) and glioma-H2S group (C6 glioma cell intracerebral implantation and sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) intraperitoneal injection, n=10). The tumor-bearing rat model was established by intracerebral injection of rat C6 glioma cells. After one week, normal saline was injected in glioma group and NaHS was injected in glio-ma-H2S group. Food and water were freely available during all phases of the experiment. After three weeks, rats were decapi-tated and brains were removed. HE staining was performed to show tumor structure and intratumoral angiogenesis. The immu-nohistochemical analysis was used to detect the expressions of CD34 and MMP-2, respectively. The microvessel density (MVD) in GBM was also measured. Results HE staining showed that the implanted tumors were predominantly spheroid with clear border and no capsule could be detected. The neovascular proliferations were observed in tumors. There were high-er expressions of CD34 and MMP-2 in glioma-H2S group. The value of MVD was significantly higher in glioma-H2S group than that of glioma group (P＜0.01). Conclusion Exogenous H2S serves as a stimulator of angiogenesis in the development of rat GBM, which may be related with the increased MMP-2 expression promoted by H2S.

目的探讨急性卒中单元联合康复卒中单元对重症脑卒中的影响。方法卒中单元的急性重症脑卒中患者54例为治疗组,神经科常规病房的急性脑卒中患者52例为对照组。比较两组Fugl-Meyger评分、美国卫生研究院脑卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、日常生活活动能力(ADL)评分以及3周感染率、其他并发症发病率、死亡率。结果两组入院时Fugl-Meyger评分、NISHH评分、ADL评分无显著性意义(P>0.05);第3周Fugl-Meyger评分、NISHH评分、ADL评分无显著性差异(P>0.05);第6周出院时或随访两组Fugl-Meyger评分、NISHH评分、ADL评分有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);三周感染率、其他并发症发病率、死亡率有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论采用急性卒中单元联合康复卒中单元能促进急性重症脑卒中患者运动功能恢复,降低其神经功能缺损程度,提高其日常生活能力。

Objective To analyze the change trends of death situation caused by cerebral apoplexy and myocardial infarction in Chongqing from 2006 to 2010 .Methods All death cases of cerebral apoplexy and myocardial infarction from the five years of 2006 to 2010 were extracted from the direct network report system covering the whole crowd death causes in Chongqing and performed the statistical analysis .Results The constituent ratio of cerebral apoplexy death was increased from 13 .94% to 16 .71% in these five years ,while which of myocardial infarction death in all death causes was stabilized around 4% .The sex ratio of male to female for cerebral apoplexy was descended from 1 .76∶1 .00 to 1 .43∶1 .00 in these five years ,while which for myocardial infarction was dropped from 1 .44∶1 .00 to 1 .30∶1 .00 ;which of cerebral apoplexy and myocardial infarction below 75 years old tended to de-cline ,while which above 75 years old tended to rise .Conclusion The cerebral apoplexy harm to Chongqing people′s life is increas-ing ,while the harm caused by myocardial infarction changes little ;the constituent ratio of female death caused by cerebral apoplexy and myocardial infarction is rising ;the cerebral apoplexy and myocardial infarction damage to old people above 75 years old is grea-ter ,and this damage still continues to grow .