One of the commonest psychological problems that a clinician would encounter in primary care is depression. The prevalence of depression is high in women, the elderly and those with underlying physical problems or during the postpartum period. The spectrum of clinical presentations is wide and somatic complaints are more common in primary care clinics. Depression may present as a primary disorder and co-morbidity with other psychological problems or physical illnesses is high. A good clinical interview is an important form of assessment and a quick screening of depression can be done with the administration of proper rating scales, such as the Patient Health Questionnaire, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale or Geriatric Depression Scale. Repeated use of the same scale in a patient would help the clinician to monitor the progress objectively.
Depression motion ; Primary Health Care ; Cancer patients and suicide and depression ; Scale <3> ; seconds

The management of depression in the primary care setting should ideally take a biological, psychological, and sociological approach. Antidepressants are the most commonly used biological agents in the treatment of depression. Psychological therapies and psychosocial interventions improve the outcome of treatment when combined with pharmacotherapy. Clinical depression is treatable and thus efforts should be made to alleviate the suffering of patients with depression.
Cancer patients and suicide and depression ; Primary Health Care ; Management ; Depression motion ; Part

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the association among change in the sensation of the arms, the range of motion in the shoulders and depression in breast cancer patients. METHOD: This is a descriptive study on correlation. The participants were 132 patients who had been diagnosed with breast cancer and had mastectomy at a university hospital, and had participated in a breast cancer self-help group. The degree of depression was assessed by SCL-90-R scores. Collected data were analyzed with SPSS 12.0 for Windows. RESULTS: The participants complained of 'heaviness' as the most frequent and serious symptom of change in the sensation of the arms. 'Completely zip up the dress with a back-fastening zipper' was the most difficult motion of the shoulders. Participants who were in a worse stage of disease were in a worse condition in shoulder functions, and on a higher degree of depression. The degree of change in sensation and shoulder functions showed a positive correlation with each other, and both of them showed a negative correlation with the degree of depression. CONCLUSION: Sensation and motion change in the arms and the shoulders were common phenomena that affected depression in patients who had mastectomy. Nurses should consider not only depression but also discomfort of the arms and the shoulders for patients with mastectomy.
Arm* ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Depression* ; Humans ; Mastectomy ; Range of Motion, Articular* ; Self-Help Groups ; Sensation* ; Shoulder*

PURPOSE: The Purpose of this research was to develop the integrative exercise program for the elderly. METHOD: The first step was to survey the elder's health status and general health problems. The second step was to design the exercise type, intensity, time and frequency. RESULT: 1. Elders who implement the integrative exercise program had weaker health status, lower physical performance and more depression than any other places. 2. The integrative exercise program developed the preparation stage composed of stretching and Yudongkong-Ki exercise, the central stage was composed of range of motion exercise, muscle strength exercise and aerobic exercise with favorite and popular Korean music. The finishing stage was composed of joint rounding and Yudongkong-Ki exercise. The exercise intensity was RPE(rating perceived exertion) 10-11, maximal pulse rate 40-60%, duration started from 20min to 50min and frequency is 2-3times/wk. CONCLUSION: The integrative exercise program developed by the researcher is tailored exercise that is more applicable to individual cases in community settings. Eventually, the program is safely applicable to the elders, and is expected to improve the elders' physical function and quality of life.
Aged* ; Depression ; Exercise ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Joints ; Muscle Strength ; Music ; Quality of Life ; Range of Motion, Articular

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to develop and measure the effect of a movie-based-nursing intervention program designed to enhance motivation for rehabilitation and reduce depression levels in stroke patients. METHODS: The study used a quasi-experimental, nonequivalent control group and a pretest-posttest design. The 60 research subjects were assigned to the experimental (n=30) or control group (n=30). The movie-based nursing intervention program was provided for the experimental group during 60-minute sessions held once per week for 10 weeks. The program consisted of patient education to strengthen motivation for rehabilitation and reduce depression, watching movies to identify role models, and group discussion to facilitate therapeutic interaction. RESULTS: After 10 weeks of participation in the movie-based nursing intervention program, the experimental group's rehabilitation motivation score was significantly higher, F=1161.54 (within groups df=49, between groups df=1), p<.001, relative to that observed in the control group. In addition, the experimental group's depression score was significantly lower relative to that observed in the control group, F=258.97 (within groups df=49, between groups df=1), p<.001. CONCLUSION: The movie-based nursing intervention program could be used for stroke patients experiencing psychological difficulties including reduced motivation for rehabilitation and increased depression during the rehabilitation process.
Depression* ; Humans ; Motion Pictures as Topic ; Motivation* ; Nursing* ; Patient Education as Topic ; Program Development ; Rehabilitation* ; Research Subjects ; Stroke*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a six week self-help empowerment strategy program on the empowerment status, pain intensity, physical function, joint flexibility and depression status in rheumatoid arthritis patients. METHOD: The subjects of the study consisted of a convenience sample thirteen rheumatoid arthritis patients. Data was collected from July to November, 2001. All patient received a self-help empowerment strategy program, once a week for six weeks. RESULT: After receiving the self-help empowerment strategy program, the empowerment status increased significantly, the pain intensity and the depression score decreased significantly and the level of physical function significantly improved but the flexibilities of shoulders, knees and ankles were not significantly changed. CONCLUSION: Further studies need to be done to determine the feasibility of implementing empowerment strategy and its possibility as an effective intervention program for decreasing pain intensity and depression score and improving the physical function.
Ankle ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid* ; Depression ; Humans ; Knee ; Power (Psychology)* ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Self-Help Groups ; Shoulder

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop the exercise program based on the Transtheoretical Model, and to identify it's effects on physical and psychological variables in stroke survivors. METHOD: The subjects of this study were 42 stroke survivors in the preparation and action stages. The stage based exercise program was conducted in the experimental group 8 times for 8 weeks. For data collection, physical conditioning and psychological state were measured and decisional balance and exercise specific self-efficacy were compared within groups. RESULT: For the physical conditioning, there were significant improvements in shoulder's range of motion and walking speed. For the psychological state, the mean score of self esteem for the experimental group significantly increased in both stages. The pros of decisional balance increased in the preparation stage and the cons of decisional balance increased in the action stage, but the exercise specific self-efficacy scores were not significantly changed in both stages. CONCLUSION: The stage based exercise program using the Transtheoretical Model influenced on the physical and psychological variables positively for the stroke survivors. It was demonstrated that subjects became more active during the intervention.
Data Collection ; Depression ; Humans ; Methods ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Self Concept ; Stroke* ; Survivors* ; Walking

PURPOSE: This study tries to examine the effects of hand moxibustion and press pellet by applying them to male manufacturing workers with low back pain, and use them to develop nursing interventions for workers. METHODS: The data were collected from August to October, 2018, and the subjects were 60 men, processed by using SPSS/WIN 21.0 to perform homogeneity test with χ²-, t-, and hypothesis tests with repeated measures, ANOVA and Scheffé test. RESULTS: Hypothesis 1 that “the experimental group provided with hand moxibustion and hand press pellet would give lower scores for low back pain than the control group” was supported (F=78.71, p<.001). Hypothesis 2 that “the experimental group provided with hand moxibustion and hand press pellet would have a wider range of motion than the control group” was also supported (F=17.44, p<.001). Hypothesis 3 that “the experimental group provided with hand moxibustion and hand press pellet would give lower scores for depression than the control group,” again, was supported (F=16.95, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Hand moxibustion and hand press pellet are effective in relieving low back pain for male workers, in increasing the range of motion, and in decreasing depression.
Depression ; Hand ; Humans ; Joints ; Low Back Pain ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Nursing ; Range of Motion, Articular

PURPOSE: This study is to grasp factors influencing the quality of life in older adults after total knee replacement. METHODS: This study was conducted with 165 older adults who had TKR at four orthopedic hospitals in D city. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple linear regression with SPSS 19.0 software. RESULTS: Pain and depression were negatively correlated with range of motion, social support, while sense of coherence was positively correlated with quality of life. Sense of coherence (43%, β=.40), pain (8%, β=−.30), and depression (3%, β=−.20) on the Physical Component Summary in the quality of life have significant explanatory power of 54%. Sense of coherence (49%, β=.44), social support (6%, β=.25), and depression (3%, β=−.22) on the Mental Component Summary in the quality of life have significant explanatory power of 58%. CONCLUSION: This study suggests developing a program to improve the quality of life in older adults who had TKR, considering factors such as sense of coherence.
Adult* ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee* ; Depression* ; Hand Strength ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Orthopedics ; Quality of Life* ; Range of Motion, Articular* ; Sense of Coherence*

PURPOSE: To assess the behaviour of fresh frozen cancellous allograft used for supporting the reconstructed articular surface in impacted tibial plateau fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between May 2004 and May 2008, 13 cases of impacted tibial plateau fracture were evaluated retrospectively. All fractures were treated with open reduction-internal fixation after restoration of the tibial plateau surface and insertion of fresh frozen cancellous allograft chips for subchondral support. Mean age was 46.6 (31~65) years. Average follow-up period was 36 (13~58) months. The radiological and clinical result for every patient was assessed according to the modified Rasmussen's system and Lysholm's knee score. RESULTS: According to last follow-up weight bearing A-P X-ray, the fresh frozen cancellous allograft incorporated soundly in all cases and no complications such as joint depression, fracture reduction loss, angular deformity, and malunion were found. The mean time to complete bone union was postoperative 10+/-0.7 weeks. The mean range of motion was 135 (115~145) degrees. The mean Rasmussen's radiological score at last follow up was 15.3 (10 cases: excellent, 3 cases: good). The mean Lysholm's knee score at last follow up was 88.2+/-4.3. CONCLUSION: We concluded that fresh frozen cancellous allograft in impacted tibial plateau fractures showed good results in terms of bone union and functional improvement and was considered to be a good structural supporter.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Depression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Knee ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Retrospective Studies ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Transplants ; Weight-Bearing