Objective To observe the effect of preoperative stellate ganglion block (SGB)on gastrointestinal function in rats undergoing gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal abdominal surgery.Methods Fifty-four male SD rats,weighing (200 ± 10 )g,were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group (n =6,group C),gastrointesinal abdominal surgery group (n =12,group G), SGB+gastrointesinal abdominal surgery group (n = 12,group SG),non-gastrointestinal abdominal surgery group (n = 12,group NG),SGB+ non-gastrointestinal abdominal surgery group (n = 12, group SNG).Group C was given no treatment.Venous blood samples were taken for determination of the levels of serum NE,TNF-αand IL-6 at the time before stellate ganglion block (T1 ),the end of operation (T2 ),12 h (T3 )and 24 h after operation (T4 ).Six rats were randomly chosen from each group to test bowel propulsion rate at T3 and T4 ,then sacrificed to measure motilin (MTL)and vaso-active intestinal peptide (VIP)in antrum and proximal colon.Results Compared with T1 and group C,the serum concentrations of NE,TNF-αand IL-6 significantly increased at T2-T4 in groups G,SG, NG and SNG (P <0.05).The NE,TNF-α and IL-6 levels in group G were significantly higher than those in group SG (P <0.05),and the serum NE,TNF-αand IL-6 levels in group NG were signifi-cantly higher than those in group SNG (P <0.05).Compared with T3 and group C,the bowel pro-pulsion rate and MTL levels significantly increased at T4 in groups G,SG,NG and SNG (P <0.05). The bowel propulsion rate and MTL levels in group SG and group SNG were significantly higher than those in group G and group NG,respectively (P <0.05 ).The VIP levels significantly decreased in groups G,SG,NG and SNG than that in group C (P <0.05).The VIP levels in group SG were sig-nificantly lower than those in group G (P < 0.05 ), and the VIP levels in group SNG were significantly lower than those in group NG (P < 0.05 ).Conclusion Preoperative stellate ganglion block can premote the recovery of gastrointestinal function in rats after abdominal surgery,attenuated stress response and inflammatory reaction,and regulation of gastrointestinal hormone level may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To observe the changes of learning and memory ability and the expression of GRP8,ATF4 and CHOP in the frontal lobe neurons of rats after isoflurane anesthesia.Methods Male SD aged rats were randomly divided into 4 groups with 15 in each group.Rats in ISO group received 1.5% isoflurane 2 h,SAL group received intraperitoneal injection Salubrinal(1 mg/kg),ISO+SAL group received 1.5% 2 h after intraperitoneal injection Salubrinal(1 mg/kg),C group only inhaled 30% air and oxygen mixture.Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed 24 hours after isoflurane anesthesia,and then the left frontal lobe of rats was collected,gene transcription and protein expression changes of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein(GRP78),activating transcription factor 4(ATF4),C/EBP homologous protein(CHOP) were evaluated by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence.Results Compared with the C group,the latent time of ISO group was significantly prolonged(ISO group(19.10±2.98)s vs C group (10.54±2.05)s,P<0.05);the number of times passing through the target platform of ISO group was decreased significantly(ISO group (6.78±1.47) vs Cgroup (9.03±1.69),P<0.05);protein expression level of GRP78 was significantly increased in group ISO (ISO group (965.8±86.5) vs C group(247.5±46.3),P<0.05);protein expression level of ATF4 was significantly increased in group ISO(ISO group (470±69.4) vs C group (275.4±56.3),P<0.05) protein expression level of CHOP was significantly increased in group ISO(ISO group (618.7±83.3) vs C group(174.5±71.2),P<0.05).The transcription trends of GRP78,ATF4,CHOP were consistent with their protein expression.Conclusion The decrease of short-term memory ability after isoflurane anesthesia may be related to the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway in frontal lobe neurons.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the protective effect of selective 18 ku translocator protein (TSPO) ligand YL-IPA08 on corticosterone(CORT)-induced apoptosis of BV-2 cells and its potential mecha?nisms. METHODS BV-2 Cells were pretreated with selective TSPO ligand YL-IPA08 1-100 nmol · L-1 and(or) TSPO antagonist PK11195 100 nmol · L-1 for 2 h,and then co-incubated with CORT for another 24 h. The apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. CCK-8 kit was used to test BV-2 cell viability. The protein expression of TSPO was determined by Western blotting. The level of allopreg?nanolone was detected by ELISA kit. RESULTS In line with positive drug-AC-5216, the cell apoptosis rate decreased in YL-IPA08 1-100 nmol · L-1 and CORT co-treatment groups(P<0.01), which was antago?nized by PK11195 100 nmol · L-1 treatment(P<0.05). Cell viability increased in YL-IPA08 100 nmol · L-1and CORT co-treatment groups (P<0.01), which was blocked by PK11195 100 nmol·L-1 treatment(P<0.01). The expression of TSPO and the level of allopregnanolone(P<0.01) were enhanced by YL-IPA08 100 nmol · L-1 pretreatment followed by CORT treatment. The enhancement of allopregnanolone level was blocked by PK11195 100 nmol·L-1 treatment(P<0.05). CONCLUSION YL-IPA08 can protect BV-2 cells from CORT induced apoptosis. The protective effect of YL-IPA08 may be conferred by the increasing level of TSPO expression and allopregnanolone.