Objective To estimate the incentive and guidance of degree policy for the doctoral student's capacity-building. Methods Totally 1185 published SCI papers completed by 1 013 doc-toral students from 2008 to 2012 in Capital Medical University were filed and impact factors of these SCI journals taken as analysis objects were organized using Microsoft Office Excellsoftware. ANOVA was used for data procession and t-test was used for statistical analysis. P<0.05 signifies statistically significant difference. Results This study showed that 97%doctoral students can complete SCI paper publication in compliance with requirements of doctoral degree policy. Quality of SCI papers of aca-demic degree PhDs was higher than that of professional degree PhDs(P=0.00). Level of SCI papers of PhDs in basic disciplines was higher than that of PhDs in clinical disciplines (P=0.00). In addition, this study found that higher leveled SCI papers originated primarily from the national key disciplines and co-first authors. Conclusions The appropriate degree policies play an important guiding role in enhancing the quality of doctoral students' education. Degree-granting units should make more specific guidance policies according to different types of disciplines and cultures, such as raising published arti-cle requirements to the clinical professional PhDs, improving and standardizing relevant degree poli-cies about SCI papers published by co-first authors, strengthening disciplinary conditions building, etc.

Objective To systematically review the effectiveness and safety of transcutaneous electricalnerve stimulation (TENS) on symptomatic diabetic neuropathy (DNP). Methods Electronic databases such asPUBMED, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Chinese Biomedical Database weresearched by using such mesh and text keywords as "TENS" and "diabetic neuropathy". Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) on the effect of TENS on symptomatic diabetic neuropathy were included. Studies were selected and availa-ble data was extracted independently by two reviewers. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 4.2.8 software.Results Three RCTs involving 78 patients were included in this study. Compared with sham-stimulation, TENStherapy significantly reduced the score in pain (SMD -2.35, 95% CI [-4.24, -0.46 ] ) and the score in numb-ness (WMD -0.18, 95% CI [-0.32, -0.05 ] ). Subgroup analysis shows that TENS therapy was associated with a significant reduction in the score of pain in both 4-week treatment duration ( SMD - 5.37, 95% CI [ - 6.97,- 3.77 ] ) and 6-week treatment duration ( SMD - 1.01, 95% CI [ - 2.01, - 0.01 ] ), but not 12-week treatmentduration (SMD - 1.65, 95% CI [ -4.02, 0.73 ] ). Conclusion TENS therapy is a promising and safe strategyfor treatment of symptomatic diabetic neuropathy. More studies are still warranted to accumulate the evidence of theeffect of TENS therapy on DNP.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in suspected coronary heart disease patients with electrocardiogram abnormalities but normal coronary angiography. Methods The data of 25 suspected coronary heart disease patients with electrocardiogram abnormalities but normal coronary angiography were collected from Taiyuan central hospital between October 2010 and April 2012. Comparison was done in terms of anterior interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular end diastolic dimension, left ventricular end systolic dimension, left atrial diameterand ejection fraction measured by CMR and by UCG. Correlation of the aboved paremeters between the 2 imaging exams. Results 40%of patients had their diagnosis changed after CMR exam, 32%of the patients with adjusted assessment. The differences in anterior interventricular septal thickness, left ventricular posterior wall thickness, left ventricular enddiastolic dimension, left ventricular end systolic dimension, left atrial diameter, ejection fraction by CMR and by UCG were similar (P>0.05) with positive correlation (P<0.01). Conclusions CMR can provide diagnosis and evaluation information to chest pain patients with ECG abnormalities but normal CAG, and it is a good supplement for routine examination.

Objective:To analyze the correlation between 21-gene recurrence score (RS) and clinicopathological characteristics of patients with Lumina type breast cancer, and to explore its significance in individualized treatment.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 59 patients with surgical resection and pathological diagnosis of Lumina type breast cancer in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from May 2018 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of 21 gene and RS was calculated. According to the 21-gene RS, the patients were divided into low recurrence risk group (RS < 18 points), intermediate recurrence risk group (RS 18-31 points) and high recurrence risk group (RS > 31 points). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were made to evaluate the correlations between different recurrence risk and clinicopathological characteristics of patients and their influence on the choice of adjuvant chemotherapy.Results:Based on the 21-gene RS, 29 patients were in low recurrence risk group, 22 cases were in intermediate recurrence risk group, and 8 cases were in high recurrence risk group. Single-factor analysis showed that age ( P = 0.012), maximum mass diameter ( P = 0.031), histological grade ( P = 0.036), progesterone receptor (PR) level ( P = 0.015), Ki-67 positive index ( P = 0.049) and molecular typing ( P = 0.010) were influencing factors of 21-gene RS recurrence risk. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age and Ki-67 positive index were negatively correlated with 21-gene RS recurrence risk (both P < 0.05). After grouping according to the 21-gene RS, 17 patients in the intermediate recurrence risk group (according to the traditional postoperative recurrence risk grouping method for breast cancer) were classified as low recurrence risk group, and 4 patients in the low recurrence risk group were classified as intermediate recurrence risk group ( χ2 = 4.535, P = 0.033). After grouping based on 21-gene RS, the number of patients who needed chemotherapy in individualized treatment decreased. Of the 17 cases, 11 cases did not undergo postoperative chemotherapy, and the remaining patients received chemotherapy. The postoperative follow-up period was 11-22 months. As of March 2020, there was no recurrence or disease progress. Conclusion:The 21-gene RS can provide objective basis for the individualized precise treatment and prognosis prediction for patients with early-stage Lumina type breast cancer.

AIM:To investigate the effects of grasp seed procyanidins(GSP) on homocysteine-induced proliferation and migration in vascular smooth muscle cells(VSMC) and related molecular mechanisms.METHODS: Cell count and -TdR assay were used for detecting cell proliferation and DNA synthesis,ELISA assay was used for detecting inflammatory response,DCFH-DA assay for examining the levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS),Western blotting for detecting protein expression.RESULTS: Homocysteine(0.1-1 mmol/L) increased VSMC proliferation and migration,and the levels of ROS were in a dose-dependent manner.The results of Western blotting showed that homocysteine significantly increased the expression of MCP-1,IL-6 and TNF-?.However,Compared with control group,in GSP(5-20 g/L) group,the increased VSMC proliferation,migration and the production of ROS and the expression of MCP-1,IL-6 and TNF-? mediated by homocysteine were markedly suppressed.EMSA showed that in GSP treatment group,the NF-?B activation was also almost completely inhibited.CONCLUSION: GSP inhibits homocysteine-induced VSMC proliferation,migration and inflammatory response through interfering with ROS dependent on NF-?B signal pathway.

Objective To evaluate the association between short-term outcomes and collateral circulation status in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving thrombolysis therapy.Methods Full-text articles published from January 2000 to November 2016 in Cochrane Library,Medline,Embase and Web of Science electronic database were retrieved and their quality was assessed.The association between short-term outcomes and collateral circulation status were analyzed by random-effects models.Results Twenty three studies involving 2 849 patients were included in quantitative synthesis.The results showed that good collateral circulations had a beneficial effect on favorable outcomes at 3 or 6 months (RR =2.26,95％ CI:1.85-2.77,P =0.00),and were also associated with a lower rate of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (RR =0.56,95％ CI:0.47-0.67,P ＜ 0.01) and a lower rate of mortality (RR =0.30,95％ CI:0.22-0.40,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion The baseline collateral cimulation status is associated with the short-term outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke receiving thrombolysis therapy.

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a common autoimmune liver disease,and the diversity of its treatment methods has been hotly discussed by scholars in various countries.As the best treatment,end-stage liver transplantation (LT),due to the related diseases,such as postoperative complications greatly limits its wide application in clinical practice.Early assessment and intervention can reduce the risk of concomitant disease and reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications.In this paper,the status of LT indications,timing and related disease management,postoperative complications and other aspects of PSC patients were reviewed.

Objective:To investigate the value of serum vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF), pepsinogen ratio (PGR) combined with magnifying chromoendoscopy in the diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus associated gastric carcinoma (EBVaGC).Methods:A retrospective case control study was conducted. The clinical data of 314 patients with gastric cancer who were confirmed by pathological examination in Baoji Central Hospital from January 2018 to January 2023 were retrospectively collected. All patients were divided into EBVaGC group (34 cases) and EB virus negative gastric cancer (EBVnGC) group (280 cases) according to the result of EB virus quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction in serum before treatment, while 50 healthy volunteers who underwent the physical examination in the same period were selected as the control group. The level of VEGF was detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum levels of pepsinogen (PG) Ⅰ and PGⅡ were detected by using fluorescence immunochromatography. PGR was calculated by PGⅠ-to-PGⅡ ratio. Electronic magnification gastroscopy was performed, suspicious lesions were stained and the pathological state of gastric tissues was observed. Taking the pathological results of living tissues as the gold standard, the diagnostic efficacy of each index alone and the combination detection for EBVaGC was calculated. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the independent risk factors of the incidence of EBVaGC.Results:The age of patients in EBVaGC group, EBVnGC group and the healthy control group was (61±10) years, (63±12) years and (61±12) years, respectively; and there were 28 males (82.4%), 228 males (81.4%) and 41 males (82.0%), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in age and gender among the 3 groups (all P>0.05). The serum VEGF level and the proportion of positive patients detected by endochromatography in EBVaGC group were higher than those in the EBVnGC group and the healthy control group [VEGF: (253±48) pg/ml vs. (183±38) pg/ml, (92±25) pg/ml; positive proportion: 94.1% (32/34) vs. 77.9% (218/280), 2.0% (1/50)], and the PGR in EBVaGC group was lower than that in EBVnGC group and the healthy control group (2.1±1.0 vs. 3.1±1.1, 14.1±1.9), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). The sensitivity of serum VEGF in the diagnosis of EBVaGC was higher than that of PGR [73.5% (25/34) vs. 66.9% (22/34)]. The diagnostic specificity of PGR [78.2% (219/280) vs. 69.3% (194/280)] and accuracy [76.8% (241/314) vs. 69.8% (219/314)] were higher than those of VEGF. The sensitivity [85.3% (29/34)], specificity [82.9% (232/280)] and accuracy [83.1% (261/314)] of magnifying chromoendoscopy in the diagnosis of EBVaGC were higher than those of VEGF and PGR. The sensitivity [94.1% (32/34)], specificity [95.7% (268/280)] and accuracy [95.5% (300/314)] of the 3 combined detection were higher than those of single and pairwise detection. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the independent risk factors for the incidence of EBVaGC included alcoholism ( OR = 2.310, 95% CI: 1.243-3.581, P = 0.007), spicy food preference ( OR = 1.516, 95% CI: 1.084-2.142, P = 0.026), irregular diet ( OR = 1.448, 95% CI: 1.013-2.104, P = 0.043), family history of gastric cancer ( OR = 2.732, 95% CI: 1.312-4.894, P = 0.001). Conclusions:Serum VEGF and PGR combined with magnifying chromoendoscopy can improve the diagnostic efficiency of EBVaGC, and developing good eating will be helpful to prevent or slow down the progression of stomach diseases.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined use of ticagrelor and cilostazol for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) complicated with upper digestive tract diseases following percutaneous coronary intervention ( PCI).Methods A total of 262 consecutive ACS patients complicated with upper digestive tract diseases followed-up for one-year after PCI were included in this study.The patients were allocated into control group (combined use of ticagrelor and aspirin , n＝184) and cilostazol group ( combined use of ticagrelor and cilostazol , n ＝78) for antiplatelet treatment.The basic characteristics of the patients , change of the treatment regimens , cardiovascular events and hemorrhagic events were compared between two groups .Results After one year of follow-up, 16.8%(31/184)patients in control group and 3.8%(3/78)in cilostazol group changed antiplatelet regimens (χ2＝8.200,P＝0.004).There was no statistical difference in use of statins and ACEI/ARB between two groups(P＞0.05).The rate of proton pump inhibitor use in control group was significantly higher than that in cilostazol group [82.1%(151/184) vs.52.6%(41/78), χ2＝24.35, P＝0.000].However, the dosage of β-blockers in cilostazol group was significantly higher than that in control group [(39.1 ±12.4) mg vs.(28.6 ±10.1) mg, t ＝7.174,P＝0.000].No statistical difference was found in total cardiovascular events between two groups [21.7%(40/184) vs.12.8%(10/78),χ2＝2.822,P＝0.121].The incidence of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in control group was significantly increased compared with cilostazol group [12.0%(22/184) vs.2.6%(2/78),χ2＝5.807,P ＝0.018], however, there was no significant difference in hemorrhagic events concerning the thrombolysis for myocardial infarction between two groups [17.4%(32/184) vs.9.0%(7/78), χ2＝3.063,P＝0.089].Conclusion Combined use of cilostazol and ticagrelor is effective and safe for ACS patients with gastrointestinal hemorrhage or a higher risk of hemorrhage .

Objective:To analyze the detection strategy and basic detection situation of markers of infectious diseases transmitted by transfusion in blood testing laboratories of blood stations in China.Methods:Based on the data of practice comparison working party of Blood Stations in Mainland of China from 2017 to 2021, the data on the testing strategies and the basic detection information of the markers for the transmission of infectious diseases through transfusion in the member laboratories of the practice comparison working party of Blood Stations in Mainland of China from 2017 to 2021 were collected, and the situation of the selection for testing markers, testing strategy and the testing method and other relevant aspects were sorted out and analyzed by charts.Results:The selection of the testing markers was consistent, but HTLV testing item was added in some member laboratories. The detection strategy of using two ELISA reagents and one nucleic acid testing (NAT) reagent simultaneously was adopted in 47 member blood stations; 3) NAT method was dominated by mini pool-NAT in member laboratories. The number of members adopting mini-pools of 8 (MP8)-NAT decreased from 17 in 2017 to 14 in 2021, while the number of members adopting mini-pools of 6 (MP6)-NAT increased from 13 in 2017 to 22 in 2021; Roche NAT system accounted for the largest proportion.Conclusions:In order to ensure blood safety and avoid missing detection, the blood stations still adopt the detection strategy of using two ELISA reagents and one nucleic acid testing (NAT) reagent simultaneously; Meanwhile, in order to increase the NAT positive rate, the proportion of mini pool-NAT mainly decreased year by year despite its dominating role, while the proportion of individual donation-NAT increased year by year; NAT method is transiting from mini-pools of 8 (MP8) to mini-pools of 6 (MP6); The proportion of imported NAT system used in NAT laboratory is relatively large.